Study on engineering geological stability of rock mass at Shanmen silver deposit

The natural balance conditions will be disturbed and produce a series of problems when mineral deposit has mined. This paper has researched the engineering rock masses have been researched in this study, structural planes, the distribution characteristics of tectonic geological factors and the stability of engineering structures according to the theory and research methods of rock mechanics, it will provide the engineering geological evidence for mining area exploited, meanwhile pledge the safety production. Shanmen silver deposit is a large epithermal deposit,it is controlled by NE to NNE strike faults. The stability of rock mass is acted on the tectonic movement and hot metalliferous brine in long-term. Especially,strength of rock mass becomes softened, muddy and loosed under the action of water,so the lower stability of rock mass is,the easier it can take place for harm of disaster threatening production safe of mining. For this reason,it is very important that drawing up a plan to lower harm for mine and protect.     

河南省岩土体类型及主要环境工程地质问题刍议

河南省地处中原,交通发达,人口稠密,人类工程经济活动强烈。全省地貌类型齐全,岩土体类型复杂。在水库建设、矿产开发和铁路公路建设中出现了一系列环境工程地质问题,岩土体类型不同,其工程地质特性各异,产生的环境工程地质问题亦不尽相同。分析岩土体类型及其工程地质特征,是治理环境工程地质问题、防治人为灾害的基础。本文介绍了河南省岩土体类型及其主要工程地质特征。对水库区、采矿区及交通建设中出现的环境工程地质问题进行了详细论述,为治理环境工程地质问题、防治人为灾害提供了地学依据。     

烟台市地质灾害与岩土体类型相关性分析

根据最新一轮地质灾害排查结果,烟台市共发育471处地质灾害隐患点,主要类型包括崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、采空塌陷和岩溶塌陷。该文以烟台市地质环境背景和岩土体类型特征为基础,通过对471处地质灾害隐患点进行统计,首先从地质灾害发育数量和发育密度2个方面分析了烟台市地质灾害在各类岩土体类型中的分布特征,然后重点分析了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、采空塌陷和岩溶塌陷地质灾害与岩土体类型的关系,分析结果表明,崩塌、滑坡、泥石流主要分布在层状变质岩组中,采空塌陷主要分布在侵入岩岩组中,岩溶塌陷发育区土体结构主要为上部第四系松散土体、下部灰岩或大理岩的二元结构。依据地质灾害与岩土体类型相关性分析,可以有针对性地开展地质灾害易发性分区和监测预警工作。     

青海省都兰县乌拉斯太沟口金矿区地质特征及找矿前景

对乌拉斯太沟口已发现的金矿点及金矿化带进行区域成矿地质条件、矿区地质特征、矿体特征及矿石特征进行分析研究。认为区内含矿蚀变带与NW,NWW向断裂成矿关系密切;NW,NWW向断裂为区内的主要导矿、控矿构造;其构造拐弯或膨胀处以及次级构造为重要的容矿构造;强烈的印支期岩浆活动,剧烈的构造运动为金元素的活化、迁移、富集、沉淀提供了通道和成矿空间;矿床成因类型为构造蚀变岩型;毒砂、硅化、构造蚀变带等标志是该区的主要找矿标志。结合巴隆岩金矿床特征与区域上已发现的矿点综合分析,认为该区有着良好的找矿前景。     

Ore-controlling effect of structure and distribution of deep rock mass on Pb-Zn deposit in Qingchengzi ore concentration area,Liaoning

Qingchengzi ore concentration area in Liao-Ji rift is an important lead-zinc ore area of China,and the deep prospecting in this area has great prospects.Based on the spatial occurrence of ore bodies the Pb-Zn deposit can be divided into three types:layered,vein-shaped and pinnate.The deep geological conditions in this area are deduced by analyzing the tectonic evolution process and rock mass gravity inversion.The tectonic evolution of Liao-Ji rift can be divided into three stages:Paleoproterozoic extension period,Mesoproterozoic compression period and Mesozoic reactivation period.The magmatic activities in the Indosinian epoch led to the distribution pattern of the present deposits.According to the gravity inversion,Shuangdinggou-and Xinling rock masses on the north and south sides of the mining area are connected in the deep.The connected rock body might be distributed in the entire mining area.Xinling rock mass may be a branch extending from Shuangdinggou rock mass along the northeast trending fault,the connected rocks provide magmatic hydrothermal fluid for the final,folds and faults result in different types of ore body shapes.     

