绥化市可持续发展系统的趋势分析

在全面性、简明性和系统性的基础上,建立了绥化市可持续发展趋势评价的指标体系,并对该区域1990~2002年的可持续发展趋势和可持续发展系统能力进行了定量评价。趋势评价指在确定的指标体系下,采用复杂系统综合评价的方法分析区域可持续发展系统各方面的综合发展的状况、趋势和可持续发展的程度或水平,并用相应测度和标准去衡量或者比较。绥化市可持续发展的趋势分析结果表明,该市的经济和社会发展状态稳定,人口发展、环境污染和资源占有趋势一直呈现比较波动的状态,特别是资源占有指数在2000年才呈现恢复上升的趋势.究其原因主要在于2000年之前的"高消耗"的传统经济发展模式。环境-发展综合指数与资源-发展综合指数有着相同的变化趋势,20世纪90年代初,,因为环境污染和资源消耗都比较严重,同时社会经济发展水平都比较低造成二者数值都比较高。1998年后,逐渐进入环境质量提高,资源消耗量下降的时期,环境污染、资源消耗与发展的综合指数越来越低,同时也可以说明绥化市的可持续发展的能力在不断提高。     

基于生态效率的区域可持续发展测度——以江苏省为例

生态效率是区域资源能源利用效率及环境污染效益的综合表征指标,它是区域可持续发展状态的合适测度。基于生态效率理论,对江苏省2007—2016年生态效率及其变化轨迹进行实证研究。研究发现:1)江苏省各指标的资源效率多呈现下降态势;江苏省实现了粉尘、COD和SO_2 3种污染物的减排,但大气和水的环境压力仍持续上升;2)江苏省综合资源效率与环境效率处于较为剧烈的波动中,生态效率演变呈现W型趋势;3)江苏省生态效率处于不断波动的状态,先走A→B→D发展模式,后走A→C→D发展模式;4)江苏省经济发展与环境压力的脱钩状态不稳定,主要表现为强脱钩、弱脱钩和扩张性复钩3种状态;5)粉尘排放量、SO_2排放量和COD为关键因子,三者对江苏省可持续发展的制约最大。     

新时期中国区域发展状态的比较研究

９０年代以来,特别是“八五”计划期间,我国经济超高速增长。尽管各地区的社会经济取得了巨大进步,但各地的人口、资源与环境问题却逐渐显露。从区域的可持续发展的观战出发,建立了全国的区域发展指标体系,对全国３１个省市区的经济发展、社会进步、资源与环境保障及区域发展能力进行了综合评价。阐述了我国新时期经济高速增长条件下各省市区的区域发展状态。     

辽中地区矿业城市生态系统脆弱性研究

辽中地区矿业城市是中国重要的能源生产和重工业基地,研究其生态系统脆弱性有助于改善该区域环境恶化、生态系统失调的状况,为其可持续发展提供决策依据。基于矿业城市复合生态系统内涵,建立了辽中地区矿业脆弱性评价指标体系,提出生态系统协调度,并设定了其脆弱性和协调性分级标准。结果表明:2005年,辽中地区矿业城市生态系统脆弱性处于亚稳定状态,主要限制因子为资源匹配指数、环境质量指数和经济发展指数;辽中地区矿业城市生态系统间处于亚协调状态,其中本溪略低于亚协调,处于低度失调状态。鞍山的资源匹配指数处于较失调状态,抚顺、本溪的资源匹配指数处于失调状态,抚顺、本溪的经济发展指数处于较失调状态,是限制整个生态系统协调发展的主要原因。该评价模型较真实的反映了辽中地区矿业城市生态系统脆弱性、协调性状况,并且提出了制约其发展主要限制因子。     

云南省土地综合承载能力空间差异研究

土地资源承载力是区域人口、资源与环境可持续发展评价的重要指标。结合云南省实际情况,从水土资源、生态环境、社会资源和经济技术4个方面选取了20个评价指标构建土地综合承载力的评价指标体系,采用均方差决策赋权法、综合指数法对云南省2008年的土地综合承载力状况进行综合评价。结果显示,依照土地综合承载力评价结果将云南省划分为4大类型承载区域,整体上呈现了西北、东南、东北地区土地综合承载力指数值较低,逐渐向中部一带增高,其空间分异特征较明显,具有一定的地域相近性。进而分析了造成此空间差异的原因并提出了相应的对策与建议,为改善云南省土地综合承载力状况,谋求可持续发展提供参考。     

