北部湾盆地海中凹陷油气成藏条件分析

海中凹陷位于北部湾盆地西南部，其勘探程度低，对油气成藏条件欠缺系统的认识和深入的研究。以含油气系统理论为指导，在简要介绍地层与构造特征的基础上，重点论述了烃源岩、储集层、圈闭及输导介质等油气系统的基本要素，认为海中凹陷发育多套烃源岩、多套储集层、多种类型圈闭和复合的输导介质，具备油气系统形成的基本条件，具有较为广阔的油气勘探前景。     

北部湾盆地迈陈凹陷油气成藏条件分析

迈陈凹陷位于北部湾盆地东北部，勘探程度低，对油气成藏条件缺乏系统和深入的认识。以油气地质理论为指导，在构造和沉积地层特征研究的基础上，重点分析了烃源岩、储集层、圈闭及输导介质等油气成藏的基本要素，认为迈陈凹陷拥有较好的烃源岩，发育多套储集层、多种类型圈闭和复合的输导介质，具备油气藏形成的基本条件，具有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

南堡凹陷4号构造带蛤坨断层特征与油气成藏关系

南堡凹陷4号构造带断裂发育,既发育沟通烃源岩的深断裂,也发育沟通浅层圈闭的次级断裂。综合利用地震、测井、岩性等资料分析断层的空间展布,计算蛤坨断层的生长指数和断层泥比率（SGR）,分析断层的活动性、封堵性,评价其输导性能,并结合其与烃源岩生排烃期的匹配关系研究断裂与油气运移、聚集的关系及控制规律。在典型油气藏剖面解剖的基础上,建立了4号构造带油气运聚成藏模式。     

构造坡折带隐蔽圈闭发育模式浅析

构造坡折带是由同沉积构造长期活动引起的沉积斜坡明显突变的地带，对盆地充填的可容纳空间和沉积作用可产生重要的影响，构造坡折带和油气资源分布有着较为密切的关系。隐蔽圈闭是沉积盆地油气勘探中后期重点勘探领域。构造坡折带是沉积盆地中隐蔽圈闭最发育的部位之一，多级构造坡折带组合对盆地隐蔽圈闭的发育有一定的影响，多级构造坡折带隐蔽圈闭发育更受到沉积环境和湖平面变化的影响；构造坡折带地区隐蔽圈闭油气成藏良好，高位域和三角洲前缘泥岩是良好的烃源岩，连片砂体和不整合界面及生长断裂是良好的输导条件，生长断裂和高位域泥岩具有良好的封盖作用。     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼流沙港组烃源岩热史及成熟史研究,对C洼深水油气勘探具有指导意义。在恢复涠西南凹陷C洼地史和热史的基础上,利用EASY%Ro模型计算了流沙港组烃源岩的成熟度史。研究结果表明,在涠西南凹陷发展的裂陷阶段初始期热流值较高,最大值约为77mW/m2,其后热流值逐渐减小,现今热流值约为54mW/m2;涠西南凹陷C洼流沙港组烃源岩开始生烃(Ro=0.5%)时间为51MaBP,达到生烃高峰(Ro=1%)时间为42MaBP,达到高成熟演化阶段(Ro=1.3%)时间为17MaBP;对比涠1井流沙港组烃源岩演化特征,处于C洼深水勘探区的流沙港组烃源岩成熟度较高,生烃能力较强,拥有广阔的油气勘探前景。     

对中国近海油气富集的地质特征的几点认识

通过对比分析中国近海含油气盆地内烃源岩的生烃潜力、储集层、盖层、油气运移、圈闭发育与主要生烃、排烃期配套等油气地质条件认为，上述诸因素在油气成藏过程中的相互配套程度的差异是造成中国近海具有相似生烃潜力的含油气盆地其油气富集程度差别巨大的关键因素。     

