山东齐河—禹城地区矽卡岩型铁矿成矿地质体边界讨论及深部特征研究

山东齐河—禹城地区近年来陆续发现矽卡岩型富铁矿床,铁矿勘查及研究工作取得了较大进展.区内中生代燕山晚期闪长岩体作为成矿地质体,奥陶纪碳酸盐岩作为控矿地层,铁矿床主要赋存于二者的接触部位.由于地处厚覆盖区,新生界平均厚度超过800m,铁矿找矿难度较大.本文以成矿地质体边界识别及深部特征研究为主要目标,利用最新陆地重力与航...     

淮北地区矽卡岩型铁铜矿床控矿条件分析与成矿模式

淮北地区位于安徽省北部,是重要金属成矿区之一。地质构造单元归属华北陆块,其矽卡岩型矿床的控矿条件和成矿模式既与华北地区邯邢式接触交代型铁矿床相似而又有区别。邯邢式铁矿主要围岩地层为奥陶系,矿石成分简单,以磁铁矿为主。淮北地区部分矿床具有这一特征,而另一部分矿床的特征与此有较大差异：围岩地层为寒武系,矿石成分复杂,以铁铜矿为主,并含有金、钼等其它有益元素,岩体分叉侵入,多层成矿,矿体产于燕山中期石英二长闪长玢岩与寒武系中上统内接触带及正接触带,镁质矽卡岩较发育,含铜矽卡岩可见于外接触带。为了与邯邢式铁矿区别,称其为前常式铁铜矿。本区矽卡岩型矿床的赋矿层位为中上寒武统一下奥陶统。其中,寒武系铁矿比例43．39％、铜矿比例92．67％、金矿比例100％,奥陶系铁矿比例56．61％、铜矿比例7．33％。本文在介绍地质背景的基础上、较系统地分析了控矿条件和成矿模式,提出了岩浆侵入活动中心（或活动带）与寒武系接触带为重点找矿方向的观点,并明确指出远离侵入中心（带）的岩床,其成矿性差。文中还介绍了覆盖区识别岩浆侵入活动中心（或活动带）的方法。     

鲁西莱芜地区地球物理特征及 富铁矿床勘查模型建立

鲁西莱芜地区是国内重要的富铁矿基地之一,是典型的与中基性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型铁矿,矿石品位高、储量大。该区铁矿找矿采用地面磁测、航空磁测和重力测量作为主要方法,在区内圈定多个物探异常,累计探明大中小型富铁矿床40余个。在此基础上总结分析该区富铁矿成矿规律,介绍张家洼典型矿床磁异常特征,建立莱芜地区富铁矿地质-地球物理综合勘查模型,得到以下认识:①航磁、重力异常圈定隐伏岩体效果好;②地质、物探密切配合是正确评价异常的关键;③研究低缓异常必须高精度;④要注重研究磁场的局部特征变化;⑤突破乱磁场区可能取得找矿实践。     

西藏日土县材玛铁矿地质特征及找矿方向

通过对西藏日土县材玛铁矿床的调查研究表明,南羌塘拗陷带的材玛铁矿床成矿地质条件较好.经地表槽探揭露和深部钻探工程控制,发现其矿体为似层状;矿体品位和厚度沿走向和倾向变化较小;容矿岩石主要为矽卡岩、矽卡岩化灰岩;矿石类型简单,主要为磁铁矿矿石.矿化富集与侵入于上三叠统地层的燕山晚期花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩密切相关;矿体产出部位严格受碳酸盐岩层位及其层间破碎带的控制,属接触交代型矿床.其形成与燕山晚期岩浆活动关系密切,空间分布严格受岩浆岩和断裂的控制.花岗岩类岩体与上三叠统地层的接触带和层间破碎带是寻找铁矿的有利部位,外围地区具有寻找相同类型铁矿床的远景.     

