水稻净光合的模拟研究

根据农业气象学和植物生理学的基本原理，利用人工气候箱盆栽试验观测资料，建立了水稻净光合模拟模型，确定了模型有关参数，探讨了水稻叶片的净光合能力与温度、光照等气象条件之间的本质联系，为研究水稻植株干物质积累、分配规律和产量预报提供了理论依据。     

水稻产量预测的数值模拟方法研究

本文在1983年试验研究的基础上,进一步探讨了水稻生长与产量形成的数值模拟方法。对1983年试验建立的水稻叶、茎、根、穗等器官生长模式用梯形近似法求解得出描述水稻生长和产量形成过程的递推表达式;对水稻群体同化能力、同化物分配转移规律也进行了初步研究;并用最优化方法确定出模式参数的最优解,模拟了1984年水稻生长发育和产量形成过程。     

土壤-作物-大气连续体水分循环与作物生产关系的模拟模式研究

从土壤-作物-大气连续体（SPAC）的水分循环出发，以冬小麦为例，通过对土壤水分动态和有关作物生长过程的模拟，建立作物水分消耗与干物质积累和产量形成关系的动力-统计模式。经3年试验资料的验证，总干重、籽粒产量和根层土壤水分含量的平均模拟误差分别为6.39%，5.60%和5.45%。发育期、叶面积动态和干物质积累动态的模拟与实测情况吻合得也较好。     

水稻生长和产量形成的数值模式

水稻生长和产量形成与外界环境条件之间有着密切关系。本文通过作物光合作用、呼吸作用两个生理过程,把水稻生长与环境条件有机地联系起来,对水稻生长过程进行定量的数学描述。本文探讨了水稻生长过程中干物质的分配规律,建立了水稻器官干物质积累过程、光合作用、呼吸作用、叶面积动态变化等模式。尽管还不够完善,但用它计算模拟水稻生长与产量形成的结果是较为满意的。     

系统优化理论在CERES－大豆模式品种参数求解中的应用

根据田间试验资料，采用多维非线性单纯形法搜索求解模式中的品种参数，比较全面地评价了ＣＥＲＥＳ－大豆模式（ＳＯＹＧＲＯＶ５．４１）对我国大豆生长过程及其产量形成的模拟效果。结果表明：（１）若仅考虑某一单项的模拟效果，如发育期或收获产量等，而不涉及其余项目，则可以调整有关参数得到相当满意的模拟结果；若考虑所有模拟输出项的模拟效果，则其精度明显下降，相对误差在１０％～６０％之间。（２）对于某些生长过程，如叶面积指数动态和地上部分于物重的增重过程等，用ＣＥＲＥＳ大豆模式模拟得到的时间趋势与实例资料有较大差别；而对籽粒增重的模拟效果较好。     

不同的酸雨处理对冬小麦净光合速率的影响

以冬小麦(皖麦68)为研究对象,采用大田及盆栽的培育方式,按照不同浓度将酸雨分为CK(pH5.6)、T1(pH4.0)、T2(p H2.5)三组,探究酸雨对小麦不同生育期净光合速率的影响。结果表明,随着模拟酸雨p H值的减小,小麦净光合速率受到抑制加强。整个小麦生长周期中T2处理下小麦净光合速率较CK处理降幅均显著,其中开花期的降幅达到极显著,而T1处理较CK处理净光合速率虽然有所降低,但不显著。小麦生长期间,中午时段会出现"光合午休"现象,此时会有效抑制小麦的净光合速率。     

作物模拟模型在农业气象业务应用中的研究初探

针对农业气象业务的需求，利用东北地区1971～2000年5个代表气象站的气象资料和作物资料，应用玉米生长模拟模型评估东北区域气象条件对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响。探讨了作为评价标准的平均气候状态下平均模拟生物量的确定方法，提出了从生物量变化、温度和水分条件影响等方面进行实时动态评价和全生育期农业气象条件综合评价的方法，给出了实际评价个例。验证结果表明该方法是可行的。     

1994年大田作物生长季农业气象条件分析

１９９４年大田作物生长季农业气象条件分析郝文俊（内蒙古自治区农牧业气象中心）我区大田作物以玉米、糜谷、莜麦、马铃薯等为主，在其生育期间，光、温、水等气象条件及其相互配置的好坏直接影响和制约着作物生长发育及产量形成。在今年大田作物生长季内，光照条件基本...     