南海深水盆地油气地质特征及勘探方向

在深入调研南海深水盆地油气地质条件的基础上,系统分析了油气分布规律和成藏主控因素,明确了油气资源潜力和有利勘探方向,旨在为南海深水油气勘探决策提供科学依据。研究结果表明:南海深水盆地发育在非典型边缘海大陆边缘,其石油地质条件具有特殊性,油气分布特征存在显著的南北差异。其中,南海北部深水的珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地,以构造圈闭型油气藏为主;南海中南部深水的曾母盆地南部和文莱-沙巴盆地,主要为构造圈闭型油气藏,曾母盆地北部以岩性油气藏(生物礁滩型油气藏)为主,万安盆地主要为构造圈闭型和基岩潜山型油气藏。南海北部深水盆地和中南部深水盆地的烃源岩、储盖和圈闭等油气地质特征表明,南海深水盆地具有巨大的油气勘探潜力。南海深水的有利勘探方向为:①琼东南盆地乐东-陵水凹陷的中央峡谷、陵南斜坡带,松南-宝岛凹陷的反转构造带,宝岛凹陷北坡海底扇,长昌凹陷的环A洼圈闭带(海底扇);珠江口盆地白云凹陷的主洼深水扇、主洼两翼、西南断阶带,荔湾凹陷的深水扇。②南海中南部深水盆地的文莱-沙巴、曾母和万安盆地。     

张扭性断陷盆地构造样式与油气成藏的关系——以珠江口盆地恩平凹陷新生界为例

从张扭性断陷盆地的断裂特征入手,结合构造动力学形成机制,总结了恩平凹陷的构造样式特征及有利圈闭类型,并探讨了构造样式对烃源岩的形成和油气富集区带的控制作用。结果表明:恩平凹陷为双向伸展的上下构造层变形系统的叠合,即古近系为NE—EW向伸展构造系统,新近系为NW—NWW向伸展—张性扭动构造系统;发育了4大类伸展型构造样式,构造样式演化控制了半地堑结构、烃源岩发育情况、油气的初始运移方向和断裂构造带与圈闭类型分布,为新生界油气藏的形成创造了有利条件。     

乌石凹陷含油气远景

乌石凹陷是北部湾盆地的一个以下第三系沉积为主的生油凹陷。主要生油层流沙港组泥页岩生油指标高、厚度大、分布面积广,具有丰富的油气源;在早第三纪已形成的四个局部构造带为有利的油气聚集场所。凹陷东部流沙港组存在高压异常,而凹陷西部存在流沙港组与涠洲组两套烃源岩。     

沾化凹陷富林洼陷中次洼纵向油气不均匀富集及控制因素

沾化凹陷富林洼陷中次洼靠近垦利断裂带的区域纵向上油气富集存在不均匀性,通过烃源岩生烃演化分析、油源对比、断层活动性分析等方法分析了研究区的油气成藏特征和影响因素,结果表明:富林洼陷中次洼靠近垦利断裂带的区域深层沙三段储层和浅层东营组、馆下段储层均发现油藏,而中部沙二段和沙一段的圈闭大多为空。造成这种油气不均匀富集的因素为深层沙三段油藏中的油气来源于中次洼沙三下亚段烃源岩,而浅层东营组和馆下段油藏中的油气来源于孤南洼陷沙三下亚段烃源岩;富林洼陷油气来源有限,且烃源岩排烃期与垦利断层活动期配置不佳,油气输导条件受到限制,只能短距离运移在沙三段储层聚集;孤南洼陷油气来源充足,且烃源岩在大量排烃时期、垦利断层处在活动期,且能够输导油气,因此油气能够远距离地运移到富林中次洼的浅层东营组和馆下段聚集。     

松辽盆地登娄库—永安地区油气成藏模式研究

在已了解的松辽盆地登娄库—永安地区构造和沉积演化特点的基础上,利用现有钻井的岩心资料、测井资料和地震资料,对该地区的成藏模式特征从运移方式和生储盖空间组合两个方面上进行了研究和分类,分析了各自形成的主控因素.研究表明,该区域地层具有断坳双层结构,按油气运移类型划分,在断陷期主要发育两种油气成藏模式,分别为原生油气成藏模式和次生油气成藏模式;在坳陷期主要发育次生油气成藏模式和混生油气藏.从储层与烃源岩的空间组合上来看,区域内主要发育有上生下储、下生上储和自生自储这三种油气成藏模式.形成这些不同成藏模式的主要因素是该区深至基底的大型断裂构造和继承性断裂、反转构造以及固有沉积环境等.     

