河南省铁炉坪银矿床地球化学特征

构造蚀变岩型银矿床在我国银矿床中占重要地位.通过对矿床成矿环境、地球化学背景、矿床主要赋矿地层、蚀变、矿体中微量元素空间分布和矿区的水系沉积物、土壤、岩石地球化学异常特征等方面的研究,阐述了铁炉坪银矿床的成矿机理、元素分带,并建立了该类型矿床地质-地球化学找矿模型.为该区银矿找矿奠定基础.     

山西省刁泉银矿床微量元素地球化学特征研究

本文根据区域地层、岩浆岩、构造中微量元素分布特征,水系沉积物地球化学异常,微量元素在矿区各地质体中的分布特征,垂向、水平分带特征,元素的相关性及因子分析,元素在成矿作用过程中的地球化学行为,结合地质特征,提出刁泉银矿外围找矿的水系沉积物指示元素组合和原生晕指示元素组合,划分了刁泉银矿床微量元素的垂向和水平分带序列,并以矿床的成因、物质来源有所指示。     

攀西地区铂族元素地球化学异常分布及其筛选

攀西地区不同时代地层的水系沉积物中铂族元素地球化学背景值具有明显的规律性分布.笔者通过对该地区铂族元素含量在各地层中的分布以及地球化学异常的圈定、归并和分类,结合有关铂族矿床地球化学特征的认识,通过对水系沉积物中Pt、Pd综合异常的筛选,在铂族元素综合衬值异常图的基础上共划分出Ⅰ类异常4个、Ⅱ类异常19个、Ⅲ类异常23个以及Ⅳ类异常14个.初步筛选出的19个Ⅱ类异常子区可为进一步开展铂族矿床找矿工作提供依据.     

云南北衙地区成矿地球化学特征及找矿方向

利用北衙整装勘查区1∶20万水系沉积物地球化学数据,综合分析了地层、岩浆岩、典型矿床主要成矿元素Ag、Au、Cu、Pb、Zn的富集规律,对元素分布特征、综合异常特征、相关性及异常元素组合特征进行初步研究,确定了找矿有利指标组合;通过对比北衙金矿区典型矿床成矿地质、地球化学特征,结合地层、岩浆岩等找矿标志预测北衙地区的找矿远景区。结果表明:综合区域上的地层、构造、岩浆岩和区域矿产等资料,对成矿元素异常组合进行地球化学分区是可行的,能有效反映致矿异常,突出矿化信息;根据区域单元素Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu地球化学特征以及组合元素异常特征结合成矿地质背景,指出了炭窑金矿、铅锌矿找矿靶区;马鞍山北部金矿找矿靶区,为北衙整装勘查区外围找矿提供了指导作用。     

浙江省龙泉县八都萤石矿床化探方法试验研究

为了发挥勘查地球化学在找矿中的优势,运用类似于研究脉状热液型金属矿床地球化学特征的方法,对浙江省龙泉县八都萤石矿床进行了地球化学找矿方法的试验研究,目的是:(1),了解该类型萤石矿床在成矿作用影响下,赋存于围岩、水系沉积物及水介质中的地球化学特征;(2),了解该类型矿床的原生、次生异常特征.以期在未知区对该类矿床的找矿评价工作时提供一些地球化学方面的依据.通过研究表明:形成萤石矿床原生晕元素有:第一组F、As、Sb、Ca、Ag、Mo、Y;第二组Na、Mg、Al、K、Ti、Ba、P、Nb、Pb等.其中第一组为正异常元素(简称正晕元素);第二组为负异常元素(简称负晕元素).所有以上元素的原生晕都呈现带状特征.正晕元素的轴向分带由上到下为:F-Ca-As-Sb-Y-Ag-Mo.水系沉积物及重砂测量结果表明:在已剥蚀的萤石矿床附近的水系中,可以形成萤石重砂异常及F元素异常.萤石可做为找矿的指示矿物;F可做为找矿的指示元素.矿区水文地球化学研究结果表明:在已知萤石矿田范围内,可出现F^-、Ca³⁺的水化学异常,该异常对于矿体富集部位及矿带的延伸方向有一定的指示意义.     