综合测井在胶东西岭金矿床深部开采技术条件研究中的应用

西岭金矿床位于三山岛金矿床深部,是目前我国勘查深度最大的矿床,随着矿床勘探开发深入,已有评价结果已无法满足深部矿体勘探开发要求。本文通过三侧向电阻率、密度和声波测井成果,结合钻孔工程地质编录、岩石物理力学性质样品测试,研究矿床深部工程地质条件。通过自然电位、三侧向电阻率和井径测井成果,结合钻孔水文地质工程地质编录,研究矿床水文地质条件。应用井温、自然伽马测井技术,结合深井实验室资料,研究矿床开采可能引起的热害、放射性伤害及冲击地压与岩爆等井下灾害等环境地质条件。总结了矿床深部的开采技术条件变化规律,为深井开采和热防护工程提供可靠的技术参数和技术指导。     

黄河大柳树坝址岩体破坏机制动力模拟试验分析

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址区存在大范围的岩体松动破坏现象，其主要特征是岩体应力释放，结构面张开，密度显著下降。为进一步研究岩体松动的成因机制，在详细调查区域地质背景条件及区域地震动力作用基础之上，提出了地震动力作用与岩体松动现象的内在联系。通过动力模拟试验进一步证明大柳树坝址区存在的大深度、大范围岩体松动与历史上该地区发生的强烈地震具有密切关系。因此在目前的工程地质条件下，一旦发生较大强度的地震活动，坝址区所遭受的破坏程度会更大，对拟建的水利工程设施将产生严重威胁。     

极限平衡方法在夏日哈木镍钴矿山拟建露天采场边坡角优化中的应用

夏日哈木镍钴矿为大型镍钴硫化物矿床,现拟建大型露天采场,边坡采用分台阶式高边坡,最高边坡高度超过600m。该工程具有开挖成本高,边坡一但失稳后果严重的特点。为此需要选择一个即节约经济成本又保障整体边坡稳定的最佳边坡角。本文采取Geostudio软件中的Slope模块极限平衡方法对拟建露天采场假设开挖边坡角的整体边坡稳定性进行分析,提出最佳设计边坡角。　本次边坡角优化的思路：首先根据场地工程地质条件和拟建边坡的高度等因素将拟建边坡划分为5个区,选择典型边坡工程地质剖面并进行工程地质岩体分段,然后通过岩石强度指标折减计算（本文采用费辛柯法、M.Georgi法和经验法）给各分段的岩体赋予凝聚力、内摩擦角等计算参数,采用极限平衡方法（Geostudio软件中的Slope模块法）对不同角度下对各分区边坡的破坏形式及安全系数进行计算,最后提出了各分区边坡的最佳设计边坡角。     

综合物探在内蒙古阿拉善左旗呼和沙拉矿区铜多金属矿中的应用

阿拉善左旗呼和沙拉矿区中的乌力吉—巴尔布拉格铜多金属矿成矿带作为内蒙古西北部地区主要成矿带之一,具有比较优越的成矿地质条件。根据区内自然地质情况,首先利用TDEM法和CSAMT法查明普查区内隐伏断裂构造的分布及深部变化特征,查明岩浆岩与沉积变质岩接触带的展布特征,圈定与成矿有利的构造及矿化蚀变带的位置;根据区内成矿地质特征及TDEM法、CSAMT法所圈定成矿有利地段,利用SIP法圈定与成矿密切相关的金属硫化物富集体,最终通过该综合物探法为地质钻探工程的部署提供依据。     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗查干此老金矿床地质特征及成因

查干此老金矿位于内蒙古自治区乌拉特中旗境内,为岩浆热液型金矿床。该文系统阐述了查干此老金矿区地层、构造及岩浆岩特征,详细介绍了金矿床地质特征。通过对查干此老矿床的地质特征、控矿因素及矿床成因的系统研究,认为矿区的金矿化类型以含金石英脉型为主,兼有破碎蚀变岩型。金矿体赋存于二叠纪斜长花岗岩及志留纪蚀变闪长岩中的石英脉、碎裂岩带及糜棱岩带中,其产状、形态、规模严格受NE向断裂构造带控制,未受后期构造影响。该文对查干此老金矿床的构造背景、物质来源进行了研究,确定了该矿床的成矿模式,对该区的金矿成矿预测,深部及外围找矿工作具有一定的指导意义。     

