唐山北部地区浅层一维剪切波速度结构初步研究

2019年8月2日河北省唐山市路南区某矿井区发生M_L2.4巷道塌陷,基于塌陷周边台站观测到的短周期瑞雷波,提取面波基阶群速度频散曲线,并利用迭代反演方法得到研究区域地下10 km深度范围内的一维剪切波速度结构,用于精定位分析。速度分析结果表明,研究区域浅表剪切波速度约为2.46 km/s;深度为2 km时,塌陷周边存在小范围的低速区,速度约为2.57 km/s;深度约为4 km时,剪切波速度达3.47 km/s;深度为5～9 km时,唐山东部沉积盆地内存在1个剪切波低速层。精定位分析结果表明,增加浅层速度模型有助于提高深度较小的地震定位精度;塌陷周边的低速区向下延伸近20 km,为地震多发区。     

太行山构造带壳幔结构分段性特征

分别利用纯S波波形反演和T函数法计算了太行山构造带及其邻近地区100km以上的壳幔剪切波速度结构,结果显示太行山构造带在南、中、北段的壳幔结构存在明显差异。南段邢台邯郸地区地壳中比较突出的特点是下地壳存在一个厚度近10km的低速层;中段石家庄—保定地区靠近山脉的各台地壳结构相对比较稳定,越向盆地区发展,结构愈加复杂化;北段到达北京地区,由于该区是太行山与燕山构造带的交汇地区,中下地壳出现薄高低速转换层位,呈现不稳定状态。沿太行山构造带东缘是地震活动带-河北平原地震带,通过对比速度结构与地震空间分布,发现不同区段小震分布特点与地下低速或不稳定结构关系密切。结合该区域上地幔速度结构特征,认为太行山中段与华北地区中新生代以来的岩石圈大规模减薄运动关系密切,而南北两段当前地幔物质比较活跃,构造运动相对更为强烈。     

中国南北带地壳上地幔三维面波速度结构和各向异性

本文用长周期763地震仪面波群速度资料反演了中国南北带及邻区的三维速度结构.其中采集238条瑞利波和358条勒夫波混合频散曲线,使用均等显示滤波方法,并以4°×4°为一格将我国境内分为147格.用随机逆反演方法得到了研究区16格的纯路径频散.面波速度结构及演结果表明:1.莫霍界面深度一般在40-50km之间,最深达65km.总趋势是从东到西加深,且在南北带西侧南北两端向中部明显加深,东侧变化小.2.地幔顶部普遍出现很厚的低速层,上界面一般埋深60-80km.上地幔顶盖厚度一般为20-60km,速度为4.30-4.50km/s.3.研究区普遍存在各向异性,而且勒夫波和瑞利波速度的差值(V_SV-V_SH)的绝对值随深度有增大的特点,在南北带南部和西北部V_SV-V_SH各向异性现象更为明显.     

青藏高原及邻近地区地壳与上地幔剪切波三维速度结构

本文利用30个基准台所记录的238条长周期面波资料,经过适配滤波和分格频散反演,得到中国大陆及邻区147个分格10-105s的纯路径频散,进而反演出青藏高原及邻近地区深至170km的剪切波三维速度结构.研究表明,青藏高原中西部地区和东部地区的地壳平均厚度分别为70±7km和65±7km,地壳平均剪切波速度分别为3.55和3.62km/s,上地幔顶盖平均速度分别为4.63和4.61km/s; 岩石层厚度均为120±10km;东部地区下地壳内30-40km深度处普遍存在低速层;青藏高原及其东侧的上地幔低速层内有横贯东西且明显向上隆起的低速腔.滇西缅北地区的地壳厚45±5km,上地壳及下地壳内都有低速层;上地幔顶盖的速度为4.42km/s,比青藏高原本体及恒河平原都低.恒河平原地壳厚34±2km,速度平均为3.45km/s;上地幔顶盖厚86±10km,速度平均为4.63km/s,顶盖内55-83km深处有一个低速夹层.     

