五台山晚太古代碰撞造山带构造演化

应用构造－岩性－事件法将五台山碰撞造山带划分为３个构造片体;弧前混杂岩带,古岛弧系和弧后混杂岩带。提出该造山带构造演化５个阶段：洋盆扩张阶段（〉２６００Ｍａ）;南部洋盆向微陆块下俯冲－－微陆块转化为岛弧阶段（２６００￣２５００Ｍａ）;弧前碰撞－弧后消减阶段（２５５０￣２５００Ｍａ）;陆一陆碰撞阶段,伸展作用阶段（２５０￣２４００Ｍａ）。     

关于太古宙—元古宙界线的新认识

２５００Ｍａ作为太古宙－元古宙界线的提议被２８届国际地质大会通过，但并不意味着２５００Ｍａ作为太古宙－元古宙界线是永恒的最佳选择。事实上，太古宙－元古宙界线划在何处还存在很多争论，现行的界线划分依据也期分期标准相悖。大量资料表明），２３００Ｍａ时曾发生全球地质环境的灾变，灾变前后的地质作用（尤其是表生地质作用），有明显变化，导致了太古宙与元古宙的一系列差别。该灾变与元古宙－显生宙，古生代－中生代，     

五台山晚太古代碰撞造山带构造演化

应用构造—岩性—事件法将五台山碰撞造山带划分为３个构造片体：弧前混杂岩带、古岛弧系和弧后混杂岩带。提出该造山带构造演化５个阶段：洋盆扩张阶段（＞２６００Ｍａ）;南部洋盆向微陆块下俯冲—微陆块转化为岛弧阶段（２６００～２５００Ｍａ）;弧前碰撞—弧后消减阶段（２５５０～２５００Ｍａ）;陆—陆碰撞阶段（２５５０～２４５０Ｍａ）;伸展作用阶段（２５００～２４００Ｍａ）。     

鲁西蒙山山脉中段早前寒武纪花岗质岩石岩石学和单锆石年龄

用Ｋｏｂｅｒ方法测定了平邑县、蒙阴县普照寺闪长岩、松山－邱子峪二长花岗岩、周公地－花果庄－宁子洞花岗闪长岩、余粮店辉长岩和东近台英云闪长岩的锆石年龄。多数样品中的锆石反映了多于一期的地质记录，其中东近台英云闪长岩中的锆石（２８６８±１３Ｍａ、２７１２±５Ｍａ、２７１１±７Ｍａ和２５９８±６Ｍａ误差均为２σ），反映了本区最老的地质记录；部分样品中的２４００Ｍａ可能反映了太古宙最后一期的地质作用；而大部分样品中的锆石显示了２５００Ｍａ和２６００Ｍａ的地质记录，即岩浆活动多集中于２６００Ｍａ、２５００Ｍａ和２４     

东北巴西博尔博雷玛省地质构造发育背景

东北巴西大部分属于博尔博雷玛省（Ｂｏｒｂｏｒｅｍａ）。全省可划分三个构造域,在克拉通化期间经历了三个主要构造热事件,２６００Ｍａ（太古宙）,２０００Ｍａ）古元古或外亚马孙）和７００Ｍａ到５５０Ｍａ的巴西利亚事件。古老的太古宙片麻岩构造窗分布较广泛,它主要是由高级再造的灰色片麻岩组成,受剪切带所限,多形成穹窿或半穹窿状,元古宙地质大多出露太古宙基底之间的片岩带区,晚元古巴西利亚运动期间,博尔博雷玛地     

