借鉴香港模式构建合理的土地使用权到期续期地价地租管理制度

我国内地的土地使用权借鉴香港特别行政区的有限年限的出让制度,但到期用地如何续期,一直以来,都没有明确的规定.本文试图还原完整的香港土地出让管理、到期续期和相应的地租地价缴交方式,探讨如何借鉴香港的成功经验,在内地构建一套合理的土地使用权到期续期地价地租管理制度.     

住宅建设用地使用权续期之法理分析及完善路径

近年来,由于法律规定不明确,我国住宅建设用地使用权的续期问题始终是社会各界关注的热点。年初,上海市《国有建设用地使用权出让预申请须知》中关于土地使用权期限届满后由“出让人无偿收回”的相关内容经媒体报道后,更是引起广泛的质疑。青岛阿里山小区的事例表明科学合理地完善我国住宅建设用地使用权续期制度已是迫在眉睫。本文结合传统民法上的地上权制度,运用比较法的研究方法对住宅建设用地使用权续期的法理以及路径进行了全面分析。     

我国土地出让年期制度改革前期研究

目前,我国各地的国有土地使用权出让大多采用了最高年限。但是,由于不同地区的土地利用条件、经济环境等方面的差异,应当增加土地出让最低年限的规定,合理确定土地使用权出让年限,进行土地出让年限制度的改革研究,从而实现土地资源的优化配置。本文在剖析现行土地出让年限存在问题的基础上,探索性地提出了土地使用权出让指导年期,并对如何确定土地使用权出让指导年期以及如何进行续期管理这两个重点问题进行了探讨,以期对土地出让年期制度改革提供借鉴。     

赞比亚新的税收制度开始

赞比亚开始执行其新的税法,该规定使Equinox矿业公司股价下跌了10％。许多采矿公司开始缴纳更多的特许权使用费和其他税收,尽管该国政府否认了涉及外国投资者豁免缴税的待遇,矿业公司必须缴纳所有税项。     

矿业权有偿取得和矿产资源有偿使用是不能混淆的两码事

现行矿产资源法对矿产资源有偿使用和矿业权有偿取得关系的界定模糊不清,凸显我国矿业立法的缺陷。事实上,矿产资源有偿使用和矿业权有偿取得虽有联系,但更有标的物及其取得方式上的重要区别。矿业权有偿取得是指取得矿业权必须依照国家有关规定缴纳矿业权使用费;矿产资源有偿开采是指开采矿产资源必须按照国家有关规定缴纳矿产资源补偿费和资源税。     

关于解决采矿权"双轨制"问题的探讨

采矿权有偿取得是矿法规定的一项基本制度。这是指采矿权申请人在取得采矿权时,应当向国家缴纳一定费用,包括采矿权使用费、价款、竞争性出让收益等。如果申请国家出资探明的矿产地的采矿权,应当缴纳经评估确认的采矿价款。如果是持探矿权申请采矿权,则不必缴纳采矿权价款。矿产资源有偿取得是建立资源开发良性经济机制的最有效途径,也是整顿和规范矿产资源开发秩序的治本之策。解决采矿权有偿取得和无偿取得的"双轨制"是当前深化矿产资源有偿使用制度改革的重要任务之一,也是难度最大的改革任务之一。     

山西省大同市矿山地质灾害防治保证金制度实施办法

第一条为了保护和改善地质环境,防治地质灾害,促进矿山企业履行矿山地质环境恢复和地质灾害治理的法定义务,根据国务院《地质灾害防治条例》和《山西省地质灾害防治条例》的规定,制定本办法。第二条在本市行政区域内从事矿产资源开采的采矿权人,应当边开采边恢复治理,并按照本办法的规定,缴纳矿山地质灾害防治保证金(以下简称保证金)。第三条市、县(区)国土资源主管部门负责保证金的收缴、使用和监督管理。矿区范围在县级行政区域内的,保证金由矿区所在地的县级国土资源主管部门负责收取;矿区范围跨县级行政区的,保证金由市国土资源主管部门…     

基于规则格网的DEM建模方法研究

利用规则格网进行逐点DEM内插的关键在于:如何提高待插点周围数据的搜索效率及如何选取内插函数模型。针对以上两个问题,本文提出了"逐步扩张搜索"法,能迅速搜索到内插点所需的参考点数据;并在分析和比较各种DEM内插算法的基础上,结合二次曲面模型和加权平均法的优点,提出"组合内插模型"。实验表明,改进后的DEM逐点内插算法,能显著提高搜索速度和内插精度,具有很好的应用价值。     

国土资源部:严禁“以租代征”圈地

目前,一些地方政府和部门规避法定的农用地转用和土地征收审批及缴纳有关税费,通过租用农民集体土地进行非农业建设,擅自扩大建设用地规模。为此,国土资源部日前发出紧急通知,要求各地从严从紧控制建设用地总量,坚决制止“以租代征”违法违规用地行为。     

厄瓜多尔拟征收采矿意外收益税

厄瓜多尔石油和采矿部部长Galo Chiriboga在2007年12与18日对路透社说,该国准备在铜、金及其他矿产品价格高于一定水平时对采矿公司征收70％的意外收益税。征税对象为该国现有小型采矿公司,未来在该国经营的大型国际采矿公司,如有重大矿产发现,亦须缴纳意外收益税。     

香港的地政管理

中国香港特别行政区的地政管理是世界上较为完善的地区之一。文章就香港地政管理的目标，机构和内容，介绍了香港地区的地政管理，并总结了香港地政管理所带来的启示。     

AERIAL SURVEY: COLONY OF HONG KONG

This paper describes the planning and implementation of a very extensive aerial survey contract undertaken by Hunting Surveys on behalf of the Hong Kong Government. From photography carried out during January and February 1963, photogrammetric plotting at 1 : 600 and 1 : 1200 proceeded steadily over a period of 5 years to the point where all but the highest land in the Colony had been surveyed at one or other of these two large scales. The problems arising from the rather unique terrain conditions and the urban and industrial development of Hong Kong are dealt with mainly from the photographic and photogrammetric aspect but reference is made to the contribution of the Crown Lands and Survey Office of the Public Works Department of Hong Kong, who provided all ground control and undertook field verification.     