Love wave tomography in Italy from seismic ambient noise

We estimate Love wave empirical Green's functions from cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise to study the crust and uppermost mantle structure in Italy.Transverse-component ambient noise data from October 2005 through March 2007 recorded at 114 seismic stations from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) national broadband network,the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) and the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) yield more than 2 000 Love wave group velocity measurements using the multiple-filter analysis technique.In the short period band (5-20 s),the cross-correlations show clearly one-sided asymmetric feature due to non-uniform noise distribution and high local activities,and in the long period band (20 s) this feature becomes weak owing to more diffusive noise distribution.Based on these measurements,Love wave group velocity dispersion maps in the 8-34 s period band are constructed,then the SH wave velocity structures from the Love wave dispersions are inverted.The final results obtained from Love wave data are overall in good agreement with those from Rayleigh waves.Both Love and Rayleigh wave inversions all reveal that the Po plain basin is resolved with low velocity at shallow depth,and the Tyrrhenian sea is characterized with higher velocity below 8 km due to its thin oceanic crust.     

缅甸弧及邻区的壳幔S波速度结构与动力学过程

用适配滤波频时分析技术处理了锡龙（SHIO）、清迈（CHTO）、昆明（KMI）和拉萨LSA）台记录的长周期数字化面波记录,获取了穿过缅甸弧及周边地区的530条路径的Rayleigh波频散,这些频散的周期范围为10.45～105.03 s.在此基础上,以分格频散反演方法从混合路径频散中提取了1°×1°网格内的纯路径频散,并且由网格内的纯路径频散反演出深达200 km的S波速度结构,最后重建了缅甸弧及周边地区的S波速度三维结构.所得结果表明：大致以实皆断裂为分界,其东部地壳波速较低,其西部地壳波速较高.印度-缅甸地区岩石圈厚度为110～130 km,上地幔顶部S波速度为43～4.4 km/s;而缅甸弧东侧的滇缅泰地块下方为一低速地幔柱上涌区,其宽度为150～200 km左右,这里的岩石圈厚度为70～80 km,上地幔顶部S波速度为41～4.2 km/s.另外,S波速度结构还反映出这一构造格局呈南北向的空间展布,并且与该区地震震源分布、断裂走向、火山分布有很好的对应关系.     

南海西南次海盆与南沙地块的OBS探测和地壳结构

跨越南海西南次海盆南部陆缘和南沙地块中部的OBS973-1测线是南海南部首次采集的海底地震仪(OBS)广角反射与折射深地震测线,本文通过震相分析和走时正演拟合,获得了沿测线的二维纵波速度结构模型.模拟结果显示表层沉积物速度2.5～4.5 km/s,厚度1000～3000m,局部基底面起伏较大.结晶基底的速度从顶部的4....     

巧家地震和鲁甸地震震源区周边P波速度结构

本文利用2010年1月至2020年6月巧家地震和鲁甸地震震源区周围发生地震事件的走时观测资料,应用双差层析成像方法获得了2014年MS6.5鲁甸地震和2020年5月18日巧家MS5.0地震周边区域中上地壳的P波速度结构.成像结果显示:整个研究区域的速度结构存在很强的非均匀性:在鲁甸地震震源区附近,浅部存在速度高达6.4...     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL S-WAVE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION BASED ON AMBIENT NOISE ANALYSIS IN EASTERN NORTH

