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1.
以云南省泸西县小江典型岩溶农业流域为研究单元,利用1982和2004的地下水质数据及1982的航片和2004年的TM影像,在GIS支持下,研究其20年来的地下水质的时空变化及原因。结果表明:20年来流域地下水质在时间、空间分布上均发生较大的变化;流域耕地扩张和大量化肥、农药使用带来的非点源污染,造成地下水中的NH4+、SO42-、NO3-、NO2-、Cl- 离子含量及pH值、总硬度、总碱度明显升高并超标,而林地减少或林地质量的下降,土地发生石漠化时,地下水中的Ca2+、HCO3- 浓度明显降低,同时,地下水各指标的空间变化与土地利用空间格局的变化表现出动态一致性。  相似文献   

2.
1 Introduction Ecological environment such as water, soil, etc. are very fragile in the karst area because of the special geological background. With the fast increase of the population and rapid social and economic development in karst area, contradictio…  相似文献   

3.
Supported by RS and GIS, the land use change from 1982 to 2003 were analyzed and the impacts of land use changes on pH value, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, and available K in soil of Xiaojiang watershed, a typical karst agricultural region of Yunnan Province, Southwest China were assessed. The following aspects are concluded. (1) The total land use converted during the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed covers an area of 610.12 km2, of which 134.29 km2 of forestland was converted into cultivated land, and 210 km2 of unused land was converted into cultivated land. (2) The rapid growth of population and the economic development were the main driving forces of land use change. (3) With the change in land use, the soil properties have been changed significantly. The pH, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P and available K in soil in 1982 were 6.3, 38.02 g kg-1, 1.86 g kg-1, 1.63 g kg-1, 10.94 g kg-1, 114.42 g kg-1, 11.65 mg kg-1 and 64.69 mg kg-1g, respectively; and those in 2003 were 6.73, 25.26 g kg-1, 1.41 g kg-1, 0.99 g kg-1, 12.6 g kg-1, 113.43 mg kg-1, 11.11 mg kg-1 and 151.59 mg kg-1, respectively. Pared samples t-test of the tested indices of soil properties indicate that those indices have changed significantly during the last 20 years. But the soil properties changed differently, due to the differences in land use change. (4) Also, with the change in land use and management measures of soil, the modifications in soil properties which developed from carbonate rocks were more sensitive than those in the soil developed from sandstone.  相似文献   

4.
1 Introduction Because of modifying land-cover (Turner et al., 1991) and management measures of soil (Dalal, 1986), land use changes can cause significant modifications in soil properties (Islam, 2000; Mcalister, 1998; Braimoh, 2004; Lal, 1996; Shepherd, …  相似文献   

5.
在分析1996~2004年福州市城市化发展和土地利用动态变化的基础上,探求城市化与土地利用变化之间的内在关系,然后选取代表性指标对建设用地和耕地数量与各自的驱动变量进行相关性分析,最后构建了驱动模型。结果表明:(1)1996-2004年,福州市土地利用结构变化明显,土地利用空间变化较大;(2)地均GDP的提高、GDP总量和全社会固定资产投资额的增长是建设用地拓展的主要驱动力;(3)耕地变化的最主要驱动力则是建设用地占用、粮食播种面积和耕地保护政策强度。  相似文献   