基于SAMCF法的攀西地区水系沉积物铂族元素异常提取

攀西地区是我国重要的铂族元素地球化学省,具良好的铂族元素(PGE)成矿地质条件;攀枝花-西昌一带有一个与峨眉山玄武岩分布范围基本吻合的Pt、Pd区域地球化学异常。本文根据不同地层单元水系沉积物中Pt、Pd元素地球化学特征,用子区中位数衬值滤波(SAMCF)法提取铂族元素异常,圈出多处Pt、Pd衬值异常区。结合有关铂族元素矿床地球化学特征,通过水系沉积物中Pt、Pd综合异常的筛选,初步优选出8个铂族元素异常找矿远景区和19个Ⅱ类异常区,为进一步开展铂族矿床找矿提供依据。     

地球化学分区标准化方法在区域化探信息提取中的应用

从区域化探数据中提取找矿地球化学信息是目前化探工作的重要研究课题,地球化学背景与异常划分是提取找矿地球化学信息的关键。水系沉积物是岩石风化的产物,是上游汇水盆地物质的天然组合,在化学成分上与上游汇水盆地岩石组成具有明显的继承性。水系沉积物中成矿成晕元素含量与常量元素含量之间亦有着密切关系。笔者基于水系沉积物样品特点,采用地球化学分区标准化方法圈定地球化学异常。研究发现,利用常量元素进行地球化学分区是可行的;分区标准化数据处理可以有效地压抑高背景区非矿异常,并强化低背景区矿致异常,突出了找矿信息。以成矿成晕元素标准化数据的因子得分圈定矿化类型综合异常,集中体现了矿致异常信息。     

海南岛王五—文教深大断裂带西南侧加来地区铷元素地球化学特征

本文以华南褶皱系五指山褶皱带北部加来地区地质特征为基础,进一步研究水系沉积物地球化学特征、土壤地球化学特征、岩石化学特征和矿物化学特征,探讨铷元素地球化学特征及其成因。研究表明：研究区内铷元素的水系沉积物异常、土壤地球化学异常、花岗岩类岩石化学特征和矿物化学特征基本吻合;本区花岗岩类中铷元素背景值普遍较高,但不同时期花岗岩类中铷元素背景值不一,中三叠世红岭花岗岩体中铷元素背景值最高;矿物原位LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析结果显示,花岗岩类中钾长石、白云母和黑云母是Rb₂O的主要载体矿物。     

白山市大横路铜钴矿床找矿地球化学模式

依据1／20万、1／5万水系沉积物地球化学测量和1／1万土壤地球化学测量的异常特征，结合区域及矿区地质、构造等地质要素，综合评价各异常特征所反映的地质找矿信息及其在大横路铜钴矿床找矿过程中的指导作用，同时对该地区影响地球化学异常强度的各因素等加以讨论。总结出寻找该类型矿床的找矿地球化学模式。     

白山市大横路铜钴矿床找矿地球化学模式

依据1／20万，1／5万水系沉积物地球化学测量和1／1万土壤地球化学测量的异常特征，结合区域及矿区地质，构造等地质要素，综合评价各异常特征气反映的地质找矿信息及其在大横路铜钴矿床找矿过程中的指导作用，同时对该地区影响地球化学异常强度的各因素等加以讨论，总结出寻找该类型矿床的找矿地球化学模式。     

Mineralogical and geochemical studies of boron-rich bauxite ore deposits in the Songqi region,SW Henan,China