Tracing of deeply-buried source rock: A case study of the WC9-2 petroleum pool in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea

The identification of a deeply-buried petroleum-source rock, owing to the difficulty in sample collection, has become a difficult task for establishing its relationship with discovered petroleum pools and evaluating its exploration potential in a petroleum-bearing basin. This paper proposes an approach to trace a deeply-buried source rock. The essential points include: determination of the petroleum-charging time of a reservoir, reconstruction of the petroleum generation history of its possible source rocks, establishment of the spatial connection between the source rocks and the reservoir over its geological history, identification of its effective source rock and the petroleum system from source to trap, and evaluation of petroleum potential from the deeply-buried source rock. A case study of the W9-2 petroleum pool in the Wenchang A sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea was conducted using this approach. The W9-2 reservoir produces condensate oil and gas, sourced from deeply-buried source rocks. The reservoir consists of a few sets of sandstone in the Zhuhai Formation, and the possible source rocks include an early Oligocene Enping Formation mudstone and a late Eocene Wenchang Formation mudstone, with a current burial depth from 5000 to 9000 m. The fluid inclusion data from the reservoir rock indicate the oil and the gas charged the reservoir about 18–3.5 Ma and after 4.5 Ma, respectively. The kinetic modeling results show that the main stages of oil generation of the Wenchang mudstone and the Enping mudstone occurred during 28–20 Ma and 20–12 Ma, respectively, and that the δ¹³C₁ value of the gas generated from the Enping mudstone has a better match with that of the reservoir gas than the gas from the Wenchang mudstone. Results from a 2D basin modeling further indicate that the petroleum from the Enping mudstone migrated upward along the well-developed syn-sedimentary faults in the central area of the sag into the reservoir, but that the petroleum from the Wenchang mudstone migrated laterally first toward the marginal faults of the sag and then migrated upward along the faults into shallow strata. The present results suggest that the trap structure in the central area of the sag is a favorable place for the accumulation of the Enping mudstone-derived petroleum, and that the Wenchang mudstone-derived petroleum would have a contribution to the structures along the deep faults as well as in the uplifted area around the sag.     

东海盆地X凹陷Y气田的天然气成因、成藏模式及勘探意义

本文旨在厘清东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气成因,建立成藏模式,以指导下步勘探部署。本文从天然气组分、烷烃气碳同位素、轻烃、凝析油生物标志化合物等分析入手,系统研究了油气成因类型及来源,并结合构造演化史、生烃史分析,建立了Y气田成藏模式,提出了大中型气田的勘探方向。主要认识如下:（1）天然气组分碳同位素、轻烃和埋藏史分析表明,Y气田天然气为凹中始新统平湖组烃源岩在龙井运动期（距今13 Ma）生成的高成熟煤型气;（2）凝析油姥鲛烷/植烷、规则甾烷等特征,反映了凹中区平湖组烃源岩发育于弱氧化?弱还原潮坪、潟湖沉积环境,生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物;（3）Y气田具有“凹中区平湖组烃源岩、花港组大型水道砂储集体、挤压构造作用”时空耦合的成藏模式,明确了凹中挤压背斜带是X凹陷大中型气田勘探的主攻方向。     

Hydrocarbon Potential of Pre-cenozoic Strata in the North Yellow Sea Basin

The North Yellow Sea Basin ( NYSB ), which was developed on the basement of North China (Huabei) continental block, is a typical continental Mesozoic Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the sea area. Its Mesozoic basin is a residual basin, below which there is probably a larger Paleozoic sedimentary basin. The North Yellow Sea Basin comprises four sags and three uplifts. Of them, the eastern sag is a Mesozoic Cenozoic sedimentary sag in NYSB and has the biggest sediment thickness; the current Korean drilling wells are concentrated in the eastern sag. This sag is comparatively rich in oil and gas resources and thus has a relatively good petroleum prospect in the sea. The central sag has also accommodated thick Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments. The latest research results show that there are three series of hydrocarbon source rocks in the North Yellow Sea Basin, namely, black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous. The principal hydrocarbon source rocks in NYSB are the Mesozoic black shale. According to the drilling data of Korea, the black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous have all come up to the standards of good and mature source rocks. The NYSB owns an intact system of oil generation, reservoir and capping rocks that can help hydrocarbon to form in the basin and thus it has the great potential of oil and gas. The vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon resources is mainly considered to be in the Cretaceous and then in the Jurassic.     

黄海海域陆相中生界地震反射特征及靶区优选

利用前人对黄海海域油气勘探成果，作者对北黄海盆地，南黄海盆地北部坳陷陆相中生界进行了研究。结果认为：黄海海域陆相中生界分布广、厚度大、具有良好的生、储、盖组合，是该区下步油气战略性调查的首选目标。并提出北黄海陆相中生界油气勘探应以东部凹陷为主，同时兼顾中部凹陷。南黄海北部坳陷近期油气勘探重点应选择北部凹陷和加大东北凹陷的研究力度。南黄海南部坳陷陆相中生界油气勘探重点放在南五和南七凹陷。     