湖南千里山花岗岩体的Nd－Sr同位素及岩石成因研究

本文利用Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线方法测得第一阶段似斑状黑云母花岗岩、第二阶段等粒黑云母花岗岩和第三阶段花岗斑岩的成岩年龄分别为（１５２±９）×１０￣６ａ、（１３７±７）×１０￣６ａ～（１３６±６）×１０￣６ａ和（１３１±１）×１０￣６ａ。Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ同位素资料表明各阶段花岗质岩石均基本上源于地壳物质的重熔。与钨多金属矿化有关的似斑状黑云母花岗岩和等粒黑云母花岗岩属同一岩浆体系分异演化的产物，其钕模式年龄（ｔ＿（ＤＭ）＝２３０７×１０￣６ａ）反映出成岩物质来自早元古宙地层的重熔。与铅－锌－银矿化有关的花岗斑岩的钕模式年龄（ｔ＿（ＤＭ）＝１２８４×１０￣６～１５７８×１０￣６ａ）示意出其成岩物质来自中元古宙地层的重熔。     

太古宙—元古宙过渡分界及成矿动力体制转换

太古宙与元古宙之间分界时限较窄、测年数据偏新和混乱, 极大遏制了地球早期基础地质的深入研究.通过太古宙与元古宙分界标志和过渡标志的确定, 将太古代—元古代间动力体制转换类型划分为4种: 挤压体制向扩张体制转换; 垂直运动与水平运动间转换; 水平主压应力场转换; 地幔柱体制向板块构造体制转换.太古代与元古代间动力体制转换产物主要为真核生物、放射性元素、岩浆、矿产, 各自形成时限可达(3~5) × 108 a.太古宙与元古宙之间分界不应以单一年代划分, 而是一个渐变过渡的界线, 可初步确定在2.2 0~2.80Ga之间.太古宙—元古宙界线的划分应与地球动力学和构造体制等重大事件相联系, 此研究为探求早期深部成矿作用带来新的启迪      

阜平片麻岩和湾子片麻岩的单颗粒锆石U—pb年龄：——阜平？…

阜平（超）群是华北克拉通中段变质基底的代表性“地层”。阜平柳树黑云斜长片麻岩常规微量锆石Ｕ－ｐｂ法（２８００－１５０＾＋２３０）Ｍａ的年龄,既是阜平（超）群底部可能为中太古代、也是华北克拉通变质基底为一统太古宙的主要年龄依据。然而,阜平（超）群传统的地层、年龄和性质一直不断地受到后续研究者质疑,现已为许多文献证实不是有序的群级地层而是中－下地壳性质的杂岩。阜平杂岩种类繁多,除了一些学者提出的构造成     

浙闽前寒武纪基底地壳的形成和增长时代

对浙闽地区变质岩Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ及锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄资料研究后认为，浙闽地区存在前寒武纪地壳基底，还可能存在晚太古代古陆核，基底地壳具有幕式增长的特点，经历了２４００Ｍａ（早元古代）１８００Ｍａ（中元古代）和１４００Ｍａ（中元古代）三个主要的地壳增长时期。     

华夏地块前加里东期变质基义匠年代构造格架

华夏地块的前加里东期变质基底大致可划分为三大构造层,主体为古元古代的条旋回的结晶基底和新元古代－早古生代的褶皱基底,局部存在裂谷环境下的中元古代变质岩石。大量的单颗粒锆石年龄和Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素测年资料显示出华夏地块的古元古代岩石形成于２４００￣２０００Ｍａ,中元古代的岩石形成于１４００￣１０００Ｍａ。而新古代－早古生代的地层大致形成于７４０￣４３０Ｍａ。中条运动是华夏地块一次重要的造壳运动,奠基了     

Single zircon ages from high-grade rocks of the Jianping Complex, Liaoning Province, NE China

