焉耆盆地煤系源岩特征、生烃机理及烃源岩倾向性研究

焉耆盆地位于南天山造山带东部,是在华力西期褶皱基底上形成的中新生代含煤沉积盆地。作为西部地区一个小型的侏罗纪含油气盆地,焉耆盆地除与周缘的塔里木、吐哈盆地有相似性外,亦有自己独特的地质条件,即:改造型盆地、煤系生烃和高地温梯度。通过研究认为,煤系源岩特征是决定生烃能力的内因,高地温梯度则是促使油气生成的外因。笔者通过现今地温的测量和岩石热导率的分析,认为焉耆盆地博湖坳陷现今地温梯度较高,其原因主要是该盆地大地热流值较高,认为地温梯度高的原因来自地内深处。从侏罗系煤系源岩的类型、特征、分布,到对其有机显微组分:镜质组、惰性组、壳质组、腐泥组的组成,开展了侏罗纪煤系烃源岩倾气倾油性评价;尤其是进行热压模拟实验,开展中下侏罗统煤岩、碳质泥岩和煤系泥岩热压模拟液态烃、气态烃产率分析。指出侏罗系煤系源岩液态产烃率以煤岩为最高、泥岩次之、碳质泥岩最差;气态产烃率则以泥岩为最高、煤岩次之、碳质泥岩最差。     

鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化

低煤阶煤层气作为一种非常规天然气资源,具有良好的勘探开发前景。我国低煤阶煤层气资源丰富,进行低煤阶煤层气系统演化分析,对其富集成藏及开发具有重要的理论意义。鄂尔多斯盆地煤层甲烷的碳同位素δ13C₁为–33.1‰~–80.0‰,氢同位素δ_CH4为–235‰~–268‰。该盆地侏罗系煤层气藏主要有次生生物气与热成因气构成的混合型煤层气藏和热成因气藏两种类型。据构造热事件、煤层气组分及成因,结合不同阶段的煤层埋深、变质程度和生气特征等,将鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化划分为4个阶段:煤系浅埋–原生生物气阶段﹑煤系深埋–热成因气阶段﹑煤系抬升–吸附气逃逸散失阶段﹑煤系局部沉降–次生生物气补充阶段。其中,煤系深埋–热成因气阶段和局部沉降–次生生物气阶段是低煤阶煤层气资源的主要形成阶段。次生生物气的补充是鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气成功开发的重要气源。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤层气藏应属于单斜式富气成藏模式。      

煤系高岭石粘土岩的理论与应用研究

我国北方煤系中的高岭石粘土岩是具有很高经济价值的共生矿产,在煤田勘探中应予充分注意,进行详细研究和评价.它有沉积和火山灰蚀变两种成因,不同成因的矿层具有不同的特征.指出渭北太原组5煤的高岭石夹矸属火山灰成因,11煤高岭石夹矸是沉积产物.软质高岭土全属沉积成因,多产于中、新生代煤系中.     

镇江大力山中,下三叠统沉积特征及环境分析

镇江大力山中、下三叠统青龙组2段和3段发育的瘤体灰岩属盆地边缘斜坡环境,杂乱瘤体灰岩横向相变为盆地边缘斜坡滑塌重力流成因(深水)的泥晶砾屑灰岩;蠕粒灰岩则为台地前缘斜坡的浅水沉积环境,与浅水重力流的砾屑泥晶灰岩共生.     

焉耆盆地侏罗纪煤系源岩显微组分组合与生油潜力

焉耆盆地为我国西部含煤、含油气盆地, 侏罗系含煤地层是最重要的潜在源岩.对侏罗纪煤系中的暗色泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层分别进行了有机岩石学、Rock-Eval热解分析和核磁共振分析.泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层具有不同的有机岩石学和有机地球化学特征, 其中煤层具有3种有机显微组分组合类型, 不同显微组分组合类型的煤层具有不同的生油、生气潜力或倾油、倾气性.基质镜质体、角质体、孢子体等显微组分是煤中的主要生烃组分.侏罗系泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层具有不同的生物标志物分布特征, 生物标志物组合分析表明焉耆盆地已发现原油是泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层生成原油的混合产物.含煤地层的地球化学生烃潜力分析和已发现原油的油源对比均表明, 含煤地层不仅是重要的气源岩, 而且可成为有效的油源岩.      

