孙吴—嘉荫盆地沾河断陷构造变形及其对沉积作用的制约

为了揭示孙吴—嘉荫盆地的构造特征、构造变形及其对沉积作用的制约,本文对沾河断陷的地震剖面进行了精细地质解释和相应的研究工作。沾河断陷为孙吴—嘉荫盆地的一个一级构造单元,自白垩纪开始主要经历了2个构造变形阶段：下白垩统宁远村组—淘淇河组上段下部沉积时期为NW—SE向伸展作用阶段,形成NE向大型犁式正断层及由其控制的箕状断陷,盆地连续接受沉积,断陷的沉降中心始终位于控陷正断层上盘靠近断层的部位,断陷盆地的规模与沉积范围随着控陷断层规模和断距的增大逐渐扩展,盆地具有裂谷盆地的性质;下白垩统淘淇河组上段上部—新近系孙吴组沉积时期为NW—SE向挤压作用阶段,形成反转构造、断层传播褶皱和走滑构造。在反转作用过程中,早期伸展断陷受到强烈改造,不仅在断层上盘靠近断层的部位形成大型反转背斜,而且使远离控陷断层的断陷缓坡带发生旋转式隆升,盆地的沉降中心迁移到盆地中间部位;随着反转背斜的隆升速率逐渐大于断陷缓坡带的隆升速率,盆地的沉降中心也逐渐向盆地的NW侧迁移,盆地绝大部分区域的沉降速率、沉积速率始终大于隆升速率,地层是连续沉积的,不存在沉积间断。仅在永安村组—鱼亮子组沉积时期,反转背斜带较高部位的隆升速...     

银根—额济纳旗中生代盆地构造演化及油气勘探前景

银根-额济纳旗盆地是中新生代陆相盆地，前中生代岩石构成盆地基底。晚三叠世-侏罗纪进入了断陷盆地发育阶段，早白垩世为断陷盆地全面发展期，晚白垩世为坳陷期，其后表现为挤压抬升状态。发育中下侏罗统和下白垩统两个含油气系统，部分坳陷生、储、盖条件及其组合十分优越，勘探实践证实有过油气运聚，显示了盆地良好的油气勘探前景。目前需要抓住勘探重点，从有利区带和圈闭人手，注重湖相沉积演化的特点和岩浆岩对烃源岩演化及油气成藏的影响，寻找突破口，打开该区油气勘探的新局面。     

松南地区构造-地层层序与盆地演化

松南地区地跨兴蒙-吉黑褶皱带、华北板块及其北缘增生带等大地构造单元,主要发育一系列晚中生代小规模断陷沉积盆地,这些断陷盆地具有“多阶段演化和后期强烈改造”特征,目前已在彰武、昌图、茫汉等断陷发现了油气田。如何认识这些强烈改造断陷的含油气潜力、持续拓展油气发现是目前油气勘探研究的重点,剖析其构造-地层层序,解析盆地演化历史,是深入认识地区的油气地质条件、开展油气资源预测的重要基础。本文基于研究区最新的探井和地震资料,并结合周缘1:250 000区域地质填图成果,建立研究区内的地层系统;依据区域不整合面的发育特征,划分构造-地层层序与盆地演化阶段,探讨盆地形成历史。研究认为,松南地区的沉积盆地主要是在环太平洋构造体制的控制下发育的;发育下白垩统义县组底部、下白垩统泉头组底部、上白垩统四方台组底部等3个区域性不整合面,据此划分出基底构造层、断陷构造层、坳陷构造层、盆地反转构造层等四套构造-地层层序;相应地,松南地区经历了基底形成期、早白垩世断陷期、早白垩世末-晚白垩世坳陷期、晚白垩世末盆地反转期等四个盆地演化阶段;松南地区构造演化控制了区内含油气系统的发育与油气分布规律,下白垩统断陷构造层是目前勘探的主要目的层,油气地质条件优越,具有较好的油气勘探前景。     

蛟河盆地白垩系石油地质特征及有利勘探区块预测

蛟河盆地是吉林省蛟河市境内的一个中生代断陷型盆地,由3 个Ⅰ级构造单元( 蛟北坳陷、蛟南坳陷、蛟东断坡) 组成。盆地内广泛发育下白垩统奶子山组、乌林组及保家屯组。烃源岩地化特征分析结果表明其具有良好的生烃物质基础。从盆地构造特征、烃源岩以及储盖条件等方面对盆地石油地质条件进行了初步的评价。综合研究表明,盆地下一步油气勘探主要有利区块位于蛟北坳陷,其次为蛟南坳陷。     