The high-grade rocks of the Jianping Complex in Liaoning Provi nce, NE China, belong to the late Archaean to earliest Proterozoic granulite belt of the North China craton. Single zircon ages obtained by the Pb–Pb evaporation method and SHRIMP analyses document an evolutionary history that began with deposition of a cratonic supracrustal sequence some 2522–2551 Ma ago, followed by intrusion of granitoid rocks beginning at 2522 Ma and reaching a peak at about 2500 Ma. This was followed by high-grade metamorphism, transforming the existing rocks into granulites, charnockites and enderbites some 2485–2490 Ma ago. The intrusion of post-tectonic granites at 2472 Ma is associated with widespread metamorphic retrogression and ends the tectono–metamorphic evolution of this terrain. A similar evolutionary sequence has also been recorded in the granulite belt of Eastern Hebei Province. We speculate that the Jianping Complex was part of an active continental margin in the late Archaean that became involved in continental collision and crustal thickening shortly after its formation. There is a remarkable similarity between the 2500 Ma North China granulite belt and the equally old granulite belt of Southern India, suggesting that the two crustal domains could have been part of the same active plate margin in latest Archaean times.     

The Plat Sjambok Anorthosite and its tonalitic country rocks: Mesoproterozoic pre-tectonic intrusions in the Kaaien Terrane,Namaqua–Natal Province,southern Africa

The Plat Sjambok Anorthosite crops out near Prieska Copper Mines in the Namaqua–Natal Province of southern Africa. It is a massif-type anorthosite, previously regarded as a late-tectonic intrusion and part of the ca. 1100 Ma bimodal Keimoes Suite. Our new ion probe U–Pb zircon data show that the Plat Sjambok massif intruded at 1259 ± 5 Ma, before the 1220 Ma Namaqua collision events and is thus approximately 150 million years older than the Keimoes Suite. Despite the proximity to Prieska Mines, the anorthosite is located in the Kaaien Terrane close to the Brakbos Fault, which is the boundary with the Areachap Terrane in which Prieska Mines is situated. We dated the Nelspoortjie Tonalite, the main country rock of the Plat Sjambok Anorthosite, by laser ablation ICPMS at 1273 ± 13 Ma. Both intrusions thus originated concurrently with the 1286–1241 Ma volcanic rocks of the Areachap Group, which developed in a subduction-related arc setting, prior to its collision with the Kaaien Terrane and Kaapvaal Craton. Metamorphic zircon rims in the Plat Sjambok Anorthosite give an age of 1122 ± 7 Ma, a time that corresponds to a quiet period in the Areachap Terrane. We propose a tectonic model in which formation of the Nelspoortjie Tonalite and Plat Sjambok Anorthosite was driven by intrusions from the mantle into a back-arc related tensional environment within the Kaaien Terrane, possibly situated above an Archaean crustal tongue. This led to heating in a thickened crustal setting in which the tonalite originated as a partial melt of amphibolite. The anorthosite then formed as a mixture of mantle-derived gabbro and Archaean crustal rocks, which explains the 2100–2600 Ma zircon–Hf crustal residence ages and the Sm–Nd trend towards an old crustal source. The anorthosite and its country rocks were only juxtaposed with the Prieska Copper Mining District by late-tectonic uplift and transpressional movements on the Brakbos Fault towards the end of the Namaqua tectogenesis.     

A subdivision of the Precambrian of China

Precambrian rocks are widely distributed in China. The Precambrian is divided into two time units, i.e., the Archaean and Proterozoic Eon, each of these is separated into three chronological intervals, also with the status of eras, with the prefixes early, middle or late. The time boundary between the Archaean and Proterozoic Eon is placed at ～ 2500 Ma.According to the present isotopic data, the proposed subdivision for the Archaean of China is two-fold. The age of the Fuping Group is younger than 2800–2900 Ma, and that of the Qianxi Group and the corresponding stratigraphic units of eastern Liaoning are older than 2800 Ma, so that 2800+ Ma is selected as the boundary between the early—middle and late Archaean.Based on the representative stratigraphic units, the Wutai and Huto Groups, and an intervening major unconformity formed by the Wutaiian orogeny at 2200–2300 Ma, the early Proterozoic is further divided into two periods, with a time demarcation at 2200+ Ma. A major episode of orogeny known as the “Luliangian Movement” occurred at the end of the early Proterozoic at ～ 1900 Ma. This disturbance was very extensive and is, in a way, responsible for the difference in geological conditions between the lower and middle—upper Proterozoic in China. The boundary (1900 Ma) that relates to the Luliangian Movement is more important than the boundary corresponding to the age of 1600 Ma, which is recommended as the time boundary between Proterozoic I and II, so we propose to use 1900 Ma as the boundary between the early and middle Proterozoic in China.The time boundary between the middle Proterozoic, including the Changcheng System and the Jixian System, and the late Proterozoic, which is composed of the Qingbaikou and Sinian Systems, is ～ 1000 Ma. The age for the boundary between Cambrian and Precambrian, based upon the recent isochron data, is inferred to be 610 Ma.     

