MODIS遥感数据辅助的鄱阳湖水体范围变化数值模拟

针对水体范围高动态变化的鄱阳湖,充分发挥数值模拟和遥感各自的优势,使用从MODIS影像上提取的水体范围初始化鄱阳湖水体范围数值模拟边界和率定模型参数,并与模拟的水体范围结果进行交叉验证分析。对鄱阳湖2001-07-08～11-30水体范围动态变化数值模拟的结果显示,水位模拟平均绝对误差小于15cm,数值模拟获取的水体范围与MODIS无云影像提取的湖泊水体范围具有较高的一致性,水体面积平均相对误差为5.7%。     

基于Landsat8的海冰表面温度反演算法研究

Landsat8影像被广泛应用于陆地表面温度的提取,但基于Landsat8的海冰表面温度产品依旧空缺,且无标准算法可循。基于Landsat8卫星搭载的TIRS传感器获取的热红外波段影像,利用3种常用的劈裂窗算法分别进行海冰表面温度反演,并将结果与浮标实测海冰表面温度数据和MODIS海冰表面温度产品进行了对比和验证。与浮标数据相比,DU C等的算法平均绝对误差和均方根误差最小,分别为1.718 6 K和2.621 3 K,可作为海冰表面温度反演的标准算法;而Jiménez-Mu?oz J C等的算法结果与MODIS冰温产品最为接近,适用于需与已有的MODIS冰温产品联合使用的情况,且两种算法的精度均优于已有的MODIS冰温产品;JIN M J等的算法在研究区域表现不佳。同时,与浮标数据相比,所有基于卫星影像反演的冰温产品在数值上总体偏低。     

基于融合时间特征Landsat影像的水稻面积提取

以洞庭湖区典型的产量大县——南县为研究区,针对Landsat回访周期较长及长江中下游阴雨天气较多的特点,利用STARFM模型融合高时间分辨率的MODIS数据与中等空间分辨率的Landsat TM数据,获取融合时间特征的Landsat TM时序数据,基于作物物候特征提取水稻的种植面积,并与单时相Landsat TM影像分类结果进行对比分析。结果表明,基于时序Landsat NDVI数据的水稻作物分类精度较之单时相Landsat TM影像分类结果有较大的提高。     

考虑植被红边信息的多时相Sentinel-2大范围冬小麦提取研究

冬小麦是中国的主要粮食作物且种植面积年际变化较大,及时准确掌握冬小麦种植面积变化有利于国家和相关部门科学决策。遥感技术是获取大范围冬小麦种植面积数据的最有效手段。前期研究多利用多时相中低分辨率影像（如MODIS）的归一化植被指数NDVI（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）开展大范围冬小麦种植区提取,因分辨率低导致精度难以令人满意。Sentinel-2卫星是唯一能获取3个红边波段影像的米级分辨率传感器,但应用其红边波段进行大范围冬小麦提取的研究几乎没有。本文分析了红边位置指数REPI（Red-Edge Position Index）与NDVI各自在冬小麦提取中的优势,并基于冬小麦物候特征与JM距离研究关键时相,提出一种综合多时相Sentinel-2 PERI、NDVI的大范围冬小麦提取方法,将其应用于2020年京津冀地区的冬小麦种植区提取,冬小麦总面积提取误差为-2.57%。提取结果与Google Earth高分辨率光学影像的解译结果进行比较,总体精度为94.24%,Kappa系数为0.88,相较于已有大范围冬小麦提取研究精度有明显提升,表明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于RS与GIS的茂县地区干旱河谷范围变化监测

以遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)为平台,选取茂县地区两期Landsat卫星影像,利用ENVI对影像数据进行监督分类,提取区域内植被覆盖图。利用Arc GIS结合茂县地区河谷分布图,界定出茂县地区两个时期内干旱河谷的分布范围。结果表明:整个茂县地区干旱河谷的范围呈缩减趋势,2005年干旱河谷面积457 619 400 m2,2015年干旱河谷面积为381 971 125 m~2,干旱河谷范围缩减了75 648 275 m~2。准确地界定出干旱河谷的范围变化,对指导川西地区生态环境综合治理以及西部广大山区的生态环境可持续发展战略的实施具有重要意义。     