We apply ambient noise tomography to continuous vertical component broadband seismic data between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011from the regional networks of 190 stations deployed by China Earthquake Administration in Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mengolia. Ambient noise cross-correlations were performed to produce the Green's functions of each station-pair. Firstly, we used the multiple-filter analysis method to extract surface wave group and phase velocity dispersion curves from inter-station paths at periods from 7 to 40s. Then the study area was discretized into a 0.2°×0.2° grid to obtain the group and phase velocity distributions using O'ccam inversion method. After that, three dimensional (3-D) S-wave velocity structures from the surface down to 50km are inverted from group and phase velocities dispersion results. the results of S wave velocity distribution maps generally demonstrate good correlations with surface geological and tectonic features, and they also clearly revealed the lateral velocity variation in the crust. In the mid-upper crust, the basins are clearly resolved with low S wave velocity due to its thick sedimentary layer, and the Taihang and Yanshan uplifts show relative higher S wave velocity distribution. With the increase of depth (>30km), the S wave velocity distribution presents a contrary characteristic compared to that of the shallow layer, and the S wave velocity beneath the Taihang and Yanshan uplifts are much lower than basin areas, which is possibly correlated with the thickness of the crust. 3-D S wave velocity shows a low-velocity zone at~10~20km depth observed beneath the Tanshan-Hejian-Xintai-Cixian belt and Bohai Bay. the low-velocity zone at~20~30km depth beneath the Datong area may be associated with the thermal material in the crust-mantle. Our S wave velocity distribution maps clearly show that Taihang Mountains is not only the boundary of topography and tectonic zone, but also the transition zone of high and low S wave velocity.     

华北地区三维地壳上地幔结构

本文用均等显示滤波频时分析方法分析了长周期瑞利面波资料,获得了路经中国大陆及邻区的238条混合路径的面波群速度频散,其周期范围为10.5-113s.用改进的分格反演方法从混合路径频散中提取出位于华北地区的12个4°×4°网格单元的纯路径频散并反演其地壳上地幔结构.所得结果表明,华北地区地壳上地幔结构横向变化显著;从东向西地壳逐渐变厚;位于华北东部的分格在地壳中20km深处普遍存在低速层,整个华北地区上地幔低速层埋藏较浅,一般为55-100km之间.各个网格上地幔低速层的速度不尽相同.     

沿107.6°E南北向剖面鄂尔多斯地块及周缘地区地壳结构

鄂尔多斯地块紧邻青藏高原东北缘,位于华北克拉通的西部,在我国中生代、新生代以来东部地区的构造活动中起到了重要作用.对鄂尔多斯及其周缘地区的研究可以提供有关华北克拉通的形成、演化和破坏过程的重要信息.本文选取了纵贯鄂尔多斯的107.6°E附近南北剖面上的44个流动地震台站进行分析,采用接收函数方法,进行Kirchhoff偏移成像,并且结合在该区域内前人的地震面波频散进行联合反演,获得剖面下方的地壳内部精细结构.研究结果显示:(1)莫霍面在鄂尔多斯北部较平缓,约45km深;在鄂尔多斯南部有所加深,达到50km;其北边的河套盆地的地壳厚度约为50km;南边的渭河盆地到秦岭地区及四川盆地的地壳厚度从约为40km增厚到47～50km.(2)河套盆地下方存在大规模的低速异常,最深可达25km,反映了其显著的拉张构造和沉积历史.(3)秦岭造山带下方的低速异常对应于其主要为长英质的地壳组分,可能是由于中生代的拆沉作用导致的地壳下部基性岩石层的缺失.(4)以38°N为界的鄂尔多斯地块,南北部地壳速度结构存在差异,可能表明了这两部分经历的构造历史不同.     

基于背景噪声初步研究河北及邻区的剪切波速度结构

本文根据2010年1～12月河北及邻区的83个宽频地震仪12个月连续噪声记录, 分析了河北及邻区瑞利面波的群速度频散曲线并反演了主要分区内的典型路径剪切波速度结构。 首先采用多重滤波方法提取了台站对5～50 s的面波群速度频散曲线, 然后用Herrmann线性反演方法反演了剪切波速度结构。 结果表明, 群速度频散曲线及剪切波速度分布特征与地表地质和构造特征表现出较好的相关性, 清晰地揭示了地壳内部的横向速度变化。 在短周期(8～20 s), 拥有较厚的沉积层的平原地区表现为明显的低速特征, 而隆起地区则表现为较高的群速度分布特征: 随着周期的增加(>20 s)速度的特征有所改变, 30 s之后由于受地壳厚度的影响, 两者的速度差异逐渐缩小, 在中下地壳波速度随深度增加而增大。 同时, 研究发现在研究区域内西南方向的噪声源占主导作用。     

