北山地区残留盆地砂岩型铀成矿潜力分析

北山地区位于天山-兴蒙造山带北山褶皱带内,由7个大小不同的中-新生代沉积盆地组成,晚白垩世以来,本区长期处于隆升状态,下白垩统遭受剥蚀,现今为残留盆地。文章通过盆地沉积-构造演化的研究,分析了各盆地填充物和成矿有利层位,确定下白垩统下沟组为主要找矿目的层。对比各盆地下沟组残留厚度、规模和岩性-岩相特征,分析铀矿化特征和控矿因素,认为总口子盆地、公婆泉盆地和黑鹰山盆地下沟组残留厚度大,有利相带保存较好,潜水及层间氧化带发育,且在氧化带上下翼发现有较好的铀矿化,显示层间氧化带型找矿潜力较大;扎格高脑盆地下沟组不整合于富铀岩体之上,底部发育厚层砂体,岩体风化壳厚度大,且后生氧化作用强烈,显示具有古河道砂岩型铀矿找矿前景。     

二连盆地脑木根凹陷沉积型铀矿成矿特征

二连盆地乌兰察布坳陷是我国重要的沉积型铀矿成矿区,脑木根凹陷为二连盆地乌兰察布坳陷南缘的一个次级凹陷,其中的下白垩统赛汉组沉积了一套三角洲-湖泊相含煤碎屑岩建造,具备铀成矿基本条件。通过对煤田钻孔资料"二次开发",配合钻探验证,在下白垩统赛汉组中圈定了连续稳定的放射性异常区。发现了潜水氧化型和同沉积泥岩型铀矿成矿类型,研究区铀矿化主要受古气候、成矿期砂体沉积特征、铀源、后生氧化作用等多重因素的控制。建立了研究区潜水氧化叠合同沉积泥岩型铀矿成矿模式。     

中国北西部东段中新生代盆地砂岩型铀矿找矿目标类型探讨

本文在综合分析中国北西部东段地质构造背景、中新生代盆地构造-沉积演化特征及砂岩型铀成矿条件的基础上，明确提出上三叠统、中下侏罗统、下白垩统、上新统为该区砂岩型铀矿找矿主要目的层；造山带山间盆地局部层间氧化带型、潜水氧化带型、潜水-层间氧化带过渡型、古层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿是主攻目标类型。进一步指出了主要目标类型的找矿有利地区。     

兴蒙地区中- 新生代盆地铀成矿特征、机理及其动力学背景研究进展

兴蒙地区发育多个盆地,盆地主要类型为叠合型和克拉通型,且盆地内发现了一系列铀矿床。在大量钻孔资料编录整理、编图研究等基础上,笔者阐述了各盆地发育的大地构造背景,盆地的构造、沉积充填、还原介质、流体作用和铀矿化等特征,讨论了铀成矿的构造动力学过程。在此基础上,笔者提出了铀成矿作用发生于盆地特定的构造演化阶段,一定大地构造背景下发育的富铀基底地层、岩浆岩等控制了成矿物质来源,造就了规模宏大的铀成矿域、成矿省及成矿区带。盆地在断陷、坳陷及克拉通阶段发育了还原建造和铀储层的组合类型,构造反转使得盆地不同部位遭受剥蚀,形成剥蚀窗口;剥蚀窗口主要发育于盆地的边缘、凸起和凹陷的结合部位。随着剥蚀抬升,深部油气、煤成气等向剥蚀隆升区运移和逸散。在铀成矿流体与还原介质的氧化还原作用下,形成潜水、潜水- 层间氧化带和层间氧化带,同时形成铀矿体。盆地内铀成矿作用类型为①潜水、潜水- 层间和层间氧化作用;②同沉积成矿;③构造热事件叠加成矿;④多种流体混合作用成矿。在综合中新生代兴蒙地区不同阶段大地构造演化与铀成矿作用特征研究基础上,作者阐述了各盆地的地质特征和相应的铀成矿机理,建立了兴蒙地区铀成矿动力学模型。     

二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷宝拉格地区赛汉组层序地层与砂岩型铀成矿关系

赛汉塔拉凹陷是二连盆地主要的油-煤-铀富集凹陷之一,近年来在凹陷北东部宝拉格地区落实了一处砂岩型铀矿产地。文章应用层序地层学基本理论,以典型钻孔为例对宝拉格地区含矿建造赛汉组进行了沉积旋回划分和剖面对比,并结合地震资料,在下白垩统赛汉组中识别出3个层序界面,以此将赛汉组划分为1个长期旋回、4个中期旋回,建立了研究区下白垩统赛汉组层序地层格架。通过层序内部沉积体系、砂体、氧化带及铀矿化特征研究,提出赛汉组下段扇三角洲砂体、赛汉组上段辫状河三角洲砂体在垂向上相互叠置,在平面上具有一定的连通性,砂岩渗透性好,富含有机质,有利于垂向的潜水氧化、侧向的潜水-层间氧化和层间氧化作用发育。潜水-层间氧化带发育在赛汉组上段下降体系域（FST）中,矿体主要赋存于辫状河三角洲平原-前缘（水下）分流河道砂体中,层间氧化带发育在赛汉组下段湖侵-高位体系域（TST-HST）中,矿体主要赋存于扇三角洲平原-前缘（水下）分流河道砂体中,具有较大的勘探潜力。     

