大水沟碲铋矿床及其周边水系沉积物中碲的共生元素特征与找矿意义

大水沟碲矿床是迄今为止世界唯一碲独立矿床,此类矿床的找矿成为目前研究的一大难题。对研究区域开展1:5万水系沉积物取样,元素分析测试方法采用等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)、原子吸收法(AAS)和发射光谱法(ES)。研究区内Te、Au和Ag均富集,分布极不均匀,局部成矿的可能性很大;而大水沟碲铋矿床及其附近,Te、Bi、Au、Ag的含量均不高,异常均不明显。Te与Bi、Au、Ag存在显著相关性,以Te-Bi-Au-Ag共生元素组合作为碲铋矿找矿的指示元素,w(Te+Bi)/w(Au+Ag)比值异常作为碲矿化异常信息,能有效圈定实质意义的碲铋矿致异常,也为碲铋矿提供新的找矿线索与方向。综合比值异常、地质及构造等信息,选取5个碲铋成矿最有利地段,在部分区域开展异常现场查证时发现有富含Te-Bi的黄铁矿脉(化)。     

叶碲铋矿研究中存在问题分析

叶碲铋矿最初定名为wehrlite，结构式为Bi2 xTe3-x，后于1982年改名为pilsenite，结构式相应改为Bi4Te3。楚碲铋矿(BiTe)的成分介于原叶碲铋矿的成分范围之内。有些研究者仍用原成分确定叶碲铋矿或把楚碲铋矿当作叶碲铋矿，本文旨在提醒研究者注意，避免误用。     

江西盘古山钨矿床的碲化物特征及富集成因

江西盘古山钨矿是一个钨、铋、碲均可综合利用的大型矿床,有关其碲化物的特征及成矿流体的物理化学条件研究尚属空白.文章在整理和总结前人研究成果的基础上,对矿床中碲化物开展了详细的矿相学鉴定、电子探针和流体包裹体测温.结果显示,盘古山钨矿床的碲化物主要有硫碲铋矿A、硫碲铋矿B、应硫碲铋矿、巴硫碲铋矿、硫楚碲铋矿及辉碲铋矿.矿床碲化物由浅至深有依次出现硫碲铋矿A、巴硫碲铋矿、硫碲铋矿B、应硫碲铋矿、硫楚碲铋矿、辉碲铋矿的趋势,矿物逐渐富Te元素而贫Bi、S元素.流体包裹体测温显示碲化物最小捕获温度为152～395℃,碲逸度为-11.0＜1ogf(Te2)＜-7.1,硫逸度为-12.54＜logf(S2)＜-9.39.研究认为,温度和f(S2)的降低,及f(Te2)/f(S2)的相对增大是碲化物沉淀的关键因素.碲化物的空间分带可能是随着成矿流体物化条件的变化导致Bi2S3-PbS矿物系列中Bi被Pb置换、S被Te置换的结果.     

小秦岭金矿田中的两种罕见矿物—碲铅铋矿和自然碲

碲铅铋矿和自然碲产于河南省小秦岭含金石英脉矿床中。碲铅铋矿化学成分平均值(%)为:Te44.06,Bi40.24,Pb14.23,并含有微量的Ag、Au、Hg、Fe、Ni、Cu等元素。理论化学式为(Bi,Pb)_3Te_4,其中Bi>Pb。共生矿物有自然金、碲金矿、破银矿、碲铅矿、碲金银矿、碲铋矿;方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等。 自然碲反射色为纯白微带乳色,非均质性清楚,偏光色为蓝灰-棕灰色。显微硬度为H_v=85.1kg/mm~2(25g)。共生矿物有碲金银矿、碲银矿、黄铜矿等。化学成分中碲含量达98.44％,并含Ag、Cu、W、Fe、Pt等微量元素。     

官田黄铁矿矿床中楚碲铋矿、赫碲铋矿的成因及找矿意义

楚碲铋矿、赫碲铋矿是两种少见矿物 ,其化学成分特征是亏Bi而富S、Au、Cu等杂质 ,它们均呈细小的 (0 .0 5～ 0 .15mm)的嵌晶被包裹在黄铁矿晶体中 ,在黄铁矿 (单矿物 )中含量最高可达 2 30 0 μg/ g ,使其具有重要的综合利用价值。它们的生成是由于两种不同性质的初始热液在运移途中相遇 ,引起碲元素迅速淀积的结果。其化学成分特征反映出S、Au、Cu等都是该区可利用的重要有益组分 ,因此具找矿意义     

胶东牟平-乳山金矿带金青顶金矿碲化物矿物的特征及沉淀机制

通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜并结合能谱分析,在金青顶金矿Ⅱ号矿脉深部除含碲化物碲银矿、碲金银矿和碲铋矿外,首次发现碲金矿的存在,进一步证实了前人对于该矿床中存在碲金矿这一新矿物的推测,也打破了该金矿深部无碲金银矿的传统认识。这些碲化物呈连生体或者细脉状产于黄铁矿等硫化物、石英与黄铁矿裂隙中。在金银碲化物矿物中,Te含量变化较小,Au含量变化较大,与Ag呈负相关,与Bi为正相关。结合金-银-碲矿物成分-共生图解,对金银碲化物矿物的共生组合特征进行了研究。研究表明,Te总是优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有热液中Ag被消耗后才与Au结合形成碲金矿,最后Te被耗尽,矿液中残留很多的Au,从而形成自然金,说明随着成矿过程的演化,成矿热液可能逐渐富金,具体表现为碲银矿-碲金银矿-碲金矿-自然金的析出顺序。     

海南省抱伦金矿床成因——铋熔体捕获金机制

<正>抱伦金矿床位于中国海南省西南部乐东县境内,是一个大型中温热液金矿床。该矿床以含金石英脉为主,蚀变岩型金矿脉次之。金矿脉呈NNW方向分布在志留系浅变质碎屑岩破碎带之中。68个矿石样品的多元素分析结果表明抱伦金矿床具有富Bi高Au的特点,属于Au-Bi-(低Te)-S流体体系。抱伦金矿床的金属矿物有自然金、黑铋金矿、硫铋金矿、自然铋、辉铋矿、辉铅铋矿、斜方辉铅铋矿、硫碲铅矿、硫铋碲矿,伴生矿物以磁黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿为主,还有Fe-闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿等,脉石矿物主要     

冀东峪耳崖金矿床金属矿物特征及其组合意义

峪耳崖金矿床是冀东地区重要的金矿床之一.研究峪耳崖金矿床中金属矿物成分的变化及元素赋存状态,对了解矿床的形成机制及指导找矿具有重要意义.本次工作应用光学显微镜和电子探针(EPMA)对峪耳崖金矿床中的金属矿物进行了研究,并应用氢、氧及硫同位素分析对峪耳崖金矿床的成矿热液来源及硫源进行了探讨.该矿床的载金矿物有石英、黄铁矿、碲铋矿,金矿物为银金矿.其中,黄铁矿的w(S)平均为52.34％,与理论值相比,其普遍亏硫,显示出成矿与热液有关.碲铋矿是本次工作重点研究的载金矿物,与金的产出具关联性.被碲铋矿包裹的银金矿的w(Au)要高于被黄铁矿包裹的银金矿的w(Au).据氢、氧及硫同位素测试结果认为,峪耳崖金矿床的热液来源主要为岩浆水,硫来自深部岩浆源.结合黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、碲铋矿和银金矿等的矿物学特征及组合意义推断,峪耳崖金矿床为中-深成中温岩浆热液矿床,并认为其深部找矿可关注Te、Bi富集异常的区段.     