Prediction research of deformation modulus of weak rock zone under in-situ conditions

Weak rock zone (soft interlayer, fault zone and soft rock) is the highlight of large-scale geological engineering research. It is an important boundary for analysis of rock mass stability. Weak rock zone has been formed in a long geological period, and in this period, various rocks have undergone long-term consolidation of geostatic stress and tectonic stress; therefore, under in-situ conditions, their density and modulus of deformation are relatively high. Due to its fragmentary nature, once being exposed to the earth’s surface, the structure of weak rock zone will soon be loosened, its density will be reduced, and its modulus of deformation will also be reduced significantly. Generally, weak rock zone can be found in large construction projects, especially in the dam foundation rocks of hydropower stations. These rocks cannot be eliminated completely by excavation. Furthermore, all tests nowadays are carried out after the exposure of weak rock zone, modulus of deformation under in-situ conditions cannot be revealed. In this paper, a test method explored by the authors has been introduced. This method is a whole multilayered medium deformation method. It is unnecessary to eliminate the relatively complete rocks covering on weak rock zone. A theoretical formula to obtain the modulus of deformation in various mediums has also been introduced. On-site comparative trials and indoor deformation modulus tests under equivalent density conditions have been carried out. We adopted several methods for the prediction researches of the deformation modulus of weak rock zone under in-situ conditions, and revealed a fact that under in-situ conditions, the deformation modulus of weak rock zone are several times higher than the test results obtained after the exposure. In a perspective of geological engineering, the research findings have fundamentally changed peoples’ concepts on the deformation modulus of weak rock zone, provided important theories and methods for precise definition of deformation modulus of deep weak rock zone under cap rock conditions, as well as for reasonable engineering applications.     

Drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test for underground powerhouse in Pushihe pumped storage hydro-plant

Usually the water head of the pumped storage hydro-plant is high, generally up to 400-500 m, therefore the rock mass under the high-pressure bifurcation pipe have to bear as high as millions Pascal water pressure, in according with the requirements of high water head pumped storage hydro-plant should be 1.2 times of the water head special high-pressure packer permeability test compared with normal to test the permeability of rock and rock cleavage pressure value. The test results on the choice of design options often play a decisive role. Based on the engineering practice, the authors studied the drillhole high-pressure packer permeability test in the pumped storage hydro-plant's underground powerhouse, by the analysis of test results, this article offers a demonstration of the deformation of rock fracture witch under building in the condition of high-pressure water head, it provides a more detailed engineering geological background.     

安徽省濉溪县三铺地区秦楼铜金矿地质特征及找矿标志

秦楼铜金矿是三铺地区以金为主的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,位于安徽省濉溪县四铺乡秦楼村北部。矿区位于三铺岩体北接触带东端,岩体复杂,接触带及围岩层间裂隙为主要控矿构造。通过对秦楼铜金矿地质特征及矿床特征的认识,结合矿床物探异常特征,系统总结了三铺地区铜金多金属矿地质和物探找矿标志。研究表明:寒武纪中上统碳酸盐岩地层是三铺地区铜金多金属矿重要的赋矿层位;燕山期早白垩世的中酸性侵入体是寻找铜金多金属矿重要的标志;矿体赋存于局部磁异常的边部、局部磁异常梯级带上及布格重力异常梯级带上,为本区寻找铜金矿床指明了方向。     

铜冶店-孙祖断裂成因机制与控岩控矿研析

铜冶店孙祖断裂展布方向与区域上基底岩石的条带展布方向一致,该断裂规模巨大,总体上分为6段,作为构造单元边界的分划性断裂往往深切上地幔或下地壳,从而成为深部岩浆和矿液的上升通道。它控制着该区成矿带或成矿区的分布,金牛山岩体、矿山岩体、铁铜沟岩体、铜井岩体等中基性—中性—中偏碱性(中偏酸性)杂岩体亦是受铜冶店孙祖及其次级断裂或与其他构造复合部位控制。该断裂经历了多期活动,早期活动控制着两侧地质体的分布,晚期活动对各种含矿热液的运移和富集起着不同程度的控制作用,是铁、铜、金矿成矿作用的有机组成部分,“构造、地层、岩体”三要素是形成接触交代(矽卡岩)型铁矿等矿床必不可少的控矿因素。该断裂活动提供了成矿物质和流体迁移、聚集的热力和动力,提供了成矿物质运移和沉淀的空间场所,其所控制的矽卡岩型铁矿床及中低温热液金、铜等矿床,多集中于铜冶店孙祖断裂鹿野前孤山段,该断裂具“构造控矿,分段富集(走向、倾向)”的特点。     