酒东盆地北缘下白垩统沉积环境与铀成矿作用

通过对酒东盆地中新生代沉积构造演化、下白垩统目的层沉积环境和后生铀矿化特征等综合分析，确认下白垩统新民堡群第一岩组上段为该区主要找矿目的层位；铀矿化主要与冲积扇一扇三角洲平原沉积环境相关；铀矿化聚集部位受构造相对抬升块段及其内部相对低洼的向斜构造控制。初步认为该区找矿主攻类型为潜水氧化带型和潜水一层问氧化过渡型砂岩铀矿。     

内蒙古二连盆地乌兰察布坳陷白垩系特征及铀成矿类型

根据近年在二连盆地乌兰察布坳陷构造类型、沉积体系等方面取得的研究成果,结合前人在本区不同层位发现了不同成因类型的铀矿化,期待企望建立盆地不同构造演化阶段沉积特征与铀成矿类型之间的有机联系。研究认为本区具备多个有利的铀成矿层位和多种铀成矿类型,其中,上白垩统二连组发育冲积(扇)平原和湖泊沉积体系,有利于形成沉积成岩型铀矿床;下白垩统巴彦花群赛汉组发育河流和沼泽沉积体系,有利于形成古河谷型铀矿床;下白垩统巴彦花群腾格尔组发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积体系,有利于形成同沉积叠加潜水—层间氧化改造型铀矿床。     

内蒙古二连盆地呼仁布其凹陷白垩系铀矿化特征与找矿远景

二连盆地是我国煤炭、油气、铀矿等资源的重要勘查基地,其中砂岩型铀矿的找矿方向和找矿突破一直是盆地铀资源勘查的重点。呼仁布其凹陷为二连盆地北部巴音宝力格隆起上的一个次级凹陷,为一相对独立的地质构造单元,在古生代基底之上沉积了厚层的中新生代地层,其中下白垩统赛汉组沉积了一套扇三角洲-湖泊相的含煤碎屑岩建造,地层埋深浅、厚度稳定,发育泥-砂-泥结构,砂体较发育,岩石具有黑色和灰色原生地球化学特征,具备铀矿成矿基本条件。本文以煤田钻孔资料"二次开发"作为铀矿勘查新思路,对凹陷中部地区收集的煤田钻孔测井成果开展了综合研究,在下白垩统赛汉组中圈定出规模较大且连续的放射性异常,显示出较好的找矿前景。通过对呼仁布其凹陷大地构造条件、铀源、地层-岩相、岩性、古气候与地貌、古水文地质特征等的系统分析,择优重点选择煤田铀异常孔进行钻孔验证,发现了具有工业意义的铀矿孔,在赛汉组中发现了两个稳定的铀矿化层,第一层铀矿化受到潜水氧化带的控制,位于潜水氧化带界面底部的泥岩中,为垂向氧化型成矿类型;第二层铀矿化受到层间氧化作用的控制,为典型的侧向氧化层间氧化型成矿类型。指出煤田钻孔伽马异常高值区可作为下一步铀矿勘查工作的方向。     

松辽盆地西南部钱家店矿田板状铀矿体成矿条件、特征及模式

松辽盆地西南部钱家店矿田是上白垩统原生红杂色陆源碎屑建造中多重流体耦合叠加作用的产物。根据前人研究成果及最新勘探结果,文章重新系统地总结了该矿田的铀源、构造、沉积建造、水文地质、古气候、后生氧化及深部流体改造等关键铀成矿条件和特征,探讨了板状铀矿体的成因。区内矿床的主要含矿层为半干旱-干旱古气候条件下形成的青山口组和姚家组红杂色建造,内外部的铀源和还原剂均丰富,灰色层控制显著,深部热液和油气流体叠加改造作用明显,地下水具有多向补给,并沿构造剥蚀天窗或断裂统一方向排泄;含矿层中氧化带与矿体总体存在断陷中央“脱节”式和断陷边缘“两红夹一灰”式两种空间展布特征。基于断坳转换型叠合盆地“牛角式”构造-沉积演化特征,初步构建了上白垩统超覆式坳陷层的“基底角度不整合界面、辫状河道灰色砂体、后生氧化带、深部流体及天窗或断裂泄水构造”五位一体的板状铀矿体成矿模式:(1)下白垩统生油含煤断陷沉积建造形成期;(2)泉头期-嫩江期超覆式沉积建造形成和成岩期;(3)嫩江期末-古近纪多重流体耦合叠加层间氧化主成矿期;(4)新近纪表生流体潜水渗入叠加改造期。     

西宁盆地北缘白垩系砂岩型铀矿成矿条件及找矿前景分析

文章通过对西宁盆地北缘包马庄-五峰镇一带的构造演化特征、蚀源区铀源条件、含矿目的层特征、水文地质条件、后生蚀变特征、铀矿化特征及白垩系沉积建造特征进行系统分析,结合研究区钻孔连井剖面等资料,综合探讨了西宁盆地北缘砂岩型铀成矿环境及条件,认为盆缘的富铀花岗岩体为沉积盆地提供了丰富的铀源,中生代后期构造反转形成的剥蚀天窗为含铀含氧水的渗入、渗出提供了通道。盆地北缘斜坡带包马庄-五峰镇一带辫状河三角洲前缘水下分支河道微相发育部位是该区砂岩型铀矿找矿的重点方向,下白垩统河口群为主要找矿目标层位,找矿类型以层间氧化带型为主,次为潜水氧化带型。研究区各种成矿要素匹配良好,具备形成中型以上的砂岩型铀成矿潜力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with