近30年南昌城区湖泊面积变化图谱和动态监测

针对部分水体提取方法在提取城区水体时易出现漏提、错提和夹杂背景噪音的现象,本文提出一种更适合城市小型湖泊水体提取的方法,采用Landsat卫星影像的绿光波段、近红外波段和中红外波段(或短波红外波段),构建的经验型归一化差异水体指数ENDWI,相比NDWI和MNDWI,ENDWI在提取南昌城区水体时更具优势。本文以ENDWI为最佳水体提取模型,利用1989—2016年间4个不同时期的Landsat TM/OLI影像对南昌城区11个湖泊的面积变化状况进行了监测,从而制作了研究区各湖泊的面积变化图谱。随后引入气候指标和城镇化指标对南昌城区湖泊面积变化的成因进行分析。结果表明:气候对湖泊面积变化的影响有限,多年的城镇化运动,尤其是填湖造房运动的普遍存在才是湖泊面积变化的主要原因。     

石头口门水库水面和土地利用遥感监测分析

石头口门水库是长春市重要的饮用水水源地。本文以5年为时间尺度,选取1975~2013年共9景轨道号为118/29、118/30的Landsat影像对石头口门水库水面轮廓进行提取,分析了石头口门水库40年来水面面积的变化情况,结果表明:1975~2013年期间,水库水面面积波动较大,经历了先扩张、后萎缩、再扩张、再萎缩的变化过程。同时,利用遥感技术提取石头口门水库流域的土地利用信息,对土地利用变化进行了分析。     

基于中尺度光谱和时序物候特征提取南方丘陵山区茶园

南方丘陵山区茶园空间分布的提取对于南方经济发展和生态环境保护有重要意义。为此提出一种基于中尺度光谱和时序物候特征的茶园提取方法。利用MODIS增强植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI)和归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)数据产品选择Landsat影像的最适时间窗口,使用面向对象方法和决策树分类模型提取初步分类结果,使用MODIS-EVI植被时序数据提取不同植被物候参数,完成茶园分布范围提取。以福建省漳州市和安溪县为研究区进行茶园提取,经检验,总体分类精度达到85. 71%,Kappa系数达到0. 83,其中茶园的生产者精度为83. 72%,用户精度为90. 00%;提取结果与漳州市和安溪县茶园种植面积的公开统计数据接近。结果表明,该方法可获得较高的茶园提取精度。提取结果可以为南方经济发展和政府有关部门对茶园的调控提供一定参考和指导。     

基于MODIS时序影像的湖南省油菜种植面积遥感监测分析

基于时间序列影像数据的提取方法可实现快速监测大面积农作物的种植分布和面积估算.以湖南省为研究区,利用2017年500 m空间分辨率的MODIS NDVI时序数据,结合湖南省耕地分布数据和实地样点数据得到油菜物候标准曲线,采用最小二乘法与阈值法提取得到湖南省油菜种植分布.结果显示,遥感提取得到的湖南省油菜种植面积主要分布在湘北洞庭湖平原、湘中衡阳市、湘南岳阳市,油菜种植面积3.87×106 hm2,通过与2016年湖南省县域统计油菜种植面积数据进行比较,油菜空间格局分布大体一致,相关性系数为0.81,R2为0.66.采用油菜关键物候期的MODIS时序遥感影像,能有效地监测油菜空间分布和估算种植面积,这为油菜种植管理提供基础数据支撑.     