金平白马寨铜镍矿床地球物理成矿预测模式

通过对大量地质及物化探资料分析,运用地质学、矿床学以及地球物理勘探学的基本理论和方法,分析了金平白马寨铜镍矿床的地质与地球物理特征,从而提出了本区铜镍矿床为岩浆熔离脉冲贯入型矿床和“三高一低”,即重力高、磁力高、极化率高、电阻率低的地球物理成矿预测模式．     

闽西南大排多金属矿区地球物理响应特征与找矿启示

大排多金属矿区位于闽西南坳陷大田—龙岩次级坳陷带南部,政和—大埔深大断裂西侧,是福建省较大的多金属矿产地之一.随着找矿勘查的不断深入,对在该矿区外围和深部寻找隐伏矿床提出了迫切需求,但研究区地表地形崎岖、植被茂密,以往很少进行高精度大比例尺的综合地球物理调查,因此对隐伏的控矿构造、赋矿层位和火成岩体分布的认识远不能满足深部找矿的需求.本文实施了反射地震、可控源音频大地电磁剖面测量和大比例尺航磁面积性测量,在成矿理论和找矿模型的指导下采用反射地震真地表偏移成像技术、可控源音频大地电磁二维带地形反演技术和航磁数据精细处理与三维反演技术,提取识别了剖面浅层逆冲推覆控矿构造和赋矿层位的反射地震特征,与成矿关系密切的燕山期火成岩体的地震、电磁特征,以及控矿构造和隐伏岩体平面分布的航磁异常特征.在地表地质和已知钻孔岩心及物性的约束下,构建了剖面的综合地球物理的地质解释模型,包括浅层推覆构造和控矿地层分布,推断解释大断裂6条,次级断裂16条和3处较大的隐伏岩体分布,为深入认识研究区的矿床成因和分布规律,指导在外围和深部找矿提供了地球物理有效响应特征.     

北武夷陈坊铜多金属矿成矿地质特征与找矿方向

武夷山成矿带是我国重点成矿带之一,分布着众多的铜铅锌银等多金属矿床,矿床类型多样。本文在讨论陈坊铜多金属矿成矿地质特征的基础上,通过系统研究陈坊地区石炭纪地层中受接触带构造控制的矽卡岩型和二叠纪地层中主要为受层问破碎带控制的矽卡岩型铜铅锌多金属矿体的分布特征,探讨该区控矿因素、矿床成因分析,表明陈坊矿区成矿潜力巨大,并提出该区下一步找矿方向的建议。     

老挝万象省爬立山(PHaLek)铁矿磁异常特征及找矿评价

老挝万象省爬立山铁矿床位于长山褶皱带北西端,是长山成矿带内与岩浆作用有关的一个大型铁矿床.矿床类型以矽卡岩型为主,其次为热液型,成矿作用与花岗岩类侵入作用有关,矿区内发育致密块状磁铁矿、孔洞状赤铁矿、砂砾土状铁矿.该区地球物理工作研究程度较低,仅有部分航磁资料,难以准确控制矿化异常;老挝热带雨林气候植被覆盖严重,地表露头难寻,圈定矿体规模和划分地层界线难度较大.为了获得该区铁矿体地表规模及深部延展,笔者在该区开展了1∶10000地面高精度磁法测量,运用解析延拓、水平总梯度模、垂向导数、2.5D人机交互反演等方法有效克服了低纬度地区磁异常化极不稳定形成假异常的问题,解译了爬立山矿区磁异常特征,提高了磁异常的解译分辨率,更加准确的控制了爬立山铁矿区铁矿体的范围、深部延展.后期钻探验证结果表明,在老挝地质勘查程度低、覆盖严重的爬立山地区开展高精度磁法是控制该地区铁矿的有效地球物理方法.     

北衙金多金属矿蚀变分带特征及矿床找矿潜力

北衙金多金属矿床近年来中边部找矿取得重大突破,金资源量达超大型矿床规模,通过新的勘查工作成果,对北衙矿床的成矿规律和蚀变分带研究表明：矿床受岩浆岩、构造、地层及岩性的控制,矿床具有红色带、绿色带、白色带的蚀变分带特征,矿床成因类型为矽卡岩中温热液型金多金属矿床。矿床成矿空间有利,深部及外围仍具有寻找金多金属矿的找矿潜力。     