Origin of the 3500-3300 Ma calc-alkaline rocks in the Pilbara Archaean: isotopic and geochemical constraints from the Shaw Batholith

Calc-alkaline plutonic rocks, intruded at 3450Ma, comprise a major component of the Shaw Batholith in the Archaean east Pilbara Block, Western Australia. New whole-rock Pb isotopic geochronology confirms the extent of these rocks, but a minor plutonic phase is dated at 3338±52 Ma and represents a second plutonic event of the same age as much of the nearby Mt Edgar Batholith. The Sm----Nd isotopic systematics of the 3450Ma rocks imply their derivation from a heterogeneous source, which probably included a slightly older crustal component as well as a depleted mantle component. The 3338±52 Ma pluton includes components derived from crustal sources older than 3600 Ma. The geochemistry and Sm---Nd isotopic systematics of these rocks are consistent with crustal growth in the early Archaean from upper mantle sources as depleted as the modern upper mantle. The Shaw Batholith calc-alkaline suites exhibit very similar chemical trends on variation diagrams to modern calc-alkaline plutonic rocks which can be modelled by a combination of mixing and fractionation. A suite collected from outcrops displaying prominent igneous layering shows distinct geochemical trends which can be modelled by differentiation into a component enriched in ferromagnesian minerals, principally hornblende, and possibly sphene, magnetite and epidote, and into a leucocratic component containing quartz, plagioclase and K-feld-par. These Archaean calc-alkaline plutonic rocks, in common with rocks from many other Archaean calc-alkaline provinces, exhibit very fractionated REE patterns with depleted HREE contents, a feature considered to result from equilibrium with garnet at depth in lower crustal regions. The geochemistry of the Pilbara Archaean calc-alkaline rocks is identical to the subset of modern continental-margin calc-alkaline plutonic rocks with fractionated REE patterns, such as those from the central and eastern Peninsular Ranges Batholith, western USA. The tectonic setting in which the Archaean calc-alkaline rocks formed is still not known. This reflects both uncertainty associated with the petrogenesis and environments of modern calc-alkaline rocks, as well as the limited knowledge of the precise timing and relationships of plutonic, depositional and tectonic events in the Pilbara Archaean.     

The Early Precambrian Rocks,Their Ages,Division and Correlation of the Taihang-Wutai Region, the Yanshan Region and the Eastern Sector of the Yinshan Mountains

According to differences of the protolith formations, the early Precambrian strata in the northern part ofthe North China platform may be divided into the stable stratigraphic region in the west and the mobilestratigraphic region in the east. Based on unconformities, either stratiragphic or tectonic, as well as significantmetamorphic thermal events, the two regions may be stratigraphically defined as follows: 1) the middleArchaean Fuping Supergroup composed of the Chenzhuang and Wanzi Groups (stable areas), and the middleArchaean Qianxi Group (mobile area), whose upper limits are all dated at 2800 Ma; and 2) the upper ArchaeanWutai Supergroup composed of the Longquanguan, Shizui and Taihuai Groups (stable areas), and the upperArchaean Zunhua, Dantazi and Zhuzhangzi Groups (mobile areas). whose upper limits are all dated at 2500Ma. A correlation of the above-mentioned units is also made. The lower Proterozoic Hutuo Group of the sta-ble region is adjusted to comprise the Gaofan, Doucun, Dongye and Guojiazhai Groups. The upper limit of theGaofan Group is placed at 2350 Ma, Dongye 1850 Ma and Guojiazhai (the lower limit of the Changcheng Sys-tem) 1700 Ma.     