泰山地区近三十年植被覆盖变化与地形因子分析

针对在人类活动影响下,泰山地区植被覆盖面积变化情况,以陆地卫星(Landsat TM/OLI)遥感影像为研究基础影像,采用遥感图像处理平台(ENVI)和ArcGIS软件,对泰山地区1985、1995、2003、2008、2013、2018年的6期遥感影像,通过归一化指数(NDVI)对遥感影像植被信息进行反演,通过地形因子提取实现对高程、坡度、坡向信息的提取与绿色植物覆盖的综合分析.研究发现:泰山地区植被面积由西北向中南递减,周边农村区域植被覆盖大于中心城区;伴随海拔增高,植被面积呈倒"U"变化,多在100～500 m高程范围内;植被多分布在坡度较缓,向阳区域.     

Snow and ice mask for the MODIS aerosol products

Atmospheric products have been derived operationally from multichannel imaging data collected with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua spacecraft. Preliminary validations of the products were previously reported. Through analysis of more extensive time-series of MODIS aerosol products (Collection 4), we have found that the aerosol products over land areas are slightly contaminated by snow and ice during the springtime snow-melting season. We have developed an empirical technique using MODIS near-infrared channels centered near 0.86 and 1.24 /spl mu/m and a thermal emission channel near 11 /spl mu/m to mask out these snow-contaminated pixels over land. Improved aerosol retrievals over land have been obtained. Sample results from application of the technique to MODIS data acquired over North America, northern Europe, and northeastern Asia are presented. The technique has been implemented into the MODIS Collection 5 operational algorithm for retrieving aerosols over land from MODIS data.     

Fusing MODIS with Landsat 8 data to downscale weekly normalized difference vegetation index estimates for central Great Basin rangelands,USA

Data fused from distinct but complementary satellite sensors mitigate tradeoffs that researchers make when selecting between spatial and temporal resolutions of remotely sensed data. We integrated data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Terra satellite and the Operational Land Imager sensor aboard the Landsat 8 satellite into four regression-tree models and applied those data to a mapping application. This application produced downscaled maps that utilize the 30-m spatial resolution of Landsat in conjunction with daily acquisitions of MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that are composited and temporally smoothed. We produced four weekly, atmospherically corrected, and nearly cloud-free, downscaled 30-m synthetic MODIS NDVI predictions (maps) built from these models. Model results were strong with R² values ranging from 0.74 to 0.85. The correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.89) were strong for all predictions when compared to corresponding original MODIS NDVI data. Downscaled products incorporated into independently developed sagebrush ecosystem models yielded mixed results. The visual quality of the downscaled 30-m synthetic MODIS NDVI predictions were remarkable when compared to the original 250-m MODIS NDVI. These 30-m maps improve knowledge of dynamic rangeland seasonal processes in the central Great Basin, United States, and provide land managers improved resource maps.     

利用MODIS图像反演海岸与海岛的地物光谱反射率

提出一种利用MODIS图像,用查找表反演海岸与海岛地物光谱反射率的方法。该方法首先借助AHMAD辐射传输模型,由MODIS图像的水体像元反演出气溶胶的光学特性;在所选影像为晴空无云条件下,假设一定范围内的海岛与海岸上空的大气和水体上空的大气一样,借助6S辐射传输模型计算基于地物光谱反射率的查找表,然后由MODIS图像的陆地像元的反射率和几何条件加上反演的气溶胶光学厚度,用插值法可求得地物光谱反射率。还给出了厦门地区实际卫星图像的反演结果,并就反演误差进行了分析。     

An Algorithm to Produce Temporally and Spatially Continuous MODIS-LAI Time Series

Ecological and climate models require high-quality consistent biophysical parameters as inputs and validation sources. NASA's moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) biophysical products provide such data and have been used to improve our understanding of climate and ecosystem changes. However, the MODIS time series contains occasional lower quality data, gaps from persistent clouds, cloud contamination, and other gaps. Many modeling efforts, such as those used in the North American Carbon Program, that use MODIS data as inputs require gap-free data. This letter presents the algorithm used within the MODIS production facility to produce temporally smoothed and spatially continuous biophysical data for such modeling applications. We demonstrate the algorithm with an example from the MODIS-leaf-area-index (LAI) product. Results show that the smoothed LAI agrees with high-quality MODIS LAI very well. Higher R-squares and better linear relationships have been observed when high-quality retrieval in each individual tile reaches 40% or more. These smoothed products show similar data quality to MODIS high-quality data and, therefore, can be substituted for low-quality retrievals or data gaps.     