黑龙江东部三江盆地绥滨坳陷构造演化与煤层气勘探评价

利用三江盆地绥滨坳陷新获取的地震、测井、钻井等勘探资料,通过构造解析和演化史研究认为三江盆地主要表现为中生代构造残留盆地与新生代伸展盆地的叠合,先后经历了晚侏罗世的断陷、早白垩世中—晚期的断陷和坳陷以及新生代的断陷-坳陷等4期成盆演化以及侏罗纪末和晚白垩世2期构造挤压改造。下白垩统含煤地层城子河组和穆棱组是绥滨凹陷中生界的主体。本文采用基于GIS的多层次模糊综合评价方法,从煤层气生气潜力和储气潜力两大项,考虑了煤类、煤厚、含气量、沉积相和构造地质条件等因素,对该区煤层气有利分布区进行了预测,提出绥滨坳陷东南部是煤层气勘探的最有利区域。     

海拉尔盆地构造演化及油气勘探前景

海拉尔盆地为海西褶皱基底上发育的晚中生代—古近纪断-坳陷盆地,控盆的边界断裂主要为北东向和北北东向,形成于早白垩世,之后经受了多期反转。海拉尔盆地的沉积可划分为3大构造层:兴安岭群上段、铜钵庙组和南屯组为断陷构造层,大磨拐河组和伊敏组为断-坳转换构造层,上白垩统青元岗组和古近系为坳陷构造层。该盆地在古近纪发生萎缩并闭合,在近东西向的挤压力作用下形成北东向的反转构造带,为油气的聚集提供了良好的圈闭。新近纪开始新一阶段的拉张和沉陷。该地的新构造运动相当活跃,本文论述了其主要表现为断陷湖盆的形成、地表径流的分布和断阶构造的发育,指出其特征为继承性和加强性,使盆地发育阶段的坳(凹)陷在新近纪内进一步沉陷。在此基础上讨论了海拉尔盆地的油气勘探前景。     

银-额盆地侏罗、白垩系油气超系统特征及其勘探方向

银－额盆地位于四大板块交汇拼合地带，发育于中生代板内拉分裂陷演化阶段，由一系列彼此分割相对独立的侏罗－白垩纪断陷湖盆群组成，发育典型的中生代侏罗，白垩系油气超系统。研究表明侏罗系油气超系统（主要为中下侏罗统）分布局限，煤系烃源岩发育较差，热演化程度高，自身储盖组合欠佳，因其与上覆下白垩统油气超系统的叠合，使得该油气超系统具有一定的含油气勘探远景。白垩系（主要为下白垩统）油气超系统分布广泛，湖相烃源岩发育，储盖组合良好，成藏配置较佳，尤以上白垩统－－第三系与下白垩统叠合的凹陷油气勘探前景最为乐观，下白垩统油气超系统中最有利的勘探方向位于多期叠合，埋藏较深的单断箕状凹陷的斜坡区。     

松辽外围东部通化盆地油气来源研究——来自通地1井的证据

通化盆地是发育在中生代基底之上的断陷盆地,勘探程度低,在该盆地三棵榆树凹陷钻探的通地1井发现油气显示,但油气来源尚不清楚,制约着盆地后续油气资源勘探部署工作。本文通过对通地1井原油和岩心烃源岩生物标志化合物的特征分析对比,发现通地1井原油与下白垩统下桦皮甸子组和亨通山组黑色泥质烃源岩具有类似的生物标志化合物分布特征,推测三棵榆树凹陷原油主要来自下白垩统下桦皮甸子组烃源岩,也可能来自亨通山组烃源岩,这一成果扩展了通化盆地及周缘油气勘探领域,为通化盆地下一步油气基础地质研究和勘探部署提供重要依据。     