上海地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究

通过在上海地区开展深、浅地震反射、地震宽角反射/折射、高分辨地震折射和大地电磁测深等联合剖面探测, 获得了该地区近地表至Moho面的精细速度结构、电性结构和深浅构造关系.结果表明, 该地区地壳可划分为上、中、下三个组成部分.其中,上地壳厚为12～14 km,波速为57～59 km/s;中地壳厚度约为10 km,波速为59～62 km/s;下地壳厚为10～11 km, 波速为62～63 km/s,Moho面深度约为32 km.剖面浅部地质构造复杂,共解释出12条特征明显的断裂.其中,除3条断裂错断结晶基底（G界面）并向下延伸至上地壳底界面外,其他断裂均在深度3～5 km以上终止或收敛于G界面之上.此外,仅在剖面西侧基底下部约13～15 km埋深处发现一厚度在2 km左右的壳内高导层.所以,在综合各方面资料后分析认为,在剖面经过地区不存在发生大地震的深部构造条件,近地表所存在的活动断层是未来产生对该区有影响地震的震源区.     

Shear Wave Velocity Structure of the Sinai Peninsula from Rayleigh Wave Analysis

The lithospheric structure of the Sinai Peninsula is shown by means of nine shear velocity profiles for depths ranging from zero to 50 km, determined from the Rayleigh wave analysis. The traces of 30 earthquakes, which occurred from 1992 to 1999 in and around the study area, have been used to obtain Rayleigh wave dispersion. These earthquakes were registered by a broadband station located in Egypt (KEG station). The dispersion curves were obtained for periods between 3 and 40 s, by digital filtering with a combination of MFT and TVF filtering techniques. After that, all seismic events were grouped in source zones to obtain a dispersion curve for each source-station path. These dispersion curves were inverted according to generalized inversion theory, to obtain shear wave velocity models for each source-station path, which is the main goal of this study. The shear velocity structure obtained for the Sinai Peninsula is shown through the shear velocity distributions with depth. These results agree well with the geology and other geophysical results, previously obtained from seismic and gravity data. The obtained velocity models suggest the existence of lateral and vertical heterogeneity. The shear velocity increases generally with depth for all paths analyzed in the study area. Nevertheless, in some paths a small low velocity channel in the upper or lower crust occurs. Along these profiles, it is found that the crustal structure of the Sinai Peninsula consists of three principal layers: upper crust with a sedimentary layer and lower crust. The upper crust has a sedimentary cover of 2 km thick with an average S-velocity of 2.53 km/s. This upper crust has a variable thickness ranging from 12 to 18 km, with S-wave velocity ranging from 3.24 to 3.69 km/s. The Moho discontinuity is located at a depth of 30 km, which is reflected by a sharp increase in the S-velocity values that jump from 3.70–4.12 to 4.33–4.61 km/s.     

云南地区地壳中上部横波速度结构研究

根据云南地区的基阶瑞利波相速度频散资料，用面波层析成像方法反演得到该区域中上地壳S波速度结构. 给出了研究区域内在4个深度上的S波速度水平分布图像和沿100.5°E、24°N、25°N、26°N及27°N的S波速度-深度剖面图. 结果表明：在小江断裂与红河断裂围成的川滇菱形块体内，26～30km深度处的速度明显低于周边地区，其南段从地表到15km深度均为明显的低速区域. 云南地区的强震（M＞6.0）震中位置与S波速度分布图像具有明显的相关性，主要分布于高速与低速的过渡区域.     