A radiance-based split-window algorithm for land surface temperature retrieval: Theory and application to MODIS data

The split-window algorithm is the most commonly used method for land surface temperature (LST) retrieval from satellite data. Simplification of the Planck’s function, as an important step in developing the SWA, allows us to directly relate the radiance to the temperature toward solving the radiative transfer equation (RTE) set. In this study, Planck’s radiance relationship between two adjacent thermal infrared channels was modeled to solve the RTE set instead of simplification of the Planck’s function. A radiance-based split-window algorithm (RBSWA) was developed and applied to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The performance of the RBSWA was assessed and compared with three most common brightness temperature-based split-window algorithms (BTBSWAs) by using the simulated data and satellite measurements. Simulation analysis showed that the LST retrieval using RBSWA had a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.5 K and achieved an improvement of 0.3 K compared with three BTBSWAs, and the LST retrieval accuracy using RBSWA was better than 1.5 K considering uncertainties in input parameters based on the sensitivity analysis. For application of RBSWA to MODIS data, the results showed that: 1) comparison between LST from MODIS LST product and LST retrieved using RBSWA showed a mean RMSE of 1.33 K for 108 groups of MODIS image covering continental US, which indicates RBSWA is reliable and robust; 2) when using the measurements from US surface radiation budget network as real values the RMSE of the RBSWA algorithm was 2.55 K and was slightly better than MODIS LST product; and 3) through the cross validation using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer LST product, the RMSE of the RBSWA algorithm was 2.23 K and was 0.28 K less than that of MODIS LST product. We conclude that the RBSWA for LST retrieval from MODIS data can attain a better accuracy than the BTBSWA.     

HJ-1A/B卫星CCD影像辅助的MODIS水色大气校正产品质量改进

针对我国近岸高浑浊水体区域MODIS短波红外波段大气校正产品中存在的信号饱和及条带问题,利用神经网络模型,采用准同步的HJ-1A/B卫星CCD影像及实测遥感反射率数据对MODIS/Terra水色遥感大气校正产品进行了质量改进。改进后结果与MODIS/Terra遥感反射率产品相比,平均相对误差为13.3%,信号饱和区域修复结果与实测数据各波段平均相对误差为28.2%。结果表明,该方法在保证结果精度的情况下,能有效地修复MODIS/Terra水色波段因为信号饱和而产生的数据空白区域,同时也能较好地解决MODIS/Terra大气校正产品中的条带问题。     

Assessment of deforestation in near real time over the Brazilian Amazon using multitemporal fraction images derived from Terra MODIS

We present a methodology for rapidly assessing deforestation over the Amazon region needed for policy intervention. We use soil fraction images generated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at 250-m spatial resolution. Results showed reasonable agreement with higher resolution Landsat data (r/sup 2/=0.73) for our study area. MODIS data are promising for near real-time deforestation monitoring, previously not practical with Landsat data.     