长岭坳陷腰英台油田青山口组油气成藏主控因素分析

腰英台油田区是松辽盆地南部近几年发现的具有超亿吨级储量规模的大型含油气区。结合勘探实践对腰英台地区青山口组油气成藏条件分析表明,油气成藏的主控因素包括烃源、储层和输导三个方面。油气成藏主要围绕乾安次凹生烃中心,烃源岩控制油藏的聚集与分布;断裂一方面作为输导体系,另一方面控制着不同类型油藏的平面分布;沉积微相控制砂体的平面分布以及砂体的储集物性。最终指出了近源带、断裂带、砂体发育带三者叠置区是下步勘探的有利方向。     

珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷油气差异分布特征

在烃源岩分布特征、有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,运用含油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了烃源岩热成熟演化史,探讨了油气差异分布特征。研究表明,文昌A凹陷各层系烃源岩分布广,厚度大,有机质丰度高;有机质类型文昌组偏Ⅱ1型,恩平组偏Ⅲ型,二者现今多处于高成熟—过成熟阶段。凹陷内烃源岩成熟时间早(文昌组约45.5Ma),现今成熟度高,以干气生成为主;凹陷边缘烃源岩成熟时间较晚(文昌组约30.0Ma),现今成熟度相对较低,以石油生成为主。凹陷现今油气差异分布的格局受制于有机质类型差异和热演化史不同,且下一步油气勘探方向,凹陷内以天然气为主,凹陷边缘以石油为主。     

中国南海北部珠江口-琼东南盆地钻井岩屑地球化学特征及深水区天然气聚集特征

The Qiongdongnan Basin and Zhujiang River(Pearl River) Mouth Basin, important petroliferous basins in the northern South China Sea, contain abundant oil and gas resource. In this study, on basis of discussing impact of oil-base mud on TOC content and Rock-Eval parameters of cutting shale samples, the authors did comprehensive analysis of source rock quality, thermal evolution and control effect of source rock in gas accumulation of the Qiongdongnan and the Zhujiang River Mouth Basins. The contrast analysis of TOC contents and Rock-Eval parameters before and after extraction for cutting shale samples indicates that except for a weaker impact on Rock-Eval parameter S_2, oil-base mud has certain impact on Rock-Eval S_1, Tmax and TOC contents. When concerning oil-base mud influence on source rock geochemistry parameters, the shales in the Yacheng/Enping,Lingshui/Zhuhai and Sanya/Zhuhai Formations have mainly Type Ⅱ and Ⅲ organic matter with better gas potential and oil potential. The thermal evolution analysis suggests that the depth interval of the oil window is between 3 000 m and 5 000 m. Source rocks in the deepwater area have generated abundant gas mainly due to the late stage of the oil window and the high-supper mature stage. Gas reservoir formation condition analysis made clear that the source rock is the primary factor and fault is a necessary condition for gas accumulation. Spatial coupling of source, fault and reservoir is essential for gas accumulation and the inside of hydrocarbon-generating sag is future potential gas exploration area.     

Oil migration driven by exhumation of the Canol Formation oil shale: A new conceptual model for the Norman Wells oil field,northwestern Canada

Thermal history, petroleum system, structural, and tectonic constraints are reviewed and integrated in order to derive a new conceptual model for the Norman Wells oil field, and a new play type for tectonically active foreland regions. The thermal history recorded by Devonian rocks suggests that source rocks experienced peak thermal conditions in the Triassic–Jurassic, during which time oil was likely generated. After initial oil generation and expulsion, the Canol Formation oil shale retained a certain fraction of hydrocarbons. The shallow reservoir (650–350 m) is a Devonian carbonate bank overlain by the Canol Formation and resides within a hanging wall block of the Norman Range thrust fault. Both reservoir and source rocks are naturally fractured and have produced high API non-biodegraded oil. Thrust faults in the region formed after the Paleocene, and a structural cross-section of the field shows that the source and reservoir rocks at Norman Wells have been exhumed by over 1 km since then.The key proposition of the exhumation model is that as Canol Formation rocks underwent thrust-driven exhumation, they crossed a ductile–brittle transition zone and dip-oriented fractures formed sympathetic to the thrust fault. The combination of pore overpressure and new dip-directed subvertical fractures liberated oil from the Canol Formation and allowed for up-dip oil migration. Reservoir rocks were similarly fractured and improved permeability enhanced charging and pooling of oil. GPS and seismicity data indicate that strain transfer across the northern Cordillera is a response to accretion of the Yakutat terrane along the northern Pacific margin of North America, which is also the probable driving force for foreland shortening and rock exhumation at Norman Wells.