钝顶螺旋藻对恒定剂量无机碲的吸收转化作用

在钝顶螺旋藻 ( S. platensis ) 生长期内 ( 1 ～ 11 d ) 添加无机碲 ( Na2TeO3 ),每天的碲剂量水平χTe 分别为 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4,观察 S. platensis 对不同剂量水平无机碲的吸收转化作用,同时考察χTe 为 0.4 的实验组螺旋藻中碲与生物大分子 ( 蛋白质、多糖、核酸和脂类 ) 的结合情况.结果表明,当χTe < 0.3 时,碲对 S. platensis 的生长有促进作用;当χTe > 0.3 时,S. platensis 的生长受到明显的抑制.无机碲进入藻体后一部分被转化成有机碲并进入生物分子中,而绝大部分却以气态碲 ( 甲基化碲 ) 的形式排出,且占添加碲的 86.7 % ～ 91.6 %,气态碲的产生可能是螺旋藻对碲的主要解毒方式.气态碲的含量随着碲剂量的增加而增加,而有机碲的含量随着碲剂量的增加而减少.碲与 S. platensis 中的 3 种组分 ( 组分 1:固体残余物,组分 2:水溶性蛋白,组分 3:非蛋白质水溶性物质 ) 有不同程度的结合,不同组分中的碲相对含量随着碲剂量的变化有明显的变化:当χTe ≤ 0.1 时,组分 2和组分 3 的碲含量较大;当χTe ≥ 0.2 时,组分 1 和组分 2 中的碲含量较大.进入生物大分子的碲主要与蛋白质相结合.     

海水钝顶螺旋藻富硒及其含硒藻蓝蛋白的研究

研究了亚硒酸钠梯度浓度对海水钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina platensis生长及藻胆蛋白含量的影响,对含硒藻蓝蛋白进行分离纯化,得到含硒藻蓝蛋白纯品。结果表明,硒添加浓度小于100mg.L-1时,对藻体生长有一定的促进作用,其生物量、藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白含量有增加,藻体硒含量及富硒系数明显高于文献报道的相似条件下的淡水螺旋藻;纯化的含硒藻蓝蛋白溶液在弱光照、低温、pH4—8的范围内稳定性较好;含硒藻蓝蛋白的光谱特性与藻蓝蛋白相比几乎没有差异,紫外与可见光吸收光谱特征吸收峰在280nm和620nm,荧光激发峰在558nm,室温条件下最大荧光发射峰在655nm,说明海水钝顶螺旋藻富集硒后及海水的胁迫对其藻蓝蛋白的光谱特性没有明显影响。     

硒硫比值对钝顶螺旋藻有机化硒的影响及藻体中硒的形态、价态构成

在培养基中添加亚硒酸钠、硫酸钾培养钝顶螺旋藻,研究硒、硫不同克分子比(Se∶S)对钝顶螺旋藻有机化硒的影响,用2,3-二氨基萘荧光分光光度法测定藻体中总硒、有机硒、4价硒及6价硒含量,分析藻体中硒的形态、价态构成.结果显示,一定范围内Se∶S对钝顶螺旋藻产率影响不大,但硒浓度为3.80mmol/L、Se∶S=0.812时螺旋藻产量、总硒及有机硒含量均最高,富硒钝顶螺旋藻中以有机硒为主,无机硒以4价硒为主.     

硒碲胁迫对两种螺旋藻生长的影响

研究了硒(Na2SeO 3)和碲(Na2TeO 3)胁迫对钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulinaplatensis)和极大螺旋藻(Spirulinamaximum)生长的影响。结果表明 ,两种藻对硒、碲表现出不同的耐性。对于S.platensis,CSe≤200mg/L促进生长 ,CTe<100mg/L影响不大 ,CTe≥100mg/L抑制生长 ,CSe≥800mg/L或CTe=400mg/L藻死亡 ;而对于S.maximum ,CSe=25mg/L时促进生长 ,CTe≤25mg/L无影响 ,CTe≥50mg/L明显抑制生长 ,CSe≥800mg/L或CTe≥600mg/L则死亡。而在培养周期内分次添加硒、碲 ,当累计达到CSe(CTe)=800mg/L,两种藻仍能正常生长。表明硒、碲添加方式不同 ,产生明显不同的效应。     