FY-3B/MWRI和Aqua/AMSR-E海冰密集度比较及印证

本文对2011-07-01—2011-09-30风云三号B星(FY-3B)搭载的微波成像仪MWRI(Microwave Radiometer Imager)和Aqua卫星搭载的微波扫描辐射计AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System)观测数据获取的海冰密集度产品进行比较及印证。首先,逐日比较FY-3B/MWRI和Aqua/AMSR-E区域平均海冰密集度;其次,逐月比较FY-3B/MWRI和Aqua/AMSR-E月平均海冰密集度;最后,使用Aqua卫星搭载的中等分辨率成像光谱辐射计MODIS数据进行印证。MWRI和AMSR-E比较结果为(1)MWRI与AMSR-E逐日区域平均海冰密集度变化趋势一致,MWRI海冰密集度均高于AMSR-E,7—9月MWRI与AMSR-E逐日平均偏差月平均值分别为8.55%、7.67%、2.58%,逐日标准差月平均值分别为12.16%、12.08%、10.43%,二者差异逐月减小。(2)MWRI与AMSR-E月平均海冰密集度差呈现逐月递减趋势,7—9月MWRI与AMSR-E逐月平均偏差分别为7.37%、6.53%、1.51%,逐月标准差分别为4.61%、4.36%、3.64%,MWRI与AMSR-E差异逐月减小的原因是二者在密集度较低的边缘区域差异较大,而夏季随着边缘区域海冰的融化,二者差异逐渐减小。MWRI和AMSRE海冰密集度与MODIS印证结果为:(1)密集度小于95%情况下,MWRI与AMSR-E海冰密集度均比MODIS偏高,AMSR-E更接近MODIS,MWRI高估,误差较大。(2)密集度大于等于95%情况下,MWRI与AMSR-E海冰密集度均比MODIS偏低,AMSR-E偏低更多,MWRI结果更好。     

The impact of size variations in the ground instantaneous field of view of pixels on MODIS BRDF modelling

Bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDF) seek to represent surface reflectance anisotropy resulting from surface physical structure and changes in a satellite sensor’s view and solar illumination angles. NASA’s MODerate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a wide field of view sensor that generates observations over a large range of view angles. Based on MODIS observations, a BRDF product and several sub-products have been developed by MODIS science teams, i.e. the MCD43 product suite. Variations in pixels’ ground instantaneous field of view (GIFOV), i.e. the size of a pixel’s footprint on the ground, is a well known effect associated with wide field of view sensors such as MODIS, but is not specifically considered in the MODIS BRDF algorithm nor has research been undertaken into its effects on MODIS BRDF modelling. This paper introduces two metrics to examine the relationship between reflectance variations associated with changes in MODIS pixels’ GIFOV and the MODIS BRDF (MCD43) product. These metrics are applied to four different study areas and epochs across the Australian continent. The two metrics are shown to be well correlated (mean correlation coefficient of 0.81 for the four study areas); suggesting that variations in pixels’ GIFOV are a consistent, non-random source of variance in MODIS BRDF modelling. The results contained in this paper suggest that all downstream products which include MODIS BRDF processing in their derivation and results directly based on MODIS BRDF processing may need to be reassessed.     

融合Landsat ETM+和MODIS数据估算高时空分辨率地表短波反照率

提出一种通过融合高空间低时间分辨率、低空间高时间分辨率地表短波反照率,来估算高时空分辨率地表短波反照率的方法。首先,利用Landsat ETM+数据,通过窄波段到宽波段的转换得到一景或多景空间分辨率较高的ETM+蓝天空短波反照率;然后,在MODIS短波反照率产品基础上,以天空光比例因子为权重,得到空间分辨率较低的MODIS蓝天空短波反照率;最后,利用STARFM(Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model)模型融合ETM+短波反照率的空间变化信息和MODIS短波反照率的时间变化信息,得到高时空分辨率的地表短波反照率。针对STARFM模型在异质性区域估算精度降低的问题,通过以MODIS反照率影像各像元的端元(各地类)反照率取代MODIS像元反照率来提取时空变化等信息参与STARFM模型的融合过程,达到提高异质性区域估算精度的目的。结果显示,直接利用STARFM模型估算得到的高空间分辨率地表短波反照率处在合理的精度范围内(RMSE0.02),用改进后的STARFM模型估算得到的异质性区域短波反照率和真实ETM+短波反照率间的相关系数增大。