西昆仑山构造格架与成矿堆积环境

本文在对西昆仑山广布的岩浆岩尤其是风岗岩研究取得的成果基础上，结合区域构造、沉积建造等其它地质特征，再造了西昆仑山地质构造发展历程，进而研究了区内成矿堆积环境及其矿床地质特征。结果表明，昆仑山经历了复杂的地质构造演化，是一条由北而南分别由加里东造山带、华力西造山带和燕山早期造山带组成的复合型造山带。区内存在以下5种主要成矿堆积环境：洋脊（蛇绿岩）成矿堆积环境（塞浦路斯型含铜黄铁矿矿床，豆莱状铬、镍矿床），被动陆缘成矿堆积环境（MVT铅锌矿床，Sedex型铅矿成床），火山弧成矿堆积环境（斑岩型铜矿床，黑矿型铜锌铅矿床，矽卡岩型铜铅锌多金属矿床），弧后盆地成矿堆积环境（海底火山喷发沉积型铁铜金矿床，气液充填型铜金铁矿床）和同碰撞成矿堆积环境（伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床，伟晶岩型多金属银矿床）。     

Metallogenic model of the copper deposit

The copper deposits in the mid-lower reaches of the Changjiang River consist mainly of porphyry, skarn and massive sulphide deposits. According to the geological background, the types of ore deposits and the mineralization, the metallogenic model of the copper deposits is discussed. It is pointed out that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids came mainly from magmatic water and were related to the intermediate-acid intrusions, and that the formation of skarn arid massive sulphide deposits coincided with the mineralization of porphyry deposits. Project supported by Doctorate Foundation of the State Education Commission of China.     

综合物探方法在好力宝铜矿床的应用

本文介绍了综合物探快速评价体系在好力宝铜矿的应用过程.通过分析地质资料和实际地质情况,综合运用VLF、EH4和IP等物探手段进行隐伏矿体预测,在工作区内发现了与成矿有关的地球物理异常,显示了良好的成矿前景.两个验证钻孔都有工业矿质发现,说明该综合物探评价体系在好力宝铜矿的应用是成功的,也显示了其快速、高效和实用的优点.     

综合电磁法在矿区深部成矿机制中的应用研究——以皖南乌溪多金属矿区为例

乌溪矿区介于长江中下游多金属成矿带与华南成矿带之间,是江南造山带上的一个找矿新区.本文在这一找矿新区开展了有效的电磁方法综合勘探,试图对该区深部成矿机制进行研究.我们收集了该区的地质地球化学资料,从地质地球化学资料中分析了区域成矿背景;我们还采集了区域出露的主要岩石类型,在实验室开展物性测定,在此基础上选择了三种电磁方法开展研究区的野外测量.通过地面高精度磁测、激发极化法和可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)三种地球物理方法,开展了研究区的磁化率、极化率和电阻率的分布特征研究.深入分析了地质、地球化学和地球物理三种资料与成矿的关系,相互约束,探讨成矿模型、成矿机制和成矿的可能性,推测可能的矿体赋存位置和深度范围.在地球物理研究结果基础上,结合地质和地球化学背景资料,构建了研究区的成矿动力学模型,推测了研究区成矿机制,揭示了矿区的成矿潜力.综合所得结果布设了钻孔,钻探结果揭示了研究区深部存在强烈矿化蚀变和强蚀变斑岩,初步确认为斑岩型矿床,与CSAMT剖面的解释结果基本一致,也与推测的测区内深部成矿机制相吻合.钻孔结果和地球物理结果的一致性以及对已构建的成矿动力学模型的支持,充分证明了综合电磁方法在斑岩型多金属矿床的发现和预测中的重要作用,同时斑岩型矿床的确认进一步印证了华南成矿带与俯冲作用形成的成矿带的相似性,从而推动整个华南地区的成矿地质研究.     

DISCOVERY OF DIRECT-SHIPPING IRON ORE BY GEOPHYSICAL METHODS IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE LABRADOR TROUGH*