基于三维激光扫描的危岩体清除治理设计

危岩体崩塌是地质灾害的常见形式,对人口密集区域和工程施工威胁很大,因此需要对其进行加固或者清除。此类地质灾害多分布在山区,由于地形复杂、植被茂密,传统的测量方法耗时、耗力且数据误差大。三维激光扫描技术具有快速和非接触的特点,它能辅助内业设计人员分析识别危岩体存在,为危岩体稳定性分析提供精确、多元化的基础数据,为设计方案工程量计算和投资预算提供精确数值。文中结合工程实例介绍了三维激光扫描的作业方法,以及辅助危岩体清除治理设计的全过程,为以后类似项目提供一定参考。     

十堰至天水高速公路磨河村隧道工程地质条件分析

通过对隧址区地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、岩土体工程地质特征等的调查,结合工程物探、地质钻探,岩体物理力学试验和地质测绘等勘察成果,分析了隧道洞身及进出口处围岩的稳定性,指出隧道施工过程中可能会遇到的工程地质问题,并提出了超前地质预报、支护、预防地质灾害、保护生态环境等施工措施和建议。     

Stability analysis of left bank at Tengzigou Hydropower Station

The stability analysis is one of the chief problems at hydropower stations.The Tengzigou Hydropower Station is a significant project in Southwest China.The authors analyzed the engineering geological features and evaluated the stability of rock mass on left bank.For determining the parameters of rock mass stability on left bank,we adopted the method of numerical value calculation according to the theory of rigidity limited equilibrium,which will provide the theoretical evidences for this project.     

Stability analysis of left bank at Tengzigou Hydropower Station

The stability analysis is one of the chief problems at hydropower stations. The Tengzigou Hydropower Station is a significant project in Southwest China. The authors analyzed the engineering geological features and evaluated the stability of rock mass on left bank. For determining the parameters of rock mass stability on left bank, we adopted the method of numerical value calculation according to the theory of rigidity limited equilibrium, which will provide the theoretical evidences for this project.     

新疆CHE水利枢纽渗流条件下岩质边坡稳定性分析究

基于GEOSTUDIO软件,运用统计岩体力学理论,对新疆CHE水利枢纽不同工况下的边坡稳定性进行分析。结果表明：研究区工程地质条件复杂,断层、挤压破碎带及岩脉广泛发育,左右岸均存在5组优势结构面;对左右岸参数敏感性分析,两岸强卸荷岩体的粘聚力c对应的稳定性系数的曲线斜率远大于摩擦角φ对应的稳定性系数的曲线斜率,因此在一定范围内,坡体稳定性对粘聚力c值的变化更为敏感;研究区边坡在自然条件、蓄水条件及库水快速降升条件稳定系数K>1,即边坡处于稳定状态。     

山东齐河-禹城富铁矿区李屯岩体地质特征初探

近年来,山东省齐河-禹城地区矽卡岩型铁矿找矿工作取得了重大进展,但对控矿岩体的研究相对薄弱,该文对岩体的基本地质特征、形成演化及其与成矿的关系进行了系统研究。研究表明,李屯岩体平面形态呈不对称“马蹄”形,总体产状E倾,垂向形态呈“驼峰”状,侵位于奥陶系和石炭-二叠系等地层内。岩性主要为角闪闪长岩、辉石闪长岩、石英闪长岩及辉长岩等。远矿闪长岩属钙碱性系列,为富钙、富镁、贫铁的过铝质岩石;近矿闪长岩因热液影响显示为低钾系列,为贫钾、富钙、贫铁、贫镁的过铝质岩石。形成时代为早白垩世,在华北克拉通岩石圈减薄与克拉通破坏构造背景下,深部岩浆沿齐广断裂上侵,在断裂东侧的奥陶纪及石炭-二叠纪等地层拉张空间就位,后经构造抬升、剥蚀,形成现在的分布格局。岩体不仅控制了富铁矿体的产出,同时为其提供了成矿物质来源。