南海北部深水区烃源岩形成和分布研究

南海北部深水盆地与大西洋被动大陆边缘盆地烃源岩存在明显差异,大西洋被动大陆边缘盆地以中生界裂陷期湖相和坳陷期海相烃源岩为主,有机质主要来源于水生低等生物。南海北部深水区裂陷期可能发育第三系湖相烃源岩,但油气源分析结果表明,第三系海陆过渡相煤系烃源岩为本区主力烃源岩。南海北部深水区煤系烃源岩和海相烃源岩有机质主要来源于陆...     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤系矿产资源赋存规律研究进展

在资料收集、野外调查及采样、测试分析的基础上,以鄂尔多斯盆地石炭-二叠纪煤系和侏罗纪煤系为目标,开展了煤系矿产资源综合研究。查明了鄂尔多斯盆地煤系矿产资源发育种类及时空分布特征,划分了煤系矿产资源共生组合类型。从煤系综合矿产形成的原生条件和后期的盆地构造-热演化控制的角度,揭示了鄂尔多斯盆地煤系矿产资源的赋存规律,建立了煤系矿产耦合成矿模式。评价了鄂尔多斯盆地煤系矿产资源潜力,估算了鄂尔多斯盆地煤系气和主要矿区煤系镓元素等主要煤系矿产资源量,划分了鄂尔多斯盆地煤系矿产资源有利区。为矿产地质调查工作部署和勘查选区提供科学依据和技术支撑。     

青海省木里煤田弧山矿区东部找煤预测

通过对区内褶皱特征、控煤断层及沉积环境的分析研究，预测在木里煤田弧山矿区东部仍有煤系地层赋存。预测区内构造为一宽缓向斜，与弧山向斜共同构成隔档式（梳状）褶皱。含煤地层为中下侏罗统江仓组，成煤环境属中生代断陷盆地内河湖、沼泽相沉积。F2为弧山矿区南部边界断层，在前期控制了煤系地层的沉积，后期又控制了煤系地层的埋深和保存，预测区所处位置其煤系地层埋藏较浅，较有利于煤层的开发和利用。     

煤与油页岩共生成矿系统

为了揭示煤与油页岩共生于同一盆地相互依存、相互制约和共生成矿等原理,通过对煤与油页岩共生盆地特征综合分析,提出了煤与油页岩共生成矿系统并分析其影响因素,指出主要地质要素包括煤与油页岩共生岩系、煤及油页岩层、顶底板岩层以及上覆岩层等静态因素,和构造演化、煤与油页岩共生岩系形成的气候、盆地内的古生物演化与分带(层)、盆地边缘地区古植物的分布、水介质的性质变化(水体分层机制)、聚集及流动等的动态因素,由此确定了二者共存系统的主要地质作用。依据盆地演化史、成矿保存机制和后期的改造作用,将煤与油页岩共生成矿系统划分为4个子系统:成矿作用系统、含矿盆地系统、煤与油页岩(群)系统以及含煤与油页岩区块系统,该系统可以通过反映各种地质因素和地质作用的剖面图、平面图及专门性的技术图件和各种矿产资源的储量数据、演化事件等来描述。     

煤成气地质学

传统的油气地质学主要研究海相和湖相沉积盆地油气成因和勘探评价问题。自70年代左右先后发现荷兰格罗宁根、英国北海、前苏联西西伯利亚、澳大利亚吉普斯兰等一批与煤系地层有关的重要煤成气田以来,各国愈来愈重视研究和寻找与煤系地层有关的天然气田。近年来也逐渐形成了一门以研究含煤地层、含煤盆地煤成气生成、运移、聚集和勘探评价为主要内容的新学科——煤成气地质学。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with