The Songqi region, SW Henan, is an important bauxite province in China. The bauxite ore deposits occur unconformably on the top of Middle Ordovician argillaceous carbonates. The bauxite ores from the Songqi region are characterized by unusually high boron contents. In this paper, we report the mineralogical and chemical compositions of selected bauxite ores from the region. These new data, together with existing geochemical data of soils in the region, are used to evaluate the origin of boron enrichment in the bauxite ores. The compositional characteristics of tourmaline in the bauxite ores suggests that this mineral was likely derived from a meta-sedimentary protolith. Mass balance calculation reveals that tourmaline only accounts for a small portion of boron in the bauxite ores; the majority of boron in the ores must occur in other forms, possibly by ion absorption on the surfaces of diaspore and clay minerals. In the Songqi region, the Precambrian meta-sedimentary rocks are known to contain abundant tourmalines whereas the Cambrian–Ordovician argillaceous carbonates and the Upper Proterozoic shales are all enriched in boron in free ion state. We suggest that these rocks provided tourmaline and boron ion to the bauxite deposits in the region. Most known bauxite deposits in the Songqi region occur at the margins of boron-rich soil domains, suggesting that boron in soils is a potential exploration indicator for unknown bauxite deposits in this region.     

滇东南上二叠统吴家坪阶下部铝土矿 地球化学特征及物源分析

[摘 要] 滇东南地区上二叠统吴家坪阶下部铝土矿不整合于峨眉山玄武岩或灰岩之上,查明其物质来源对铝土矿勘探具有重要意义。对铝土矿及峨眉山大火成岩省玄武岩、花岗岩及下伏灰岩的地球化学指标进行研究,结果表明:滇东南铝土矿常量元素主要由SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、Al₂O₃、TiO₂ 和FeO 组成;铝土矿中富集Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta 元素,表明Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta 等高场强元素在滇东南地区铝土矿矿化过程中较为稳定,且Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta 表现出良好的相关性;铝土矿球粒陨石标准化曲线与峨眉山玄武岩配分曲线趋势一致,均富集轻稀土元素,而与下伏灰岩差异较大,且Zr-Hf、Nb-Ta 图解与峨眉山玄武岩呈线性关系,而与矮郎河过铝质花岗岩的相关性不强。据此推断滇东南地区上二叠统吴家坪阶下部铝土矿主要物质来源为峨眉山玄武岩。     

Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,Central Guizhou Province,Southwest China: A case study at Lindai deposit

Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al₂O₃ (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu¹ values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H₂S, H₂SO₄, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe³⁺ to its easily migrating form Fe²⁺, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS₂, FeCO₃, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite.     

贵州北部铝土矿地球化学特征及沉积环境分析

贵州北部产于二叠系中统梁山组底部含矿岩系中的铝土矿,厚度稳定、变化较小,矿石质量较好。近几年相继找到的大中型矿床接踵而至,是渝南—黔北铝土矿集区的重要组成部分。通过道真新民、岩坪、桃园和务川瓦厂坪等矿床中铝土矿(岩)微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征及沉积环境地球化学标志的研究,论证了贵州北部铝土矿床具有相同的物源和陆相淡水沉积环境。     

山西省石墙区铝土矿地质与地球化学特征研究

[摘 要]山西省原平市石墙区铝土矿属于典型的喀斯特型铝土矿。含矿岩系自下而上包括铁质粘土层、铝土矿层、粘土层,且含矿岩系一般包含两个明显的沉积旋回。矿体主体呈层状、似层状产出,矿石结构以隐晶质结构为主,局部出现碎屑和豆鲕粒结构。矿石构造大都为块状构造。矿物学分析显示,硬水铝石、针铁矿、锐钛矿、高岭石是主要的组成矿物,另外还含有石英、伊利石、绿泥石等矿物。地球化学分析显示,主量元素主要包括Al₂O₃、SiO₂、Fe₂O₃、H₂O⁺及TiO₂,微量元素中碱性和碱土元素Li、Sr、Be、Cs、Ba 及酸土元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、W 均表现为明显富集,且Zr 和Hf 之间以及Nb 和Ta 之间具有高度的相关性。地球化学指标Zr/ Hf、Nb/ Ta 以及Eu/ Eu^*- TiO₂/ Al₂O₃图解显示,底板碳酸盐岩是山西省原平市石墙区铝土矿的重要源岩。     