硒硫比值对钝顶螺旋藻有机化硒的影响及藻体中硒的形态、价格构成

在培养基中添加亚硒酸钠、硫酸钾培养钝顶螺旋藻，研究硒、硫不同克分子比（Se:S)对钝顶螺旋藻有机化硒的影响，用2，3-二氨基萘荧光分光光度法测定藻体中总硒、有机硒、4价硒及6价硒含量，分析藻体中硒的形态，价态构成。结果显示，一定范围内Se:S对钝顶螺旋藻产率影响不大，但硒浓度为3.80mmol/L、Se:S=0.812时螺旋藻产量、总硒及有机硒含量均最高，富硒钝顶螺旋藻中以有机硒为主，无机硒以4价硒为主。     

硒对钝顶螺旋藻生长的影响及其在细胞中的累积和分布

本文研究了硒对纯顶螺旋藻（Spirulinaplatensis）生长的影响及其在细胞生化组成中的分布。结果表明,当硒浓度低于50mg／dm3时,对钝顶螺旋藻生长的抑制作用不明显,在低浓度下（＜10mg／dm3）可促进其生长;当硒浓度超过50mg／dm3时则起抑制作用,高浓度对藻体起毒害作用。藻细胞中总硒含量与培养液中的硒浓度有关,在0～40mg／dm3范围内,硒含量随着培养液中硒浓度的增加而增加：从0mg／dm3的2．50×10-5（m／m,dw）到40mg／dm3的231．45×10-6（m／m,dw）,至50mg／dm3,又开始降低为174.26×10-6（m／m,dw）;硒在S．platensis生化组成中的分布,以蛋白质含量为最高,可达总硒的49．22％～71．49％,而脂类及碳水化合物-氨基酸中的含量则较低,分别为总硒含量的3．59％～6．18％和1．45％～2．56％,硒在各组成中的含量与培养液中的硒浓度有关,其变化趋势与总硒含量的一致。     

海水螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白富硒及其抗氧化特性

对海水钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina platensis C-藻蓝蛋白的富硒能力及含硒c-藻蓝蛋白对超氧阴离子(O2·)和羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用进行了研究.结果表明,在添加低浓度硒(40-80mg·L-1)培养时,海水钝顶螺旋藻c.藻蓝蛋白对硒的富集效果显著强于淡水螺旋藻C-藻蓝蛋白.硒浓度为40mg·L-1时,C-藻蓝蛋白对硒的利用率最高,富硒系数最大(O.9%);硒浓度为60mg·L-1时,C-藻蓝蛋白含硒量最高(402mg·kg-1).含硒C-藻蓝蛋白比CJ藻蓝蛋白对超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的清除作用都有所加强,清除效应与C-藻蓝蛋白的含硒量及蛋白浓度呈正相关.C-藻蓝蛋白含硒量最高组(402mg·kg-1)在浓度为180μg·ml-1时,对超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的清除率分别可达到83%和35%,远高于同样条件下其他淡水种类相应蛋白的清除作用.研究结果显示,利用海水培养的螺旋藻能显著提高C-藻蓝蛋白的富硒能力和含硒C-藻蓝蛋白清除超氧阴离子的活性.此研究对开发具有抗氧化功能的含硒C-藻蓝蛋白显示出独特的技术优势和较大的应用潜力.     