香港地区电离层垂向电子含量的变化规律

根据香港GPS永久跟踪站的长期GPS观测资料,估计出了香港地区电离层垂向电子含量,并分析了垂向电子含量的周日变化规律,对建立香港地区实用的电离层模型有重要的指导意义。     

A multilevel stratified spatial sampling approach based on terrain knowledge for the quality assessment of OpenStreetMap dataset in Hong Kong

With the development of Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) data, the OpenStreetMap has high research value in terms of project activity, social influence, urban development, application scope, and historical richness and the number of buildings or roads is increasing every day. However, how to evaluate the quality of a large amount OpenStreetMaps efficiently and accurately is still not fully understood. This article presents the development of an approach regarding multilevel stratified spatial sampling based on slope knowledge and official 1:1000 thematic maps as the reference dataset for OpenStreetMap data quality inspection of Hong Kong. This multilevel stratified spatial sampling plan is as follows: (1) The terrain characteristics of Hong Kong are fully considered by dividing grids into quality estimate strata based on the slope information; (2) Spatial sampling for the selection of grids or objects is used; (3) A more reliable sampling subset is made, regarding the representation of the entire OpenStreetMap dataset of Hong Kong. This sampling plan displays a 10% higher sampling accuracy, but without increasing the sample size, particularly as regards building completeness inspection compared with simple random sampling and systematic random sampling. This research promotes further applications of the Open-Street-Map dataset, thus enabling us to have a better understanding of the OpenStreetMap data quality in urban areas.     

Multi-objective route planning for dangerous goods using compromise programming

The transportation of dangerous goods (DG) can significantly affect the human and natural environment if accidents occur during the transportation process. Hong Kong is a large city with high population density and narrow streets. Due to the land constraints, vehicles carrying DG inevitably have to pass through densely populated areas or their vicinities. Therefore, safe DG transportation is of paramount importance. There is thus an urgent need to review and improve the way trucks carrying DG are being routed on the road networks. Routing of such vehicles should consider not only the operating cost, but also the safety of travelers in the network, the population potentially exposed, and the possible damage inflicted to the surrounding properties and facilities in the event of a DG incident. This research develops a novel methodology for the determination of optimal routes for DG transportation under conflicting objectives by means of the compromise programming approach. With the support of geographical information system (GIS), a case study is carried out for the transportation of DG in the road network of Hong Kong. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Land use and land cover change detection with Landsat MSS and SPOT HRV data in Hong Kong

The objective of this paper is to map urban expansion in Hong Kong from 1979 to 1987 with a Landsat MSS and a SPOT HRV data. The data were radiometrically calibrated and geometrically registered. Three change detection techniques were applied. First, image overlay was used to enhance change areas visually. Second, a standardized principal components analysis was performed to yield minor components which were change related vectors. A thresholding technique was employed to separate the areas of changes from those of no-change. A binary change mask was created. Third, a post-classification comparison was merged with the change mask to identify the nature of specific land use and land cover changes. Major land development in the city can be easily detected and mapped with these techniques.     

《深圳·香港地图集》的设计编制

详细论述了《深圳·香港地图集》的项目背景、组织实施、内容结构、设计原则、图集开本、设计特色等方面的内容。该图集的编制出版,是深圳与香港在测绘领域的重要交流,对深港两地各个领域的深入合作和全面发展有着重要意义。     

Sea level change in Hong Kong from tide gauge measurements of 1954–1999

 Tide gauge records of Hong Kong covering the past 45 years (1954.0–1999.0) are adopted to analyze the basic features of sea level changes in the region. Data sets of atmospheric pressure, southern oscillation index and sea surface temperature during the same time span are also used to determine the possible link between the sea level changes in Hong Kong and local and global geophysical processes. Results indicate that the sea level of Hong Kong has a rising trend of 1.9 ± 0.4 mm per year, and that there is an upward offset of about 15 cm in the pre-1957.0 tide gauge records. The effect of local atmospheric pressure variations on the amplitude of the annual sea level change is about 30% of the amplitude that is calculated after the effect is corrected. It is also found that the interannual variations in the sea level of Hong Kong are related to El Ni?o and La Ni?a events that happen frequently in the tropical Pacific. Received: 27 October 1999 / Accepted: 15 August 2000     

地基GPS技术遥感香港地区大气水汽含量

提出了分段多项式方法计算大气水汽含量,并结合无线电高空气象探测资料,分析并评估了地基ＧＰＳ遥感技术的精度。香港地区的可降水份计算结果表明,地基ＧＰＳ遥感技术的精度为１ ｍ ｍ ～２ ｍ ｍ     

土地利用更新调查的组织实施方法

土地利用更新调查是一项技术要求高、工作量大、作业周期长、投入人力多的工程，如果组织不力或方法不当，会影响工程效率或成果质量。本文结合宜兴市1：5000土地利用更新调查的组织实施过程，简单介绍了更新调查的组织实施方法。