6.
赵国帅 《热带地理》2018,38(5):678-688
受海平面上升和人类活动的双重影响,海岸沙地生态环境日益脆弱;揭示海岛海岸沙地动态变化特征及其驱动机制,对科学制定海岛发展规划,保护海岛自然环境和确保经济社会健康持续发展具有重要的实践意义。东山岛是我国华南海岸典型的海岛沙地分布区,文章基于5次海岸沙地监测成果数据,利用土地转移矩阵、土地利用程度综合指数和土地利用动态度模型等方法,对东山岛1994―2014年间海岸沙地动态变化及其驱动力进行分析。结果表明:1)东山岛海岸沙地总体呈快速减少特点,海岸沙地利用的速度和程度增幅显著。海岸沙地利用结构发生了明显变化,各沙地利用类型转换频繁,沙地利用综合动态度不断升高,沙地整体稳定性显著降低。2)各类型沙地面积总体大幅减少,主要集中在2009―2014年。流动沙地和半固定沙地基本消失,沙化耕地是面积减少最多的类型。3)沙地利用类型转换主要表现为林地、耕地之间的相互转换和林地、耕地向建设用地的转变。4)影响东山岛海岸沙地利用变化的驱动力主要有自然地理因素、政策法规因素和社会经济因素。1994-2014年东山岛旅游产业的快速发展、工业化进程的加速和城镇化大大推动了岛内沙地利用格局的演变,是研究期内海岸沙地利用动态变化的最主要驱动因素。  相似文献   

7.
随着人口的增长, 人类活动对土地利用/土地覆盖变化的影响越来越大, “人口-资源-环境”问题越来越突出,因此,土地利用/土地覆盖变化的研究尤为重要。本文利用1986年和1996 年两期陆地卫星TM 数据, 分析探讨了呼伦贝尔盟近十年来农牧业土地利用数量变化及其区域差异,并通过计算耕地重心,分析了近十年来呼伦贝尔盟耕地的空间变化规律, 在此基础上进一步探讨了呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化对地区农业持续发展的影响。结果表明: 十年来, 呼伦贝尔盟农牧业土地利用变化很大, 耕地面积大幅度增加,草地与未利用地面积减少;农牧业土地利用变化空间差异非常明显,导致十年来呼伦贝尔盟耕地重心向西北方向移动33.15 km , 耕地生态环境发生了显着变化; 呼伦贝尔盟耕地面积大幅度增加, 对合理开发利用耕地资源, 促进地区农业持续发展起到了积极的作用。  相似文献   

8.
土地利用和气候变化对区域净初级生产力的影响   总被引:25,自引:1,他引:24  
应用以遥感观测数据驱动的GLO-PEM模式模拟估计的中国北方20年的NPP数据同其20年气候数据结合,同时利用通过遥感宏观调查所得的两期土地利用数据,分析20年气候和土地利用变化对区域净初级生产力 (Net Primary Productivity,NPP) 的影响的时空特征。分析结果表明,20年来研究区域年均温度显著增加 (年均增温0.064 oC),年降水量明显减少 (年降水减少率为1.49 mm/年),NPP以减少趋势为主 (年减少率6.9 TgC)。研究区域NPP的变化受旬 (月) 均温和旬 (月) 降水量和季节温度和季节降水的变化影响显著。季节NPP同季节降水和温度的相关性在空间上同植被覆盖表现出高度的一致性,其相关系数大小随着不同植被覆盖类型变化而变化。通过分析可见,就整个研究区来说,发生土地利用变化的区域仅占整个研究区域的5.45%, 气候对整个研究区域NPP的影响占主导地位 (占了总影响量的90%);土地利用发生区域土地利用的作用占了绝对地位,土地利用的影响占了约97%。整个研究区域近20年来因为降水明显减少,温度显著升高,导致NPP明显下降,在两期土地利用间隔时间段内 (约10年) 因气候影响NPP减少了78 (±0.6) TgC。因为土地利用的变化导致NPP减少9 (±0.2) TgC。气候和土地利用共同作用是研究区域的NPP减少87 (±0.8) TgC。  相似文献   

9.
以云南省泸西县小江典型岩溶农业流域为研究单元,分析了流域1982~2003年土地利用的变化及定点对比分析不同土地利用变化下土壤性质的变化,结果表明:小江流域1982~2003年610.12 km2的土地利用发生了变化,变化类型主要是由未利用地向耕地、林地以及林地向耕地的转变,人口的增加、社会、经济的发展和理智的生态决策是流域土地利用变化的主要原因;林地、未利用地转变为耕地后,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量大幅度降低,土壤pH明显升高,全钾、速效钾含量增加;短时间的退耕还林,土壤性质变化不明显;耕地转变为园地后,土壤性质得到明显的改善;而耕地转变为石漠化土地后,土壤性质发生显著变化,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷含量大幅度降低,土壤pH明显升高;同时,研究表明土地利用变化对碳酸盐岩地层中发育的土壤性质的影响强度明显大于砂页岩地层中发育的土壤,表明碳酸盐岩地层中发育的土壤十分脆弱。  相似文献   