全国资源环境承载能力监测预警(2014版)学术思路与总体技术流程

建立资源环境承载能力监测预警机制,是全面深化改革的一项创新性工作。从资源环境承载能力的科学内涵出发,以区域可持续发展为指向,探究资源、环境等构成的承载体——自然基础同承载对象——人类生产生活活动之间形成的"压力-状态-响应"过程,提出资源环境承载能力预警是从资源环境约束上限或人口经济合理规模等关键阈值开展的超载预警,以及从自然基础条件变化或资源利用和环境影响变化态势开展的过程预警的学术思路。在探讨承载能力预警指标体系选取原则的基础上,构建陆域和海域差异化的预警指标体系和总体技术流程。采用土地资源压力、水资源利用强度、环境胁迫程度、植被盖度变化作为基础指标进行地域全覆盖评价;针对城市化地区、农业地区、牧业地区、生态地区,分别选择灰霾污染程度、耕地面积增减状况、草蓄平衡指数、生态环境质量变化状态作为专项指标,确定各类专项指标的关键阈值并进行分类评价;最后进行复合,形成在鲜明主体功能定位指向下的差别化评价方法、取得具有一致性表达的评价结果,并开展资源利用效率和环境污染压力两方面的过程评价,以辅助反映中国资源环境承载能力和可持续发展能力预警状态,为提出限制性措施建议和完善监测预警机制提供科学依据。     

甘肃省区域发展的资源环境基础评价

应用资源环境要素综合评价指标,选取决定区域社会经济发展最为关键的5大资源,对甘肃省经济社会发展的资源环境基础及其相互协调状态进行了测算评价。结果表明:①甘肃省资源环境要素的自然禀赋状况薄弱,且要素空间组合结构不合理;资源结构的稳定性差,生态系统脆弱,尤其是水资源,成为制约经济社会发展的关键因子。②目前,甘肃省人地关系演进状态系数较低,多年平均值为0.0337,然而,随着人口增长与经济发展,加之本来脆弱的生态系统的硬性约束,未来人地关系协调状况将进入全面紧张阶段,到2020年人地关系演进状态系数将达到0.2577。③区域发展政策的相应调整和自身发展能力的提升是实现经济社会与资源环境协调发展的必然要求。     

区域自然资源可持续开发利用评价指标体系构建

可持续发展是当今社会的主调,资源与环境是人类赖以生存和发展的一个极其重要的因素。经济的可持续发展是人类社会经济、资源、环境协调发展的结果,然而要带来这个结果就首先必须做到区域自然资源的可持续开发利用。作者针对区域的特征,从区域社会经济与区域资源和环境的相互关系出发,从可持续的本质概念进行分析,拓展认识和界定了区域自然资源的开发利用和区域环境承受能力的内涵意义。基于区域自然资源可持续开发利用程度的功能过程,考虑区域社会调节活动对区域自然资源开发利用过程的影响,构建了一个以指标层变量、分类层指标和目标层指数3个等级层次体系的、并适用性较强的区域自然资源可持续开发利用评价指标体系。     

面向空间开发利用的土地资源承载力评价技术

开展区域土地资源承载力评价技术研究,对区域经济社会的可持续发展以及党中央提出的“五位一体”发展思路顺利实现具有重要意义。本文从空间开发利用角度出发,综合考虑对土地开发建设影响显著的因子,运用分步式算法测算适宜建设用地规模及分布,确定土地合理开发强度及分布区域,通过分析现状开发状态与合理开发状态之间的差异评价区域承载状况。并以京津冀地区为例开展案例研究,结果表明：现状开发状态与合理开发状态之间的关系能够有效地反映土地资源承载开发利用的状态;同时以承载建设开发行为为明确承载对象,有显著的政策指向,为精细化、差异化制定空间格局优化调控政策提供了可能。本文从面向国土空间开发利用优化应用出发提出的承载力评价路径,可为中国制定和完善承载力评价相关技术规范提供一些新思路。     

鲁甸地震灾后重建的综合地理分析与对策研讨

地震灾区是地表各圈层相互作用最剧烈、人地关系最紧张的区域。深入开展综合地理研究对于协调这一区域的人地关系,促进区域可持续发展有着重大的意义。本文首先对鲁甸灾前的资源环境特点与区域发展特征进行了评价和分析,发现该地区生态环境脆弱、人口密度大、贫困面广、生产生活对资源的依赖程度高、资源环境长期处于超载状态。进而,针对性地提出了尽早启动资源环境承载能力评价,科学制定重建规划,体制机制创新,以及开展整个青藏高原边缘地带及近邻地区的防灾减灾系统研究和整体规划等对策建议。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Journal of Resources and Ecology Total Contents of Volume 5, 2014

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BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .