A QUASI-NORMAL SIMULATION OF AGGRADATION AND DOWNSTREAM FINING WITH SHOCK FITTING

Ｒｉｖｅｒｓｗｉｔｈｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｂｅｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓｔｙｐｉｃａｌｌｙｓｈｏｗａｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃｄｏｗｎｓｔｒｅａｍｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｇｒａｉｎｓｉｚｅｗｈｅｎｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｅｄｔｏａｇｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｒｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎ．Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｏｎａｄｅｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｏｎｕｎｉｆｏｒｍｆｌｏｗｗｈｉｃｈｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆａｓｅｔｏｆｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｏｎｇｒａｉｎｓｏｒｔｉｎｇ．Ｔｈｅｓａｍｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｃａｎａｌｓｏｂｅｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｕｓｉｎｇａｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｍｕｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｄｏｍａｉｎｉｓａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｄａｓｑｕａｓｉｎｏｒｍａｌ．Ｔｈｅｋｅｙｔｏｔｈｉｓｓｉｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｓｈｏｃｋｆｉｔｔｉｎｇｔｏｌｏｃａｔｅｔｈｅｄｏｗｎｓｔｒｅａｍｆｒｏｎｔｏｆｇｒａｖｅｌａｇｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎ．Ｏｎｃｅｔｈｅｓｈｏｃｋｈａ     

LOCAL SCOUR AT PIERS,PART II:BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ｔｈｉｓｂｉｂｌｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙｏｎｐｉｅｒｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇｃｏｖｅｒｓａｐｅｒｉｏｄｆｒｏｍ１８７３ｔｏ１９９６ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｏｖｅｒ３００ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ．Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓｉｎｔｈｉｓｂｉｂｌｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙｉｓｏｎｐｉｅｒｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｓｃｏｕｒ，ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｓｃｏｕｒ，ｔｉｍｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｓｃｏｕｒ，ｄｅｓｉｇｎｆｏｒｍｕｌａｓ，ｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｏｒｋｓ；ｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｈｏｒｓｅｓｈｏｅｖｏｒｔｅｘａｔｐｉｅｒｓｏｒｃｙｌｉｎｄｅｒｓａｒｅａｌｓｏｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ     

LOCAL SCOUR AT PIERS,PART I:A REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS OF RESEARCH

Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｐｉｅｒｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｂｙｍａｎｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｏｒｓｄｕｅｔｏｉｔｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｂｒｉｄｇｅｐｉｅｒｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｄｅｓｉｇｎ．Ａｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｖｉｅｗｏｆｔｈｅｕｐｔｏｄａｔｅｗｏｒｋｏｎｐｉｅｒｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｈｉｇｈｌｉｇｈｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｃｏｕｒｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ，ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｓｃｏｕｒ，ｔｉｍｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｓｃｏｕｒ，ｓｃｏｕｒｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｍｕｌａｓａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｏｒｋｓ     

LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS IN SINE-GENERATED MEANDERING CHANNELS

Ｔｈｅｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓ（ｉｎｆｌｏｗｐｌａｎ）ｏｆｒｏｕｇｈｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｔｓｔｅａｄｙｆｌｏｗｓｉｎｍｅａｎｄｅｒｉｎｇｓｔｒｅａｍｓａｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｌｙ．Ｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｃｒｏｓｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｒｅｃｔａｎｇｕｌａｒ，ｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｗｉｄｔｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ，ｔｈｅｃｈａｎｎｅｌｂｅｄｉｓｆｌａｔ；ｔｈｅｐｌａｎｓｈａｐｅｉｓｓｉｎｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄ．Ｉｎｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｔｏｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｗｏｒｋｓ，ｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｄｆｌｏｗｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｗｅｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｓａｍｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒ，ｉｒｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｎｕｏｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｃｈａｎｎｅｌ，ｉｔｉｓｆｏｕｎｄ，ｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ，ｔｈａｔｅｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｐｌａｎｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙｏｆａｍｅａｎｄｅｒｉｎｇｆｌｏｗｈａｓｉｔｓｏｗｎｆｌｏｗｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ．Ｉｎｔｈｅｃａｓｅｏｆ“ｓｍａｌｌ＂ｓｉｎｕｏｓｉｔｙｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓ，ｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｃｏｎｖｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｓａｔｔｈｅｉｎｎｅｒｂａｎｋｂｅｔ     

Fractal and chaotic laws on seismic dissipated energy in an energy system of engineering structures

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｆｒａｃｔａｌｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ,ｃｈａｏｔｉｃｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ,ｓｙｎｅｒｇｅｔｉｃｓｓｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｉｎ...     

DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENT OF A NEW MODEL SAND BZY

Ｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｏｆｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ，ａｎｅｗｍｏｄｅｌｓａｎｄＢＺＹｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ．Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｏｎｉｔｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｕｎｉｔｗｅｉｇｈｔ，ｉｎｉｔｉａｔｉｏｎｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ，ｓｅｔｔｌｉｎｇｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ，ｒｅｐｏｓｅａｎｇｌｅ，ｅｔｃ．ＴｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅＢＺＹｍｏｄｅｌｓａｎｄｈａｓｍａｎｙｍｅｒｉｔｓｏｖｅｒｏｔｈｅｒｓ，ｓｕｃｈａｓａｄｊｕｓｔａｂｌｅｕｎｉｔｗｅｉｇｈｔ，ｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅｏｆｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｚｅ，ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｈａｐｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｎａｔｕｒａｌｓａｎｄａｎｄｓｔａｂｌｅｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ．Ｔｈｕｓｉｔｈａｓｈｉｇｈｖａｌｕｅｆｏｒｓｔｕｄｙ，ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｆｏｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．Ｓｔｉｌｌｓｏｍｅｏｆｉｔｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｎｅｅｄｔｏｂｅｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ     

Analysis on Depth Distribution and Precursor Mechanism of Small and Moderate Earthquakes

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｆｏｃｕｓｄｅｐｔｈｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｍｏｓｔａｔ ｔｅｎｔｉｖｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ.Ｐｒｏｆ.ＦｕＺｈｅｎｇｘｉａｎｇ (1 996)ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｆｏｃｕｓｄｅｐｔｈｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕ ｔｉｏｎｏｆａｆｔｅｒｓｈｏｃｋｓ ,ｃｒｕｓｔａｌｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｌａｙｅｒｓａｎｄｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｆｌｏｗ .Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｆｏｃｕ…     

EFFECT OF PERENNIAL SEDIMNT REGULATION IN XIAOLANGDI RESERVOIR ON REDUCTION OF DEPOSITION IN THE LOW

Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓｏｆｆｌｏｏｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ，ｃｏｎｖｅｙａｎｃｅｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ，ａｎｄａｄｅｑｕａｔｅｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＬｏｗｅｒＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓｃｈｅｍｅｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｎｐｅｒｅｎｎｉａｌｂａｓｉｓｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅＸｉａｏｌａｎｇｄｉＲｅｓｅｒｖｏｉ．Ｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｅｒｅｔａｉｎｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅｒｖｉｏｒｉｎｎｏｒｍａｌａｎｄｌｏｗｗａｔｅｒｙｅａｒｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅｉｎｙｅａｒｓｗｉｔｈａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅｏｆｗａｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｆｌｕｓｈｅｄｏｕｔｉｎｓｈｏｒｔｐｅｒｉｏｄｓｏｆｒｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒｄｒａｗｄｏｗｎｔｏｆｏｒｍｈｙｐｅｒｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄｆｌｏｏｄｓ．ＴｈｅｓｅｒｅｍｏｕｌｄｔｈｅｗｉｄｅｓｈａｌｌｏｗｒｅａｃｈａｂｏｖｅＧａｏｃｕｎｉｎｔｏａｎａｒｒｏｗｄｅｅｐｃｈａｎｎｅｌ，ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｍａｙｂｅｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｅｄａｌｌｔｈｅｗａｙｔｏｔｈｅｓｅａ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ     

Study of characteristics of long-period ground motion response spectra by using broad-band records of the Chinese digital Seismograph Network

ｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍｆｒｏｍｓｔｒｏｎｇｇｒｏｕｎｄｍｏｔｉｏｎｒｅｃｏｒｄｓｈａｖｅｂｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｄ...     

A study on seismic source process in short- term and imminent stage before destructive mining shock

ｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｓｏｕｒｃｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｉｎｓｈｏｒｔｔｅｒｍａｎｄｉｍｍｉｎｅｎｔｓｔａｇｅｂｅｆｏｒｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｉｓａｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｓｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｉｅｌ...     

Burst strain disturbance — A new test study on fracture precursor

A multi-functional high-frequency seismometer, a new instrumental system, is used for recording multi-point strain variations of rock samples in the process of fracture development. The results indicate that strain in each point appears burst disturbance synchronously besides a tendency variation before main fracture. The burst disturbance could probably be one of the short-impending precursors before great earthquake.     

远场和超远场前兆的模拟实验研究

在岩石试件、传压块体（包括岩石和钢块）和压机架上布设应变观测点，观测研究它们在岩石试样破裂孕育过程中的变化特征。结果发现，岩样临破坏前除岩样上各个测点都出现异常变化外，同时较远处的测力元件、传压块体和压机架上的应变也出现了突变或扰动前兆异常。岩石试样外部测点的应变特征变化在极临近主破裂时才有反映。而岩样上的测点除极临近主破裂时有突变和扰动外在离主破裂较早时已有反映。岩石试样外的测点距岩样约25－90cm，约为破裂尺度的3－10（多）倍。这表明在孕震区以外很远的地方都可能出现前兆异常。并初步探讨了形成远场前兆的原因。     

岩石破坏前的短临应变前兆研究

采用新型应变仪观测岩样在破坏孕育过程中岩样表面测点的应变变化，结果除了长趋势变化，破坏前几秒的特征变化外，在破坏前百分之几秒至十分之几秒还有突变和拢动等特征变化。     

慢地震慢前兆的机制研究

通过岩石高温高压破裂实验与有机玻璃破裂试验的应力—应变曲线对比、地震波形记录(观测资料)与试样破裂波形(实验资料)对比、地震前后定点应变与主破裂前后应变形态变化的对比，认为慢地震是临界或亚临界破裂或预先滑动所致，是低频应变波动。它是材料屈服、弱化或塑性变化的必然结果。而慢前兆则是临近大地震(大破裂)前出现的诸如形变、低频地震波(破裂弹性波)等的短期及临震前兆现象，它比较可靠。但由于许多岩石主破裂前并无明显的临界破裂或预滑动现象，也并非所有岩石都一定出现明显屈服，所以也并非每个地震前都有慢地震，因此，也就不一定都出现低频波动。从而，也并不一定都出现相同的短期、临震前兆现象。     

双轴压力下岩样自电位变化实验的新结果

利用伺服控制双轴加载系统,采用阵列式布局的应变、自电位测量方法,对岩石样品弹性变形阶段和破坏过程中的应变和自电位进行了实验研究. 结果表明,在突然加卸载、黏滑和岩样破裂几种特定情况下,自电位和应变场均出现了互相关联的脉冲状突然变化,且具有相当大的空间展布. 尽管有时应力σ值相当高,但当应力变化率γ= dσ/ dt为零（恒载）且保持正、负常数（匀速加、卸载）时,自电位始终没有异常出现. 反之,无论γ的增量Δγ为正值或负值,当γ突变,即对样品进行突然加卸载的时刻则出现了脉冲状自电位信号ΔV,Δγ的正或负对ΔV的影响是相反的. 分析表明,应力突变时ΔV与Δγ的异常幅度成正比. 应力突变和岩石破裂过程中自电位明显的时空变化意味着,孕震区附近如果自电位有突变,就有可能观测到相关的自电位前兆和同震变化, 并可能出现同步的应变变化,这给地震的自电位和应变前兆方法提供了实验证据.     

辽阳灯塔5.1级地震前后辽宁地区前兆资料研究

2013年1月23日辽阳灯塔突发5.1级地震,打破了辽宁13年来未有5级地震的平静,研究很有意义。针对此次地震通过扫描震前和震后辽宁区域各学科测项,排除观测系统和观测环境等原因,筛选出不明原因异常,试图找到地震前兆异常,在以后的震例中去验证。     

利用DEMETER卫星数据研究武都-文县5．0级地震

简单介绍了法国DEMETER（detectionofelectro—magneticemissionstransmittedfromearthquakeregions）地震电磁卫星的科学任务,以及所搭载载荷和观测模式。利用卫星观测资料研究了2006年6月20日16点52分（UT时间）发生在我国甘肃境内的5．0级地震。结果发现,在此次震前第5天电离层就开始出现异常现象,在震前大约1～2天时,这种异常达到最大。最后简述了发展卫星观测所面临的挑战和机遇。     

青海祁连克克里5.1级地震的主应变比分析

利用祁连县地应变观测资料，对１９９２年６月青海祁连克克里５．１级地震信息进行了综合分析，提出了主应变比异常理论，在该理论的基础上探讨了该次地震的发震机制，同时分析了祁连建站以来的地应变观测资料，认为肃南～祁连断裂段上及附近发生的地震具有相似性，是在变化的附加引张应力场作用下，载荷弱化，促使正断层或正走滑断层易于活动所导致的。     

The LF radio anomaly observed before the Mw = 6.5 earthquake in Crete on October 12, 2013

On October 12, 2013, an earthquake with M_w = 6.5 occurred in the southern Hellenic Arc, approximately 20 km off the west coast of Crete. The main shock, the focal depth of which is on the order of 40 km, was followed by aftershocks felt in the nearby cities and villages, although the aftershock sequence was poor. The epicentre was located at approximately 60 km from a radio receiver in Crete (CRE), which belongs to the European VLF/LF Radio Network. Several days before the earthquake, a clear disturbance occurred in one of the ten radio signals that the CRE receiver sampled. The disturbance, which can be considered an anomaly, appeared in the 216 kHz radio signal radiated by the Radio Monte Carlo (MCO) transmitter. The radio path MCO-CRE crossed directly over the epicentre area of the aforementioned earthquake. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the MCO signal anomaly using spectral tools. We also investigate the behaviour of other radio signals sampled by the CRE receiver and consider other possible causes of disturbances on the MCO radio signal. We conclude that the disturbance in the MCO radio signal is a convincingly possible precursor of the earthquake in Crete. Emission of electromagnetic waves with a frequency band that includes 216 kHz from the focal zone of the earthquake can provide a satisfactory explanation of the radio anomaly.     

首都圈体应变信号震前突发性变化特征及在短期地震预测中的应用

通过对首都圈体应变台网观测资料及首都圈多个显著地震前临震异常的分析, 结合岩石实验结果, 将体应变临震异常划分为阶跃型、 脉冲型、 波动型三种类型。 通过在首都圈地区体应变临震异常的识别实例, 总结了在首都圈及北京地区识别体应变临震异常的方法。