巴西桑托斯盆地含油气系统划分与评价

巴西桑托斯盆地深水区白垩系—新生界的油气绝大部分分布于圣保罗高地,其次分布于盆地陆坡坳陷区。盆地的下白垩统区域性蒸发岩盖层为盐下油气藏的形成提供了保证。根据盆地的构造格局以及烃源岩、储集层和油气分布的特征,划分出两个含油气系统:下白垩统含油气系统和上白垩统含油气系统,下白垩统含油气系统还可划分为盐下和盐上两个成藏组合。划定了含油气系统在盆地中的分布范围。认为圣保罗高地下白垩统盐下Guaratiba群湖相碳酸盐岩层系最有勘探潜力,盆地北部和中部的上白垩统土伦阶Ilhabela段浊积岩和新生界Marambaia组内浊积岩储层具有较大的勘探潜力,西南部下白垩统盐上Guaruja组海相碳酸盐岩储层亦有一定的勘探潜力。     

南苏门达腊盆地油气地质特征与勘探潜力分析

以广泛收集的数据资料为依据,运用含油气盆地理论方法,总结南苏门达腊盆地构造沉积演化和油气地质特征,探讨油气分布规律,分析其勘探潜力。结果显示,南苏门达腊盆地是新生代弧后裂谷盆地,经历了裂前、裂谷、过渡、坳陷和反转等5个演化阶段。主力烃源岩为过渡期沉积的炭质页岩和煤层,储集层主要为上渐新统砂岩、下中新统灰岩和裂缝基底。油气总体呈现"深层气、中层油和气、浅层油"的分布特征,主要富集于构造及构造复合相关圈闭中。断裂、储层发育有利相带和凹中隆是控制油气分布的主要因素。盆地油气成藏条件良好,具有较好的勘探潜力。生烃灶周边断裂发育的斜坡、古隆起是有利的勘探区,凹陷内的岩性、地层圈闭也是有利的勘探目标,应加大对此类圈闭的研究和勘探力度。     

A comparison of burial,maturity and temperature histories of selected wells from sedimentary basins in The Netherlands

Sedimentary basins in The Netherlands contain significant amounts of hydrocarbon resources, which developed in response to temperature and pressure history during Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. Quantification and modelling of burial, maturity and temperature histories are the major goals of this study, allowing for a better understanding of the general geological evolution of the different basins as well as petroleum generation. All major basins in The Netherlands encountered at least one time of inversion and therefore moderate to high amounts of erosion. In order to determine the amount of inversion the basins have experienced, a 1D study was performed on 20 wells within three basins (West Netherlands, Central Netherlands and Lower Saxony Basins). New vitrinite reflectance values were obtained and existing data re-evaluated to gain a good data base. The burial histories of six wells, two for each studied basin, are presented here, to demonstrate the differences in basin evolution that led to their present shape and petroleum potential. The Permo-Triassic subsidence phase can be recognized in all three basins, but with varying intensity. In the Jurassic, the basins experienced different relative movements that culminated in the Cretaceous when the influence of the inversion caused erosion of up to 2,500 m. Most wells show deepest burial at present-day, whereas the timing of maximum temperature differs significantly.     

鄂尔多斯盆地与国外相似盆地对比及其中生界石油储量预测

选取3个国外克拉通盆地,即西西伯利亚盆地、巴黎盆地和伊利诺斯盆地,与鄂尔多斯盆地进行对比。鄂尔多斯盆地作为发育在坳拉谷基底之上的克拉通盆地,具有含丰富油气资源量的地质基础。鄂尔多斯盆地为中生代陆相沉积,其烃源岩的分布相对于整个盆地较为局限,圈闭类型较为复杂多样,除此之外的其他地质因素均比较相似。根据盆地对比估算得到鄂尔多斯盆地中生界的探明石油储量为17.21 x10⁸t据西西伯利亚盆地)、22.67 x10⁸t据巴黎盆地)和24. 40 x10⁸t (据伊利诺斯盆地),表明鄂尔多斯盆地中生界具有很大的资源潜力和勘探前景。     

Salt redistribution during extension and inversion inferred from 3D backstripping