1997年玉米生长动态模拟研究田间试验结果初报

1试验目的“气候异常对国民经济影响评估业务系统的研究”是国家“九五”重点攻关课题,其中专题为“气候异常对我国农业生产影响评估模型的研究”的子专题“气候异常对我国东北玉米生产影响评估模型的研究”由吉林省气象研究所承担。为此,从1997年开始,我们在榆树市设立了玉米生长模拟田间试验,开展了“东北玉米生长动态模拟模型试验研究”,进行了生物量和气象条件同步观测,分析研究气候变化对玉米各器官（根、茎、叶及果穗等）生长及对产量形成的影响,最终建立更符合实际的玉米生长动态模拟模型,以便于根据气候变化采取农业生产管…     

水稻群体动态预测与栽培决策

本文以作物计算机模拟技术为基础，根据天气，土壤，苗情，模拟预测水稻群体的发育群、茎蘖消长、叶面积动态、光合生产与产量形成。     

春小麦生长简化模拟模式研究

本文通过数值模拟试验，构建了描述作物光合作用、呼吸作用、叶面积动态变化以及干物质累积与分配等生长过程与气象条件关系的数学方程。在此基础上初步研制了水分、营养满足条件下的春小麦生长简化模拟模型。检验表明，此简化生长模型的模拟效果良好。     

基于冬小麦农业气候分区的WOFOST模型参数标定

以1981-2010年河南省113个气象观测站影响冬小麦生长及产量形成的主要气象因素为区划指标,利用K均值聚类算法,将河南省划分为5个农业气候生态区.根据2013-2017年地面农业气象观测数据,利用Sobol全局敏感性分析方法,各分区选择总敏感指数大于0.01的作物参数,得到9种敏感参数.以产量与叶面积指数为代价函数...     

温度对玉米生长和发育综合影响的评价模型

根据玉米分期播种发育期观测资料和干物质累积及籽粒干物质累积资料,求出玉米发育期的热量指标,在此基础上建立光合作用模型,温度、水分对光和作用影响模型和呼吸及物质转运模型;建立温度对玉米发育进程和物质积累的综合评价模型,并用该模型评价发育进程中温度对发育和物质积累的影响,以及对成熟度和产量的影响,从而为评价温度变化对作物的影响提供依据。     

不同方法在湖南省早稻产量动态预报中的比较

为了提高产量趋势预报的准确性和定量预报的准确率,利用1962—2002年气象、早稻产量和田间观测资料,建立基于气候适宜度、关键气象因子、作物生长模型的湖南省早稻产量动态预报方法,进行回代检验;并利用2003—2012年资料进行预报检验。分析表明:3种方法的预报准确率比较接近,平均在93.8%以上;基于气候适宜度预报方法的趋势预报准确性最高,较基于关键气象因子的预报方法高4%~6%;基于作物生长模型预报方法的误差5%以内样本百分率最高,较基于气候适宜度的预报方法高2%~20%。研究结果为湖南省早稻产量动态预报筛选出了较优的方法,即产量趋势预报选用基于气候适宜度的方法,定量预报选用基于作物生长模型的方法,同时可供我国其他早稻区的产量动态预报方法研究借鉴。     

Coupling a Terrestrial Biogeochemical Model to the Common Land Model

A terrestrial biogeochemical model (CASACNP) was coupled to a land surface model (the Common Land Model,CoLM) to simulate the dynamics of carbon substrate in soil and its limitation on soil respiration.The combined model,CoLM CASACNP,was able to predict long-term carbon sources and sinks that CoLM alone could not.The coupled model was tested using measurements of belowground respiration and surface fluxes from two forest ecosystems.The combined model simulated reasonably well the diurnal and seasonal variations of net ecosystem carbon exchange,as well as seasonal variation in the soil respiration rate of both the forest sites chosen for this study.However,the agreement between model simulations and actual measurements was poorer under dry conditions.The model should be tested against more measurements before being applied globally to investigate the feedbacks between the carbon cycle and climate change.     

Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric O3 and CO2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat.Part I: Model Description

Ozone is well documented as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants.It is reported that tropospheric O3 concentration increases rapidly in recent 20 years. Evaluating and predicting impacts of ozone concentration changes on crops are drawing great attention in the scientific community. In China, main study method about this filed is controlled experiments, for example, Open Top Chambers. But numerical simulation study about impacts of ozone on crops with crop model was developed slowly, what is more, the study about combined impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide has not been reported.The improved agroecosystem model is presented to evaluate simultaneously impacts of tropospheric O3 and CO2 concentration changes on crops in the paper by integrating algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis with an existing agroecosystem biogeochemical model (named as DNDC). The main physiological processes of crop growth (phenology, leaf area index, photosynthesis, respiration, assimilated allocation and so on) in the former DNDC are kept. The algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis and winter wheat leaf are added in the modified DNDC model in order to reveal impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth, development, and yield formation of winter wheat by coupling the simulation about impacts of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of winter wheat which exists in the former DNDC. In the paper, firstly assimilate allocation algorithms and some genetic parameters (such as daily thermal time of every development stage) were modified in order that DNDC can be applicable in North China. Secondly impacts of ozone on crops were simulated with two different methods-one was impacts of ozone on light use efficiency , and the other was direct effects of ozone on leaves photosynthesis. The latter simulated results are closer to experiment measurements through comparing their simulating results. At last the method of direct impacts of ozone on leaf growth is adopted and the coe cients about impacts of ozone on leaf growth and death are ascertained. Effects of climate changes, increasing ozone, and carbon dioxide concentration on agroecosystem are tried to be simulated numerically in the study which is considered to be advanced and credible.     

Numerical Simulation Study on the Impacts of Tropospheric and CO_2 Concentration Changes on Winter Wheat. Part I: Model Description

Ozone is well documented as the air pollutant most damaging to agricultural crops and other plants. It is reported that tropospheric O3 concentration increases rapidly in recent 20 years. Evaluating and predicting impacts of ozone concentration changes on crops are drawing great attention in the scientific community. In China, main study method about this filed is controlled experiments, for example, Open Top Chambers. But numerical simulation study about impacts of ozone on crops with crop model was developed slowly, what is more, the study about combined impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide has not been reported. The improved agroecosystem model is presented to evaluate simultaneously impacts of tropospheric O3 and CO2 concentration changes on crops in the paper by integrating algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis with an existing agroecosystem biogeochemical model (named as DNDC). The main physiological processes of crop growth (phenology, leaf area index, photosynthesis, respiration, assimilated allocation and so on) in the former DNDC are kept. The algorithms about impacts of ozone on photosynthesis and winter wheat leaf are added in the modified DNDC model in order to reveal impacts of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth, development, and yield formation of winter wheat by coupling the simulation about impacts of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis of winter wheat which exists in the former DNDC. In the paper, firstly assimilate allocation algorithms and some genetic parameters (such as daily thermal time of every development stage) were modified in order that DNDC can be applicable in North China. Secondly impacts of ozone on crops were simulated with two different methods- one was impacts of ozone on light use efficiency, and the other was direct effects of ozone on leaves photosynthesis. The latter simulated results are closer to experiment measurements through comparing their simulating results. At last the method of direct impacts of ozone on leaf growth is adopted and the coefficients about impacts of ozone on leaf growth and death are ascertained. Effects of climate changes, increasing ozone, and carbon dioxide concentration on agroecosystem are tried to be simulated numerically in the study which is considered to be advanced and credible.     

小麦作物光合生产模拟研究

以生物学原理为基础，建立了小麦干物质增长的动态模式。该模式考虑了小麦株型、群体光分布、群体光合作用、呼吸作用及同化物分配。输入简单易测的因子，可计算得到光合速率值、群体光分布特征值、群体光合量、呼吸作用速率以及分部位干物重量等，其计算值与这关测值较吻合。     

作物生长模拟模型在我国农业气象业务中的应用研究进展及思考

近年来我国农业气象科研和业务部门紧密结合,开展了作物生长模拟模型应用于农业气象业务的研究和应用试验工作.基于国外作物生长模拟模型的应用进展以及我国农业气象业务的现状,简要分析了农业气象业务中应用作物生长模拟模型的必要性和紧迫性.针对单点理论模型能否在业务中应用的疑惑,详细讨论了国外引进作物生长模型的本地化和单点理论模型在区域尺度上模拟应用等两个关键问题的重要性和技术方法.重点介绍了近年来我国气象系统农业气象科研和业务部门在推进作物生长模拟模型在农业气象业务应用方面所做的工作,即基于东北玉米、华北小麦和江南双季稻生长模型的气象条件影响评价和产量动态预测方法等.最后从改进完善作物生长模拟模型、探讨区域模拟应用技术及稳健推进业务应用和实施等方面分析了目前存在和出现的问题,以及可能的解决途径.