我国某矿区的铋碲铂矿-铋碲钯矿系列、等轴铋碲钯矿及其分类命名问题

近年来,国内外先后发现了许多Pt—Pd—Te—Bi矿物。本文拟总结我国某矿区的铂族矿物工作,并讨论铋碲铂矿-铋碲钯矿系列、等轴铋碲钯矿的分类与命名。 我国某铜镍硫化物矿床的含矿岩石为细粒变辉长岩、角闪石岩。含矿母岩上下盘的片麻岩也有微弱的矿化。矿石类型以浸染状为主,也有致密块状。主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、黄铜矿;次要矿物有磁铁矿、针镍矿、紫硫镍铁矿、钛铁矿、金红石、铂族矿物、自然金、     

山东乳山金矿中金-银碲化物的矿物学特征与沉淀机理

通过显微鉴定和应用电子探针微束分析,查明乳山金矿中碲化物主要为碲银矿和碲金银矿,少量碲铅矿和碲铋矿,它们呈密切共生的集合体或联生体产出在黄铁矿等硫化物及石英等脉石矿物粒问或裂缝中。碲银矿和碲金银矿中Au含量变化较大,w（Au）为痕量至26．1％,与银呈负相关,与铋为正相关,可能是以类质同象形式替代Ag进入到碲银矿中;碲铅矿中未检测到金。金在金-银碲化物中的含量随温度降低而升高,相关矿物的形成顺序为碲银矿-碲金银矿-（碲金矿）。将金银碲化物成分投到Au-Ag-Te三元成分,共生图解上发现,它们都不是标准成分的端元矿物,推测这些碲化物（尤其是金银碲化物）是在非平衡状态下快速沉淀形成的,可能与含矿浠体的闻歇忡沸腾作用有关。     

四川石棉地区碲成矿地质背景、地球化学特征及其地质意义

大水沟碲矿床作为世界唯一碲独立成矿矿床,从它的偶然发现至今,一直倍受关注,但一直缺乏相关的探寻与对类似碲矿床的地球化学理论方法研究。石棉地区主要富集与基性岩浆活动有关的亲基性场元素或氧化物,Te、Bi成矿元素的整体含量不高,发生不同程度的贫化,碲在二叠系、志留系通化岩组、奥陶系大河边组、震旦系及二叠—三叠纪侵入岩中具有较好的局部富集和成矿潜力。虽然碲矿区内各元素含量水平不高,但Te、Bi平均含量高于石棉地区平均含量,接近西南五省背景值。根据碲成矿地质背景、石棉地区与碲矿区的地球化学特征,建立碲矿的地球化学找矿模型,运用模型为石棉地区提供了最具潜力的碲找矿靶区与方向,部分靶区已发现碲矿脉或矿化。     

Ore prospecting model and targets for the Dashuigou tellurium deposit,Sichuan Province,China

The Dashuigou tellurium (Te) deposit in Shimian city, Sichuan Province is the only known independent Te ore deposit in China. Samples were collected by 1/50,000 stream sediment survey and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, emission spectrometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. An ore prospecting model for the Dashuigou Te deposit was then established. In the Dashuigou area, bismuth (Bi), Te, and gold (Au) concentrations in stream sediment samples displayed weak-positive anomalies, while silver (Ag) displayed a weak-negative anomaly. Bi, Te, Ag, and Au anomalies are regarded as indicators of Te deposits; the greater the ratio of Te?+?Bi/Au?+?Ag, the larger the possibility of an independent tellurobismuthite deposit. The ratio calculated from our samples is 7.288. Five locations were identified for prospecting for Te minerals by this model, including the northern part of the Dashuigou Te deposit, Majiagou, Tizigou, southeastern Miaoping, and northern Baishuihe. These five regions are within the Dashuigou dome anticline, the exposed strata of which are controlled by tracing the tensile shear fracture; the metallogenic geological conditions and geochemical characteristics are the same as those of the known Dashuigou Te deposit. Already, Te–Bi veins have been found in some of these areas.     

四川石棉碲矿床地球化学特征研究

研究了世界首例碲矿床的地球化学特征，特别是微量分散元素碲富集成矿的地球化学条件。此矿床属Ｔｅ－Ｂｉ－Ａｕ－Ａｇ组合型中温热液矿床，矿体为碳酸盐脉和磁黄铁矿脉，矿石平均品位：Ｔｅ５．９８％、Ｂｉ８．０２％、Ａｕ９．７３×１０－６、Ａｇ３７．４５×１０－６。成矿元素Ｔｅ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ主要来源于深部富含ＣＯ２、Ｓ的热流体。此热流体沿深大断裂上升至地壳浅部时，从围岩中浸取了大量的成矿元素Ｂｉ、Ｆｅ等。热液中的硫优先与铁结合生成磁黄铁矿析出，降低了热液中的硫浓度，从而促使分散元素碲与其沉淀剂Ｂｉ、Ａｇ、Ａｕ相结合呈碲铋矿物、碲银矿和碲金矿等独立矿物形式沉淀，并富集成矿。     

黄沙坪铅锌矿床中银矿化组合特征

研究黄沙坪铅锌矿床中银矿化组合表明：与３０１花岗斑岩和３０４花斑岩岩体有关铅（锌）－银－锡－锑矿化组合，银矿化伴随铅矿化出现，其微量元素富Ｓｎ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ，低Ｂｉ、Ｔｅ、Ｍｏ、Ｗｏ、Ｗ为特征；银矿物组合以硫银锡矿－银黄锡矿－深红银矿－螺状硫银矿－硫锑铜银矿组合为特征，与石英斑岩有关的铜（钼）－银－碲矿化组合，铜矿石以高Ｔｅ、Ｂｉ、Ｍｏ和Ｗ，低Ｓｂ为特征，银矿物组合以碲银矿－六方碲银矿－粒碲银组合和硫银铋矿－块辉铋铅银矿－碲银矿组合为特征     

Geochemical reconnaissance survey and environmental assessment for stream sediments of Wadi Um Gier,Southeastern Desert,Egypt

The purposes of this study were to assess the influence of old mining activities on the geochemistry and quality of sediments and to identify the sites of economic elements. Thirty sites of stream sediment were sampled in the study area covered by granitic, metarhyodacitic and meta-andesitic rocks and related tuffs-hosted abandoned Au mine. The suite of chemical elements, Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Mn, Nb, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, Th, U, Y, Zn and Zr, pH value and total organic carbon were determined, and univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were applied. The results show that the enrichment factor (EF) is very high in the case of Te and significant also with respect to Ag, Bi, Cu, Sb, Se, Sn and Zn. Likewise, geoaccumulation indices (Igeos) varied from very highly polluted with Sn and Te, strongly to very strongly polluted with Bi and Se, and moderately polluted with Sb. The polluted sites of Ag, Bi, Sb, Se, Sn and Te were outlined using Igeos maps, and economic sites of Ag and Sn were identified by geochemical maps leading to their sources, which are likely to be mining activities and lithogenic processes. The pollutant elements may cause toxicity in stream sediments, or surface or underground water, as well as plants and animals in the area. This investigation provides an environmental baseline for future monitoring of possible human/anthropogenic, industrial and agricultural impacts on the study area and considers an attempt at re-mining Ag and Sn.     

Tellurium-Bearing Mineralization in Clastic Ores at the Yubileynoe Copper Massive Sulfide Deposit (Southern Urals)