The Crust-mantle Structure and Seismic Risk in Tangyin Graben and Its Adjacent Area

1-D and 2-D calculation and interpretation are carried out with the DSS data from the western section of Heze-Changzhi profile and the southern section of Zhengzhou-Jinan profile. 2-D velocity structure is determined in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area. The result shows that velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle is obviously different in vertical and lateral directions. Crustal thickness varies apparently in this area, and there are local low velocity blocks in the interior crust. The swelling M-discontinuity corresponds to Tangyin graben and Moho depth at the highest swelling position is 31 km. Toward the east, its depth gradually increases to 32 km in Xunxian swelling; toward the west, M-discontinuity becomes a steep zone at the piedmont uplift of Taihang Mountain and reaches 40 km at depth near Changzhi. Through analyzing the relationship between historical earthquakes and deep structure in North China, we infer that seismic risk exists in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area.     

利用小震重新定位结果研究河北文安地震前地震活动三维空间特征

利用首都圈地区小震重新定位结果, 研究了2006年7月4日河北文安5.1级地震前地震活动特征, 结果表明: ① 文安地震前5年, 河北平原带中段M_L≥3.0地震活动出现明显的增强(持续43个月)—平静(持续17个月)特点, 蠕变曲线表现为加速—转平; ② 震前4年, 在15～20 km深处存在一个纬向长约70 km、 经向长约90 km的三维空区, 文安地震的起始破裂点位于该三维空区的下部边缘; ③ 2003年4月～2004年10月, 平原带中段M_L≥2.0地震震源深度从10 km的浅处逐渐增加到30 km左右的深处, 在此过程中, 中下地壳(20～30 km深度范围内)地震活动显著增强。     

利用面波和接收函数联合反演滇西地区壳幔速度结构

考虑到面波频散对介质S波速度、接收函数对界面深度的各自敏感性优势,综合利用面波和接收函数资料实现联合反演,求取滇西地区壳幔速度结构. 本文利用适配滤波频时分析技术处理覆盖滇西地区的长周期面波资料,获得105～1050s周期范围内的面波群速度频散,进而利用分格反演方法提取研究区内1°×1°网格纯路径频散;基于滇西地区宽频带三分量远震记录,经反褶积后得到台站下方的远震P波接收函数. 联立面波纯路径频散信息和接收函数资料建立系统方程,利用阻尼最小二乘法实现联合反演,从而获得滇西地区壳幔S波速度结构. 结果表明,滇西地区以红河断裂为界,东西两侧壳幔结构存在明显差异,断裂西侧约20km深度处存在一厚度为10km左右的低速层,而东侧并不明显;滇缅泰块体上的畹町、沧源一带属于上地幔低速区,而另一个地幔低速区则位于滇中块体上的康滇古隆起上,两处地幔低速区与大地高热流分布、强震活动具有较好的对应关系.     

THE INVERSION OF S-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE IN NINGXIA AND ITS ADJACENT AREA USING BACKGROUND NOISE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

In this paper, we use seismic waveform data of 90 seismic stations in Ningxia and its adjacent areas recorded between January 2012 and December 2013 to obtain the Rayleigh surface wave group velocity dispersion of the study area according to the noise imaging method and the 3-D S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Ningxia and its adjacent regions. The results show that within the depth range of 10~40km in Yinchuan graben and Liupanshan fault belt there exists a slow anomaly body, and with the increase of the depth this slow anomaly becomes an abnormal slow zone surrounding Lanzhou Basin between the massif arcuate structure of northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau and Alxa block. The 3-D S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle of the study area presents obvious lateral inhomogeneity. These results have important significance for the study of the dynamics of active tectonic zones and mechanism of strong earthquakes in Ningxia and its adjacent areas.     

穿越南沙礼乐滩的海底地震仪广角地震试验

本文对穿越礼乐滩东北部向西北方向延伸进入中央海盆长369 km的广角地震剖面OBS973-2进行了反演研究,以期了解南海南部陆缘的地壳结构,同时探讨南、北陆缘的共轭问题.结果表明OBS973-2剖面的速度模型中三个沉积层的速度分别为1.8～2.0 km/s、2.0～2.7 km/s和3.5～4.0 km/s;沿剖面沉积...