The role of microorganisms on the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Parnassos-Ghiona bauxite deposits,Greece

The Parnassos-Ghiona bauxite deposits of Greece are hosted within carbonate rocks and have been formed during different geological ages. The most economically important deposits occur in the B3 bauxite horizon, which is developed over long distance as a continuous layer of 1–10 m in thickness, within Cretaceous limestones. Due to intense tectonics, a significant (approximately 30 vol.%) bauxite ores along and near their contact with faults show a brittle deformation and change in the color from red to black-gray, in a distance of tens of meter. Commonly gray to whitish bauxites are aluminum-enriched (> 65 wt.% Al₂O₃) and iron depleted.     

南川大佛岩铝土矿区钛、硫含量与铝土矿成矿的关系

通过南川大佛岩铝土矿矿床特征的分析及对铝土矿体中Al_2O_3与Ti、S含量关系的研究发现,铝土矿体中TiO_2与Al_2O_3含量成正相关关系。在含矿岩系中若无连续成片的TiO_2含量大于2. 0%的地段,说明原生沉积阶段红土化程度低,初始铝土矿形成条件差,难以形成铝土矿工业矿体,TiO_2含量可作为初始铝土矿含矿岩系质量(红土化程度)优劣的指示元素。铝土矿中硫含量的高低,受后期改造影响明显,可以将S作为铝土矿区后生改造程度强弱的指示元素。     

重庆吴家湾铝土矿矿床地质特征及控矿因素探讨

重庆吴家湾铝土矿产于中二叠统梁山组（P2l）之下,呈假整合覆于中志留统韩家店组粉砂质页岩或中石炭统黄龙组灰岩之上。矿体产状与地层产状基本致,铝土矿呈土状、豆（鲕状）、致密块状、砾屑状。一水硬铝石为主要矿石矿物。控制铝土矿形成的主要因素为古环境、地形地貌、构造位置和地层。     

宽甸群中的层控矿床

The stratabound mineral deposits in the Kuandian Group (PtK) are all transformed deposits and might be classified into two types: syngenetic transformed deposits, such as boron, iron, rare-earth, pyrite and apatite ores, and metamorphic hydrothermal transformed deposits, such as magnesite, asbestos and talc. The boron deposits in the Kuandian Group are confined to the middle part of the Kuandian geosyncline 45 km in width and 400 km in length, constituting a boron ore zone trending in the same direction as the geosyncline itself. They may be classified commerrcially into two types, i. e., "white boron ore" and "black boron ore". The former, made up mainly of boronmagnesite and suanite, are rarely associated with ferruginous minerals, while the latter contains ludwigite and magnetite, forming ore of mixed type, the former occurs unexceptionally in PtK: while the latter can be found in three stratigraphic positions, i. e., PtK₂², PtK₄¹ and PtK₆². The B-Fe-TR formation has formed in time and space a metallogenic sequence and three obliquely arranged zones on account of the uneven distribution of useful element composition in the original strata. Within the Kuandian geosyncline, therefore, three subformations could be recognized from its periphery in inward succession: Fe-TR, B-Fe-TR and B-(Fe) subformations, accompanied by an increase in B and a decrease in Fe. So far as economic significance is concerned, the iron deposits in the Kuandian Group are likely to be assigned to four types, namely, Fe-TR type (Shengtieling type), Fe-B type (Wengquangou type), Fe-rich and sulfide-bearing type (Yanglin type) and Fe-magnesite-magnetite type (Daankou type). The "sedimentation- transformed" idea ought to be emphasized in the whole process of mineral exploration for stratabound deposits in Kuandian Group except for metamorphic-hydrothermal-transformed ones. Sedimentationis the base of being transformed, which has been verified by years of survey and prospecting.     

宽甸群中的层控矿床

宽甸群是中朝准地台东北部的一个很重要的含矿层位,其中含有一种独特的含硼建造,产有硼矿和硼镁铁矿-磁铁矿类型的矿床。