锗对两种微藻的毒性及其在细胞中的累积

钝顶螺旋藻Spriulina platensis (Cyanophyceae)和盐生杜氏藻Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae)暴露在不同浓度锗的培养液中，研究了锗对它们的毒性及锗在藻细胞中的累积，结果表明，锗对S.platensis的毒性较D.salina大。在培养浓度范围内，S.Platensis中的总锗含量与培养介质中的锗含量关系不大。锗在S.platensis中的分布较均匀且呈剂量效应，在D.salina中，总锗含量随着培养液中锗含量的增加而增加，锗在细胞中的分布以氨基酸－碳水化合物和蛋白质中为主，脂类中含量则较低，上述差异反映了灌类在生理特性上的不同，研究表明，当藻类暴露在含锗介质中时，可吸收累积一定量的锗并结合到细胞内的大分子物质中，从而达到降低锗毒性的作用。     

硒对钝顶螺旋藻生长及固碳速率的影响

本实验采用添加硒的改良Zarrouk培养基培养钝顶螺旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)FACHB-834,测定了其叶绿素荧光参数、生物量及含碳率,探究硒对螺旋藻生长及固碳速率的影响。研究表明:较低的硒浓度(1和10 mg/L)促进螺旋藻生长,与对照组相比,生物量分别提高了21%和15%(P0.05),终生物量最高达1.04 g/L;固碳速率最高达153.32 mg/(L·d);最大光能转换效率(F_v/F_m)、最大电子传递速率(rETR_(max))和光能的利用效率(α)与对照组相比均有所提高,但差异不显著。较高的硒浓度(50和100 mg/L)抑制螺旋藻的生长,与对照组相比生物量分别降低了43%和48%、含碳率分别降低了10%和17%、固碳速率分别降低了53%和61%(P0.05),F_v/F_m分别最大降低了32.4%和31.2%、rETR_(max)分别最大降低了15.4%和11.2%、α值分别最大降低了48.2%和39.4%(P0.05)。综合考虑钝顶螺旋藻的生长和固碳速率,本实验培养钝顶螺旋藻的最佳硒浓度为1 mg/L。研究结果可为大规模培养富硒钝顶螺旋藻提供参考。     

硫酸铵对钝顶螺旋藻（spirulina platensis）生长的影响

本实验利用硫酸铵代替zarrouk培养基中的硝酸钠。在硫酸铵的最适用量范围内钝顶螺旋藻spirulina platensis生长良好。不同用量的硫酸铵,对钝顶螺旋藻的生长,以及叶绿素和脱镁叶绿素含量有明显影响。钝顶螺旋藻生长,最佳时硫酸铵用量为0.1g/l,粗蛋白含量为51.35％。     

几种红藻和蓝藻的光合作用色素

分离纯化出几种海产红藻和一种蓝藻的光合作用色素,并测定了它们的化学性质和光谱学性质。这些藻类是3种红藻:多管藻(Polysiphonia urceolata)、橡叶藻(Phycodrys sp.)和条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis);蓝藻:钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)。用羟基磷灰石柱层析法从上述藻类中分离到几种不同的藻胆蛋白。经SDS-PAGE及光谱测定,发现条斑紫菜中的藻红蛋白不同于其它两种红藻。而橡叶藻中存在的两条藻红蛋白也有差异,条斑紫菜和钝顶螺旋藻中的两种别藻蓝蛋白之间也有区别。叶绿素分析表明,钝顶螺旋藻中叶绿素a的含量高于红藻中叶绿素a的含量。     

钝顶螺旋藻在LED光电板式光生物反应器中的培养研究

分析研究了ＬＥＤ集成光电板光辐射强度对螺旋藻生物量浓度、螺旋藻比生长速率、藻光合放氧量及藻光合色素等螺旋藻生长特性的影响，并分析了ＬＥＤ集成光电板辐射红光及红、蓝组合双波长光质与冷白荧光灯光质对藻类各有效组成部分的影响。结果表明，在光辐射强度尚未达到饱和光辐射强度之前，光辐射强度决定螺旋藻的比生长速度；超过饱和光辐射强度，光合作用产氧量趋向恒定，说明螺旋藻光合器官具有光合稳定性；与冷白荧光日光灯组相比，ＬＥＤ集成光电板射红光及红，蓝组合双波长光质非常适合螺旋藻的生长并促进细胞干重、叶绿素、藻胆蛋白的增加，在相同的光辐射强度[275.9μmol/(m^2.s)]下，采用ＬＥＤ集成光辐射板辐射单色红光与冷白荧光日光灯组相比，藻胆蛋白、藻细胞干重吸绿素a分别增加４３．３９％、９８．４０％，５１．５６３％。     