10.
Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the impacts of land use changes on the groundwater system in the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of groundwater recharge and discharge system. The results indicate that with the different intensities of land use changes, the impacts on the groundwater recharge were 2.602×108 m3/a in the former 15 years (1969-1985) and 0.218×108 m3/a in the latter 15 years (1986-2000), and the impacts on the groundwater discharge were 2.035×108 m3/a and 4.91×108 m3/a respectively. When the groundwater exploitation was in a reasonable range less than 3.0×108 m3/a, the land use changes could control the changes of regional groundwater resources. Influenced by the land use changes and the large-scale exploitation in the recent decade, the groundwater resources present apparently regional differences in Zhangye region. Realizing the impact of land use changes on groundwater system and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of regional groundwater resources would be very important for reasonably utilizing and managing water and soil resources.  相似文献   

11.
采用1987、1999年和2008年3期TM卫星数据, 对额济纳绿洲2000年黑河分水前后土地覆被变化进行了研究, 并分析了额济纳绿洲土地覆被变化的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)从不同覆盖等级的面积变化来看, 额济纳绿洲的主体是中植被覆盖区。1987-1999年额济纳绿洲的植被呈退化趋势。2000年黑河分水后至2008年, 额济纳绿洲植被退化的趋势已得到缓解。(2)从不同土地利用类型的面积变化来看, 额济纳绿洲的主体是戈壁。1987-1999年额济纳绿洲植被退化, 荒漠化趋势明显。2000年黑河分水后至2008年, 植被有所恢复, 退化趋势得到了遏制。(3)影响土地覆被变化的主要有3类因素。第一主成分与人为因素密切相关, 说明过去的十几年额济纳绿洲的土地覆被变化主要受到人类活动影响。第二主成分与地表径流量、年降水量、年均风速有较大的相关, 第三主成分与地下水埋深有较大的正相关, 表明气候因素对额济纳绿洲的土地覆被变化也有一定程度的影响。根据以上结果, 提出应对策略:(1)保证来自中上游的地表径流供给;(2)合理利用地下水资源;(3)增加技术支持, 实现宏观调控。  相似文献   

12.
北京地区土地利用/覆盖变化研究   总被引:93,自引:15,他引:93  
本文利用1975、1984、1991和1997的LandsatTM/MSS数据,对北京地区改革开放以来22年的土地利用/覆盖变化进行了研究。结果表明从1975~1997年,北京地区发生了快速城市化背景下的大规模土地利用/覆盖变化,表现出城镇用地通过大量占用平原区耕地扩展,非城镇用地间结构变化明显的基本特征。同时土地利用/覆盖变化区域差异明显,近郊区和远郊区的土地利用/覆盖变化强度发生了逆转,远郊区土地利用/覆盖变化强度在90年代已经超过近郊区,而且该区高密度城镇用地的重心也向西北方向发生了一定程度的移动,显示出同期北京城镇用地向西北方向扩展的趋势  相似文献   