At the well-preserved Yubileynoe VMS deposit (Southern Urals), sulfide breccias and turbidites host abundant tellurides represented by hessite, coloradoite, altaite, volynskite, stützite, petzite, and calaverite, as well as phases of the intermediate tellurobismuthite → rucklidgeite solid solution. Three telluride generations were highlighted: (1) primary hydrothermal tellurides in fragments of chalcopyrite and sphalerite of chalcopyrite-rich black smoker chimneys; (2) authigenic tellurides in pseudomorphic chalcopyrite and chalcopyrite veins after fragments of colloform and granular pyrite; and (3) authigenic tellurides in pyrite nodules. Authigenic tellurides are widespread in pyrite-chalcopyrite turbidites. Primary hydrothermal and authigenic tellurides are less common in sulfide turbidites and gritstones with fragments of sphalerite-pyrite, pyrite-sphalerite paleosmoker chimneys and clasts of colloform and fine-grained seafloor hydrothermal crusts. Siliceous siltstones intercalated with sulfide turbidites contain pyrite nodules, whose peripheral parts contain inclusions of epigenetic tellurides. It is assumed that Te for authigenic tellurides originated from fragments of colloform pyrite and hydrothermal chalcopyrite of pyrite-chalcopyrite chimneys, which dissolved during the postsedimentation processes. The main Te concentrators in clastic ores include pseudomorphic chalcopyrite, which inherits high Te, Bi, Au, Ag, Co, Ni, and As contents from the substituted colloform pyrite, and varieties of granular pyrite containing microinclusions of tellurobismuthite (Bi, Te), petzite (Au, Ag, Te), altaite (Pb, Te), coloradoite, and hessite (Ag, Te).

     

氢化物——无色散原子荧光法测定地质样品中微量硒及碲

在过去的报告中,我们曾详细地报导了有关氢化物——无色散原子荧光光谱法的实验技术及有关装置。目前,我们已将这个方法应用于化探样品中测定微量砷、锑及铋。两年来,在我们的实验室中已分析了近三万个样品。方法简便、快速。     

Distribution,chemical speciation and source of trace elements in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary

To evaluate biogeochemical characteristics, eco-environmental risks and sources of trace elements (TEs: As, Hg, Se, Sb, Te, Sn, Bi and Ge), their total concentrations and chemical speciation in surface sediments collected from the Changjiang Estuary were determined. Total concentrations for As, Hg, Se, Sb, Te, Sn, Bi and Ge were 4.57–30.20, 0.01–0.40, 0.04–0.38, 0.36–1.48, 0.02–0.10, 0.48–6.58, 0.13–0.64 and 0.83–2.43 μg/g, respectively, with higher values at the estuary. This distribution pattern was attributed to the riverine input and high clay and total organic carbon contents. The sequential extraction suggested that TEs mainly occurred in residual fractions. The risk assessment code suggested that As, Hg and Sn were at low risk, whereas Bi, Se, Sb, Te and Ge were at medium risk. The geoaccumulation index (I _geo) and principal component analysis indicated that Se and Sn mainly came from the natural input (crustal and biological inputs), whereas As, Sb, Hg, Bi and Te came from both of the crustal and anthropogenic inputs via atmosphere and rivers. In addition, Ge possibly came from the natural (crustal and biological inputs) and anthropogenic inputs.     

川东建南地区石炭系地震储层预测

川东建南地区上石炭统黄龙组残余厚度一般在0～30 m,岩性以白云岩、石灰岩和角砾岩为主,且以前两类的储集物性较好。白云岩类是工区石炭系最重要的储集层,在白云岩类储层中又以针孔白云岩最好;石灰岩类储层中以角砾状灰岩较好。利用三维地震资料所作的属性定量分析、波阻抗反演及厚度预测等储层预测工作表明,黄龙组储层较围岩具有高阻抗的特点,其中物性最好的针孔白云岩表现为高阻抗背景下的低阻抗特征,物性较差的角砾白云岩表现为高阻抗特征。储层的测井响应特征及地震响应特征分析发现,当地震剖面存在双强相位(双轨特征)时,黄龙组地层存在,而当地震剖面呈现单轨特征时,则黄龙组地层不存在;地震振幅强弱与黄龙组厚度密切相关。利用地震属性及波阻抗反演技术同时预测储层厚度,其结果与实钻结果相当吻合。