A 3D backstripping approach considering salt flow as a consequence of spatially changing overburden load distribution, isostatic rebound and sedimentary compaction for each backstripping step is used to reconstruct the subsidence history in the Northeast German Basin. The method allows to determine basin subsidence and the salt-related deformation during Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic inversion and during Late Triassic–Jurassic extension. In the Northeast German Basin, the deformation is thin-skinned in the basinal part, but thick-skinned at the basin margins. The salt cover is deformed due to Late Triassic–Jurassic extension and Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic inversion whereas the salt basement remained largely stable in the basin area. In contrast, the basin margins suffered strong deformation especially during Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic inversion. As a main question, we address the role of salt during the thin-skinned extension and inversion of the basin. In our modelling approach, we assume that the salt behaves like a viscous fluid on the geological time-scale, that salt and overburden are in hydrostatical near-equilibrium at all times, and that the volume of salt is constant. Because the basement of the salt is not deformed due to decoupling in the basin area, we consider the base of the salt as a reference surface, where the load pressure must be equilibrated. Our results indicate that major salt movements took place during Late Triassic to Jurassic E–W directed extension and during Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic NNE–SSW directed compression. Moreover, the study outcome suggests that horizontal strain propagation in the salt cover could have triggered passive salt movements which balanced the cover deformation by viscous flow. In the Late Triassic, strain transfer from the large graben systems in West Central Europe to the east could have caused the subsidence of the Rheinsberg Trough above the salt layer. In this context, the effective regional stress did not exceed the yield strength of the basement below the Rheinsberg Trough, but was high enough to provoke deformation of the viscous salt layer and its cover. During the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic phase of inversion, horizontal strain propagation from the southern basin margin into the basin can explain the intensive thin-skinned compressive deformation of the salt cover in the basin. The thick-skinned compressive deformation along the southern basin margin may have propagated into the salt cover of the basin where the resulting folding again was balanced by viscous salt flow into the anticlines of folds. The huge vertical offset of the pre-Zechstein basement along the southern basin margin and the amount of shortening in the folded salt cover of the basin indicate that the tectonic forces responsible for this inversion event have been of a considerable magnitude.     

东营凹陷烃类流体热演化模拟研究——基于Basin2盆地模拟软件

通过运用Basin2盆地模拟软件,模拟东营凹陷的烃类流体热演化表明,该凹陷为高地温梯度沉积盆地,古地温梯度值随着地质年代的更新逐渐下降。研究区下第三系地层中内部洼陷地温梯度较凹陷的凸起区以及南缓坡带、北陡坡带低,同时南缓坡带的地温梯度比北陡坡带较高。因此,隆起区的生油门限要起比洼陷处略浅些,在时间上隆起区的生油门限要起比洼陷处也略旱。东营凹陷的烃源岩属于东营组、沙河街组和孔店组,但主力烃源岩主要来属于孔店组地层、沙河街组沙四段和沙三段.从区域上来看,烃源岩分布主要是在沉积厚度大的洼陷内,并已经进入生油高峰,而凹陷凸起区和缓坡带以及陡坡带的烃源岩主要属于低成熟阶段．     

广西合浦、南宁、宁明、百色盆地烃源岩有机地球化学特征与勘探潜力分析

广西合浦、南宁、宁明等第三系盆地的主要烃源岩层与百色盆地一样,均是中始新统深湖-半深湖相暗色泥质岩层,特点是分布面积广,厚度大,有机质丰度高.有机碳含量多数大于2.0%,达到"好"到"最好"的评价标准.有机质成熟度多数处于低熟阶段,部分在成熟阶段.干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1型.综合分析认为:合浦、南宁、宁明三个盆地都具有优质...     

中非Melut盆地与我国东部裂谷盆地的类比及意义

Melut盆地为中非地区重要的含油气裂谷盆地,具被动裂谷成盆特征,处于区域构造勘探向"三新领域"勘探的转型阶段,油气富集规律尚不十分清楚,通过开展Melut盆地与我国东部主动裂谷盆地的类比分析,有助于深化盆地成藏认识,推进勘探转型.研究表明,Melut盆地北部具被动裂谷成盆特征,发育大型富油凹陷,形成以古近系跨时代成藏组合为主,近源白垩系成藏组合为辅的油气富集特点,古近系Yabus组上段跨时代岩性油藏与近源白垩系Galhak组断块油藏是北部深化勘探的重要领域;盆地中南部具被动裂谷与主动裂谷的叠加演化过程,与海拉尔盆地相似,具小型断陷沉积充填与成藏特征,近源成藏组合是有利的勘探对象,继承性洼槽内低凸起、凹陷间断裂隆起带及缓坡断层坡折带是有利的成藏构造带.该研究深化了Melut盆地成藏认识,明确了盆地南北具有不同的成盆机制与成藏特征,对推动北部成熟探区深化勘探与中南部低探区勘探突破具有重要意义.     