13.
Combined with recent historical climate data and two periods of land use data sets from remote sensing data, we test the net primary productivity (NPP) data sets in North China modelled by the satellite data-driven Global Production Efficiency Model (GLO-PEM) for detecting the widespread spatial and temporal characteristics of the impacts of climate and land use change on the regional NPP. Our results show that over the past 20 years, the mean annual temperature in the study region has remarkably increased by more than 0.064 oC, but over the same period, there has been a 1.49 mm decrease in annual precipitation and decrease in NPP by an annual rate of 6.9 TgC. The NPP changes in the study region were greatly affected by the average temperature and precipitation by ten-day periods as well as the seasonal temperature and precipitation in the study region. The correlation between seasonal NPP and seasonal precipitation and temperature is highly consistent with land cover spatially, and the correlation coefficient changes with the changes of vegetation types. The analysis reveals that the related areas in land use change only take up 5.45% of the whole studied region, so the climate changes dominate the impacts on the NPP in the whole study region (90% of the total). However, land use plays an absolute dominative role in areas with land cover changes, accounting for 97% of the total. From 1981 to 2000, the NPP in the whole study region remarkably reduced due to obvious precipitation decrease and temperature rise. Between two periods of land use (about 10 years), the changes in climate are predicted to promote a decrease in NPP by 78 (±0.6) TgC, and integrated impacts of climate changes and land use to promote a decrease in NPP by 87(±0.8) TgC.  相似文献   

14.
Our world is changing at an unprecedented rate in terms of climate and land use, but these changes can affect our water resources. Hence, we need a methodology that can predict both their individual and agglomerative ramifications. Using the Little Miami River (LMR) watershed as a case study, this paper describes a spatial analytical approach integrating mathematical modeling and geographical information sciences to quantitatively examine the relative importance of the separate and combined hydrologic and water quality impacts of climate and land use changes.The Hydrologic Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF) model was chosen in this study to simulate stream flow and nutrient transport process. Five hypothetical climate change scenarios were used to cover the possible ranges of variability in the year 2050. An enhanced population-coupled Markov-Cellular Automata (CA-Markov) land use model was developed to predict the 2050 land use pattern. When these scenarios were incorporated into the HSPF model, the future conditions in the LMR basin were postulated. The findings demonstrated that: 1) the LMR watershed would experience an increase in flow and nutrients under the 2050 land use projection, 2) stream flow and water quality impacts would be amplified when both climate and land use changes were simultaneously considered, 3) land use change (and in the case of the LMR watershed, urbanization) could help to alleviate water shortage during the dry years, 4) total phosphorus and nitrogen would increase under all future climate and land use scenarios; the highest increase was found under the combined wettest and future land use scenarios, and 5) the described approach is effective in simulating the hydrologic and water quality effects of climate and land use changes in a basin scale. These results are relevant to planners; they can be useful in formulating realistic watershed management policies and mitigation measures.  相似文献   

15.
土地利用和气候变化对区域净初级生产力影响   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
1IntroductionThe global change caused by the continuous increasing concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases has threatened the existence of human beings, and the importance of carbon dioxide emissions as a major environmental issue of international concern has grown substantially in the world (IPCC, 2000). At the same time, the Kyoto Protocol, the first and only realistic plan for achieving a worldwide reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, has been passed. Since there are many uncertai…  相似文献   

16.
黑河流域土地利用变化对地下水资源的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the impacts of land use changes on the groundwater system in the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of groundwater recharge and discharge system. The results indicate that with the different intensities of land use changes, the impacts on the groundwater recharge were 2.602 × 10^8 m^3/a in the former 15 years (1969-1985) and 0.218 × 10^8 m^3/a in the latter 15 years (1986-2000), and the impacts on the groundwater discharge were 2.035 × 10^8 m^3/a and 4.91 × 10^8 m^3/a respectively. When the groundwater exploitation was in a reasonable range less than 3.0 × 10^8 m^3/a, the land use changes could control the changes of regional groundwater resources. Influenced by the land use changes and the large-scale exploitation in the recent decade, the groundwater resources present apparently regional differences in Zhangye region. Realizing the impact of land use changes on groundwater system and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of regional groundwater resources would be very important for reasonably utilizing and managing water and soil resources.  相似文献   