Spatial distribution and behavior of dissolved selenium speciation in the South China Sea and Malacca Straits during spring inter-monsoon period

Selenium(Se) has been recognized as a key trace element that is associated with growth of primary producers in oceans. During March and May 2018, surface water(67 samples) was collected and measured by HG-ICP-MS to investigate the distribution and behavior of selenite [Se(IV)], selenate [Se(VI)] and dissolved organic selenides(DOSe) concentrations in the Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE), South China Sea(SCS) and Malacca Straits(MS). It showed that Se(IV)(0.14–3.44 nmol/L) was the dominant chemical species in the ZRE, related to intensive manufacture in the watershed; while the major species shifted to DOSe(0.05–0.79 nmol/L) in the MS, associated with the wide coverage of peatland and intensive agriculture activities in the Malaysian Peninsula. The SCS was identified as the northern and southern sections(NSCS and SSCS) based on the variations of surface circulation.The insignificant variation of Se(IV) in the NSCS and SSCS was obtained in March, potentially resulting from the high chemical activity and related preferential assimilation by phytoplankton communities. Contrastively, the lower DOSe concentrations in the SSCS likely resulted from higher primary production and utilization during March. During May, the concentration of Se(IV) remained low in the NSCS and SSCS, while DOSe concentrations increased notably in the SSCS, likely due to the impact of terrestrial inputs from surface current reversal and subsequent accumulation. On a global scale, DOSe is the dominant Se species in tropical oceans, while Se(IV) and Se(VI) are major fractions in high-latitude oceans, resulting from changes in predominated phytoplankton and related biological assimilation.     

Total selenium and selenium (IV) in the James River estuary and southern Chesapeake Bay

The concentrations of total selenium (Se) and Se (IV) were determined in the surface waters of 30 stations located in the James River and southern Chesapeake Bay. The concentrations of total Se and Se (IV) ranged from 0·28 to 1·91 nM and from 0·07 to 1·36 nM, respectively, between salinities of 31·78 and 0·06‰. The concentration of Se (VI), calculated as the difference between the concentrations of total Se and Se (IV), ranged from 0·08 to 0·67 nM. While total Se seemed to be conservative in this study area at salinities above 0·36‰, Se (IV) might have been removed during estuarine mixing. The removal of Se (IV) occurred primarily at salinities below 4‰ possibly via the oxidation of Se (IV) to Se (VI).     

锗对几种微藻生长的影响

根据锗对微囊藻、聚球藻和钝顶螺旋藻生长影响的研究表明，锗对藻类生长的影响因种类而异：微囊藻对锗的耐受能力较强，在培养范围内（０￣２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３，ＧｅＯ２），锗对其生长具促进作用；钝顶螺旋藻的正常生长浓度要低于２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３，当锗浓度达２５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时，生长受明显抑制；聚球藻对锗较敏感，锗浓度超过１２．５ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时会抑制其生长，甚至起毒害作用。文中还探讨了锗对藻类生长影响与藻细胞所     

长江口及其邻近海域溶解硒的地球化学控制过程研究

Dissolved selenium in the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary and its adjacent waters was determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry to elucidate the source, behavior in estuary, adsorption-desorption process and biological role. In surface water, Se(IV) concentration ranged 0.05–1.14 nmol/L and Se(VI) concentration varied 0.01–1.20 nmol/L, with the means of 0.76 and 0.49 nmol/L, respectively. In bottom water, Se(IV) content varied 0.03–0.27 nmol/L and Se(VI) content ranged 0.04–0.85 nmol/L, with the averages of 0.10 and 0.40 nmol/L, respectively. High level of Se(IV) was observed near the shore with a significant decrease towards the open sea, suggesting the continental input from the adjacent rivers. Large value of Se(VI) was found in bottom water, reflecting the release from suspended sediment. Besides, high value appeared in the same latitude of the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay illustrated the effect of lateral mixing and the long-distance transport of selenium. Se(VI), more soluble, occupied higher percentage in aqueous environment. The presence of Se(IV) resulted from the degradation of residue and the reduction of Se(VI) under anaerobic condition. The positive relationship to suspended particulate material(SPM) and negative correlation to depth indicated that Se(IV) tended to be released from the high density particulate matter. Instead, Se(VI) content did not significantly relate to SPM since it generally formed inner-sphere complex to iron hydroxide. Se(IV) content negatively varied to salinity and largely depended on the freshwater dilution and physical mixing. While, Se(VI) level deviated from the dilution line due to the in situ biogeochemical process such as removal via phytoplankton uptake and inputs via organic matter regeneration. As the essential element, Se(IV) was confirmed more bioavailable to phytoplankton growth than Se(VI), and moreover, seemed to be more related to phosphorus than to nitrogen.     