The deposits of the central sector of the Labrador Trough are magnetite-rich iron ores subjected to enrichment by the process of leaching. In spite of the fact that some ore types are porous and low in density, most of the ore zones have undergone a net increase in density brought about by enrichment. In the course of their formation, the magnetic characteristics of the rocks have changed and a great deal of the magnetite was altered to relatively non-magnetic iron oxides and hydrous iron oxides. Consequently, induced as well as remanent magnetization decreased, but the ratio of the latter with respect to the former increased substantially. All drift-covered areas underlain with iron-formation are potential ore producing areas. From measurements of the first two physical properties and determination of the thickness of overburden by means of a combined gravity-magnetic-seismic or resistivity survey, it is possible to detect and distinguish the iron formations and potential ore zones from the country rocks. In spite of the fact that the iron formations are a complex assemblage of rock types, each having different physical and chemical properties, a qualitative and semi-quantitative correlation between the results of the surveys and the geology as well as the structure of the area could be established. Consequently, in order to increase the chances of success, first a mathematical correlation of the amplitude of the gravity anomalies with the specific gravity, the iron content, the silica content, the porosity factors and the dimensions of the underlying orebodies, and secondly, a quantitative correlation of the ground magnetic intensity relative to the reference lithologie unit with the percentage of Fe₃ O₄ recovery and the volume magnetic susceptibility were done for many deposits. A few discoveries were made with this method. Finally, a fully quantitative interpretation of the geophysical data using a multimodeling analysis led to the discovery of additional direct-shipping iron ore deposits in the Schefferville mining district of Canada.     

Geological and geophysical data integration for delimitation of mineralized areas in a supergene manganese deposits

Geophysical methods are widely used in mineral exploration. This paper discusses the results of geological and geophysical studies in supergene manganese deposits of southern Brazil. Mineralized zones as described in geological surveys were characterized as of low resistivity (20Ω.m) and high chargeability (30ms), pattern found also in oxides and sulfite mineral deposits. Pseudo-3D modeling of geophysical data allowed mapping at several depths. A relationship between high chargeability and low resistivity may define a pattern for high grade gonditic manganese ore. Large areas of high chargeability and high resistivity may result in accumulation of manganese and iron hydroxides, due to weathering of the gonditic ore, dissolution, percolation and precipitation.     

Mineral potential mapping in Central Iran using fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method

The aim of this work is to introduce the application of the fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method as a straightforward knowledge‐driven approach to explore porphyry copper deposits in an airborne prospect. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to airborne geophysical (potassium radiometry, magnetometry, and frequency‐domain electromagnetic) data, geological layers (fault and host rock zones), and various extracted alteration layers from remote sensing images. The central Iranian volcanic–sedimentary belt in Kerman province of Iran that is located within the Urumieh–Dokhtar (Sahand–Bazman) magmatic arc is chosen for this study. This region has high potential of mineral occurrences, especially porphyry copper, containing some active world‐class copper mines such as Sarcheshmeh. Two evidential layers, including the downward continued map and the analytic signal of such filtered magnetic data, are generated to be used as geophysical plausible traces of porphyry copper occurrences. The low values of the resistivity layer acquired from airborne frequency‐domain electromagnetic data are also used as an electrical criterion in this study. Four remote sensing evidential layers, including argillic, phyllic, propylitic, and hydroxyl alterations, are extracted from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer images in order to map the altered areas associated with porphyry copper deposits. The Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus images are used to map iron oxide layer. Since potassium alteration is the mainstay of copper alteration, the airborne potassium radiometry data are used. Here, the fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method uses a wide range of decision strategies in order to generate numerous mineral potential/prospectivity maps. The final mineral potential map based upon desired geo‐data set indicates adequately matching of high‐potential zones with previous working mines and copper deposits.     

A conceptual model of the copper–porphyry ore formation based on joint analysis of deep 3D geophysical models: Sorskoe complex (Russia) case study

Joint analysis of deep three-dimensional models of the electrical resistivity, seismic velocity, and density of the complex hosting the Sorskoe Cu–Mo deposit (Russia) is carried out aimed at finding geophysical markers characterizing the areas of ore generation, transportation and deposition. The three-dimensional lithology model of the study area is built based on the empirical relationship between the silica content of the rocks and seismic velocities. It is in agreement with geological and geochemical studies provided in this area earlier and could be used as a basis for forecasting locations of the copper–molybdenum ore deposits at depth. A conceptual model of the copper–porphyry complex explaining the mechanisms of ore generation, transportation from the lower to the upper crust and deposition in the upper crust is suggested. In particular, it is supposed that post-magmatic supercritical gas–water ore-bearing fluids are upwelling through the plastic crust due to the sliding of the fluid films along the cleavage planes of the foliated rocks while at the depths of the brittle upper crust this mechanism could be changed by volumetric fluid transportation along the network of large pores and cracks.