17.
中国北方农牧交错带对全球变化响应敏感,研究气候变化及土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)背景下北方农牧交错带水资源问题,对变化环境下生态脆弱区的水资源利用与管理具有重要意义。通过对北方农牧交错带气候与LUCC演变特征及其对水资源影响等方面的综合研究,总结得出:(1) 近几十年,该地区气候呈暖干化趋势,气温升高速率与降水减少速率均高于全球平均水平。(2) LUCC以农牧相互转化为主,土地利用结构未发生明显变化。(3) 该地区流域径流、地下水位与气温负相关,与降水量正相关,且降水作用更明显;近几十年来,LUCC成为影响该地区生态水文过程的主导因素,对水资源影响的贡献率越来越大。同时,针对目前研究中存在的问题及薄弱环节,提出未来研究的发展趋势和亟需重点加强的研究方向。  相似文献   

18.
基于1985~2000年间的高分辨率土地利用/土地覆盖数据,对位于农牧交错带的陕北榆林市土地利用变化及其区域生态环境效应进行定量分析。结果表明:1985~2000年,榆林市土地利用变化区域差异明显,土地利用变化多分布在北部风沙滩地区,表明这些地区的土地利用变化过程相对活跃。生态环境质量总体上得到改善,但局部地区恶化也相当严重,且在县级尺度上表现出明显的区域分异特征。在大的区域尺度上北部风沙滩地区的生态环境质量的改善程度强于南部丘陵沟壑区。导致生态环境变化(改善和退化)的主导因素是林地、草地与其它土地利用/土地覆盖类型之间的转变,其中治沙种草与防护林体系建设对该市生态环境质量改善的贡献率最高,达到74.8%。  相似文献   

19.
2000-2010年中国退牧还草工程区土地利用/覆被变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在3S技术支持下,结合景观格局定量分析方法,基于30 m分辨率的土地利用/覆被数据,对中国退牧还草工程区2000-2010年土地利用/覆被时空分布特征进行研究。通过利用土地利用转移矩阵和动态度来判定土地利用变化的速度和区域差异,并在斑块类型和景观水平上分析研究区景观格局特征,探讨土地利用格局变化的生态效应。结果表明:①近10年来,研究区土地利用/覆被类型以草地和其他类用地为主,整体内部结构稳定少动。草地变化面积仅占2000年草地总面积的0.37%;林地、湿地、耕地和人工表面的面积均有所增加;其他类用地面积有所减少。②全区土地综合动态度均小于0.1%,土地利用/覆被变幅较小,除人工表面较活跃外,其他各类型变化相对缓慢,且各省土地利用区域差异较小。③研究区内景观基质未发生改变,区域景观破碎度递减,景观多样性水平上升,景观聚集度和连续性微弱下降,景观整体保持较完整态势。退牧还草工程的实施使土地利用/覆被结构和景观格局均得以优化。  相似文献   

20.
海岸带城市土地利用变化分析—以江苏盐城市为例   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)是全球变化和区域可持续发展研究的核心问题。海岸带是陆地海洋相互作用和人类活动最敏感的区域,海岸带LUCC的研究对适应环境和自然的挑战具有重要意义。本文以江苏沿海具有代表性的盐城市作为研究区,选取1978-2007年5期Landsat MSS/TM影像作为数据源,在参考国内外遥感分类系统的基础上,结合研究区实际,建立遥感分类系统,使用主成分分析(PCA)遥感分类方法和分类后比较变化检测方法,并在GIS分析技术支持下获取盐城市近30年的土地利用变化数据,分析其结构、数量、速率及格局变化。结果表明:(1)从土地利用结构上看,研究时段内盐城市土地利用变化较大,但利用结构相对稳定;土地利用类型以耕地为主,但近几年城市建设用地大量增加,比重不断攀升;(2)从土地利用变化数量、速率上看,不同时期土地利用类型变化剧烈,一级地类数量增长最大的是建设用地,其中城镇建设用地由1978年的167.01 km2扩张至2007年的725.19 km2,增长至原来的4.34倍,城镇建设用地变化速率在2004-2007年高达15%以上;(3)从空间格局变化看,盐城市中心城区特别是开发区和新辟为市区的盐都区发展速度最快,而滨海港、大丰港的建设和周边国有盐场的改制也显著促进了沿海地区的发展。  相似文献   

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