天山东段地区二叠系芦草沟组沉积特征与古环境对比

天山东段地区二叠系芦草沟组的沉积时代、沉积环境和构造背景存在争议。根据芦草沟组中发现的标准化石桃树园吐鲁番鳕、托姆介介形虫和孢粉化石组合,结合沉积地层中大量碎屑锆石最年轻峰值年龄261 Ma,认为芦草沟组的沉积时代为瓜德鲁普世(中二叠世)而非乌拉尔世(早二叠世)。近年来,在芦草沟组中发现典型海相指示矿物海绿石、海相或海陆交互相托姆介介形虫,加之超高盐度咸化湖盆的证实,认为芦草沟组主体为湖相沉积,但部分沉积时段受到海侵(泛)事件影响。天山东段地区准噶尔盆地、三塘湖盆地、吐哈盆地二叠系芦草沟组具有相似的岩石组合、动物群面貌和构造特征,但不同盆地古盐度、古气候、古氧化还原条件、古水深、初级生产力及热液输入强度等具有差异,分析认为芦草沟组形成于相似的伸展裂谷构造背景,但不同盆地之间沉积特征具有差异、不具备统一的沉积中心,为一系列弥散性裂谷盆地群。     

晚白垩世西峡盆地和夏馆盆地古地震事件的发现及意义

以大量的野外工作为基础,辅以地球化学研究,确定了西峡盆地和夏馆盆地普遍存在着古地震事件的物质记录。同沉积期古地震事件主要表现为同沉积小断裂、同沉积角砾岩层等,且同沉积地震事件对于河流侵蚀作用的产生具有重要的影响;成岩期古地震事件主要表现为沿断裂上盘砾岩的"涂抹"和成岩期形成的方解石擦磨晶体,以及由断裂(裂隙)所围限的不同于周侧岩性的块体。古地震事件的研究不仅可以为恐龙蛋的埋藏作用提供信息,也可以为研究古地理和古构造背景提供信息。     

The Hawkesbury sandstone and the Brahmaputra: A depositional model for continental sheet sandstones

Bedding characteristics of the fluvial Hawkesbury Sandstone (Triassic) of the Sydney Basin are most readily explained in terms of a model of flood‐ and falling‐stage vertical accretion derived from Coleman's study of the Brahmaputra. This model suggests inadequacies in present concepts of ‘braided stream’ deposits based on observations made at low stage. A Brahmaputra model may be widely applicable to continental sheet sandstones.     

Basin evolution of the northern part of the Northeast German Basin — Insights from a 3D structural model

A 3D structural model for the entire southwestern Baltic Sea and the adjacent onshore areas was created with the purpose to analyse the structural framework and the sediment distribution in the area. The model was compiled with information from several geological time-isochore maps and digital depth maps from the area and consists of six post-Rotliegend successions: The Upper Permian Zechstein; Lower Triassic; Middle Triassic; Upper Triassic–Jurassic; Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This structural model was the basis for a 3D backstripping approach, considering salt flow as a consequence of spatially changing overburden load distribution, isostatic rebound and sedimentary compaction for each backstripping step in order to reconstruct the subsidence history in the region. This method allows determination of the amount of tectonic subsidence or uplifting as a consequence of the regional stress field acting on the basin and was followed by a correlation with periods of active salt movement. In general, the successions above the highly deformed Zechstein evaporites reveal a thickening trend towards the Glückstadt Graben, which also experienced the highest amount of tectonic subsidence during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Two periods of accelerating salt movement in the area has been correlated with the E–W directed extension during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic and later by the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic inversion, suggesting that the regional stress field plays a key role in halokinesis. The final part of this work dealt with a neotectonic forward modelling in an attempt to predict the future topography when the system is in a tectonic equilibrium. The result reveals that many of the salt structures in the region are still active and that future coastline will run with a WNW–ESE trend, arguing that the compressional stresses related to the Alpine collision are the prime factor for the present-day landscape evolution.