A review of the 2500 Ma span of alkaline-ultramafic, potassic and carbonatitic magmatism in West Greenland

Kimberlites, carbonatites and ultramafic, mafic and potassic lamprophyres have been produced in West Greenland in recurrent events since the Archaean. Five distinct age groups are recognised: Archaean (>2500 Ma). Early Proterozoic (1700–1900 Ma), Middle Proterozoic (Gardar, c. 1100–1300 Ma), Late Proterozoic (600 Ma) and Mesozoic-Tertiary (200-30 Ma) The rocks comprise two large and four small carbonatite occurrences, four kimberlite dyke swarms, one lamproite dyke swarm and one lamproite pipe, one dyke swarm of potassic lamprophyre (shonkinite) and some ten dyke swarms of ultramafic lamprophyre and monchiquite. Geochemical data for the various rock groups are presented. Some of the carbonatites may represent relatively unmodified mantle-derived melts. The kimberlites range from primitive to differentiated compositions, and there are regional differences between kimberlites within Archaean and Proterozoic basement. The ultrapotassic lamproites and shonkinites have strong negative Nb spikes in their trace element spectra. The ultramafic and monchiquitic lamprophyres encompass a large compositional variation; however, several of the dyke swarms have individual chemical characters.

The rocks are very unevenly distributed in West Greenland, indicating a lithospheric control, probably by old weakness zones providing access to the surface. The kimberlites are considered to be mainly of asthenospheric derivation. The regional differences are interpreted in terms of melting with phlogopite as a residual phase, with smaller degrees of melting at deeper levels beneath the Archaean lithosphere than beneath the Proterozoic. The ultrapotassic lamproites and shonkinites occur almost exclusively within a continental collision zone with possible two-way subduction and they are interpreted as mainly of lithospheric derivation, with a contribution from a subducted slab. Data for the other rock types are equivocal.

Except for the Archaean rocks, the age groups can be related to major geotectonic events. The Early Proterozoic group is related to continental collision at 1850 Ma and subsequent rifting; the Middle Proterozoic group is related to continental rifting (Gardar) and the Mesozoic group is likewise related to continental rifting prior to continental break-up in the Tertiary. The 600 Ma kimberlites and carbonatite are envisaged as cratonic, extra-rift activity in relation to continental break-up and formation of the Iapetus ocean further south, perhaps with a common cause in a broad, impinging mantle plume.     

新疆前震旦纪地层划分及地壳演化

根据变质地质学的观点,新疆的前震旦纪地层可划分为太古界、下元古界和中一上无古界,它们在岩石组合、原岩建造、变质作用类型及形成环境等方面具有明显的区别,同时表明古西北陆台具有与古华北陆台完全不同的地质发展历史。     