海马齿浮床对富营养化海湾营养盐削减的模型评价：以东山湾八尺门养殖海域为例

Many coastal seas are severely eutrophic and required to reduce nutrient concentrations to meet a certain water quality standard. We proposed a method for nutrient removal by planting Sesuvium portulacastrum at the water surface using the floating beds in the aquaculture area of the Dongshan Bay as an example, which is an important net-cage culture base in China and where dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) reach 0.75 mg/L and 0.097 mg/L, respectively far exceeding China's Grade IV water quality standards.Numerical simulations were taken using the ecological model, field observations and field plantation experimental results to assess the environmental restoration effects of planting S. portulacastrum at some certain spatial scales. Our field experiments suggested that the herbs can absorb 377 g/m~2 nitrogen and 22.9 g/m~2 phosphorus in eight months with an inserting density of ～60 shoot/m~2. The numerical experiments show that the greater the plantation area is, the more nutrient removal. Plantation in ～12% of the study area could lower nutrients to the required Grade II standards, i.e., 0.2 mg/LDIN≤0.3 mg/L and 0.015 mg/LDIP≤0.03 mg/L.Here the phytoremediation method and results provide helpful references for environmental restoration in other eutrophic seas.     

海水钝顶螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的初步研究

对海水钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina platensis Geitler藻胆蛋白进行分离、纯化及光谱测定,其种类和吸收光谱与淡水钝顶螺旋藻相似。光强和氮源是影响藻胆蛋白的重要因子,低光强可诱导海水钝顶螺旋藻藻胆蛋白含量大幅度(19.7％)增加;氮源不足或缺乏可导致藻胆蛋白大量降解,随后补充氮源则可使藻胆蛋白含量得到恢复,因而证明藻胆蛋白在海水钝顶螺旋藻中亦可起“氮库(nitrogen pool)”的作用。海南三亚室外生产的海水钝顶螺旋藻干品的藻胆蛋白含量随季节呈现周期性变化,光强可能是主要的影响因子。     

节旋藻和螺旋藻对7种抗生素敏感性的比较研究

对两种丝状蓝藻(钝顶节旋藻和盐泽螺旋藻)在基因工程中常用作选择试剂的7种抗生素——氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、红霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素和新霉素的敏感性作比较实验.结果表明,两种蓝藻对抗生素的敏感性既有共同的特点,也有明显的差异.它们对红霉素、氯霉素和链霉素最敏感,致死浓度分别为0.1,0.5和5μg/cm3.两种蓝藻对氨苄青霉素比较敏感,1μg/cm3的氨苄青霉素即可抑制Arthrospira.341和Spirulina.351的生长,但6d后生长恢复.Arthrospira.341和Spirulina.351对卡那霉素、庆大霉素和新霉素均有抗性,而且存在很大差异:300μg/cm3的卡那霉素对Arthrospira.341的生长仍然没有影响,但对于Spirulina.351,50μg/cm3的卡那霉素即对其生长有明显抑制作用;200μg/cm3的卡那霉素即可将其全部致死.200μg/cm3的庆大霉素和300μg/cm3的新霉素不能抑制Arthrospira.341和Spirulina.351的生长,但在这两种抗生素环境中两种藻的生长状态有很大差异.并验证了氯霉素、红霉素和链霉素是节旋藻和螺旋藻基因转化过程中的有效的抗性选择剂,也从对抗生素敏感性方面表明节旋藻和螺旋藻两个属的遗传差异.