韩国Hadong-Sanchung地区斜长岩Sr-Nd同位素初步研究——成因和前寒武纪构造意义

斜长岩呈长条带出露于朝鲜半岛南部,侵入到年代约为2.0Ga的Yeongnam前寒武纪基底岩石中,虽然岩石类型简单(斜长岩和辉长岩质斜长岩),但可以同世界已知块状类型斜长岩相对比。这些斜长岩具有几个重要的差别,例如呈层状构造,镁铁相成分是角闪石而不是辉石,并且不具斜方辉石巨晶。应用Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素系统研究这些岩石的年龄和成因,测定出一种页理化辉长岩质斜长岩矿物的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1678±90Ma,推断其为侵位年龄,因为中生代绿岩相变质期间这些岩石的Sm-Nd同位素体系呈封闭状态。这一年龄和过去曾报道的元古宙块状斜长岩的年龄范围(1.1~1.7Ga)相吻合。认为斜长岩成因可以用所谓元古宙斜长岩事件来解释。斜长岩的岩浆活动对朝鲜半岛南部前寒武纪基底岩石的构造历史有重要意义。全岩εNd(t)值范围-1.6~-5.2,而87Sr/86Sr初始值变化于0.704~0.706之间,据此可解释地幔成因的斜长岩岩浆是在其结晶作用期间吸收了地壳物质的结果。然而不能排除是下地壳源的可能性。     

Eozoic complexes of the U.S.S.R.

Soviet geologists consider the Precambrian to be divided into two groups — Archaean and Proterozoic; but such a division is unsatisfactory. A major unconformity separates Proterozoic volcanic and sedimentary formations from an underlying sequence that contains two supergroups of supercrustal formations. The oldest of these is unanimously considered to be Archaean. Rocks of that supergroup play an essential part in the composition of the Baltic, Ukrainian, Aldan and Anabar Shields and of the ancient fold belts of the East-European and Siberian platforms.Distinctive features in the composition, tectonic structure, metamorphism and metallogeny of Archaean complexes lead to the conclusion that they were formed in specifically mobile areas, different from geosynclinal areas.The other supergroup of high-grade metamorphic rocks has no clear place in the accepted two-fold stratigraphic scheme of the Precambrian, and it is considered sometimes to be Archaean and sometimes to be Early Proterozoic. We propose restoring the forgotten name “Eozoic” for that supergroup. Eozoic complexes are characterized by peculiarities of composition and inner structure, which signify changes in the tectonic regime of the earth at the lower and upper boundaries of the Eozoic Supergroup. These peculiarities give grounds for distinguishing the Eozoic Supergroup as an independent stratigraphic division.The Stanovoy Complex of the southern part of the Aldan Shield is a stratotype for the Eozoic Supergroup. Many well-known stratigraphic subdivisions of the Siberian Platform (e.g., the Eniseiskaya, the Birusinskaya series and others), the Taratash Complex of the Urals, the Goranskaya and Shahdarinskaya series of the South-West Pamir, the Tikitch complex and Aulskaya series of the Ukrainian Shield, and in part the Belomorsky Complex of the Baltic Shield, as well as some others, are also Eozoic.The Eozoic complexes are characterized by the following specific features: only some supercrustal formations are typical for them; the small number of rock types which have a total thickness about 5–6 km; relatively monotonous mineral composition of the rocks; variable quantitative ratios of rocks; absence of contrasting marker beds; regional metamorphism and ultrametamorphism in the amphibolite facies; wide development of ultrametamorphic granitoids and migmatites; distinct tectonic differentiations of the basin of sedimentation.Dates determined by isotopic analyses, which mostly reflect the metamorphism of the deposits, fall predominantly in the range 2600–3100 Ma.     

Basement Characteristics and Crustal Evolution of the Copper-Gold Metallogenic Belt in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River: Some Isotope Constraints

Studies of the Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic composition of Mesozoic intrusive rocks indicate that the basement of the copper-gold metallogenic belt of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has "two-layer structure" and partly has "multi-layered structure", and is inhomogeneous and shows the distinct feature of E-W provincialism. The calculated model lead ages (t1) are mostly greater than 2600 Ma, and the model neodymium ages (TDM) vary from 953 to 2276 Ma and concentrate in two time intervals: 1800-2000 Ma and 1200-1600 Ma. It is concluded that the basement of the MBYR is composed of the Late Archaeozoic to Middle Proterozoic metamorphic series and that the crust was initiated in the Archaean and continued to grow in the Early and Middle Proterozoic, and the proportion of new crust formed by mantle differentiation during the Late Proterozoic is low.