基于等效介质模型和频变AVO反演的裂缝储层参数估算方法

由于裂缝性油气藏具有突出的资源潜力和经济效益,利用地震方法对裂缝储层进行精细的定量描述逐渐成为勘探地球物理的关键任务之一。为了克服以往数据驱动类反演方法无法直接获得裂缝参数、而基于静态等效介质模型驱动的反演方法无法描述孔隙内部结构和流体信息的缺点,笔者提出一种基于动态等效介质模型的储层定量描述新方法。该方法通过频变AVO(amplitude variation with offset)理论建立目标函数并使用全局最优化算法反演裂缝参数。一维和二维模型测试证实,由于充分利用了反射系数频变响应对裂缝密度和时间尺度因子的敏感性,反演方法可以对裂缝储层实现有效描述。     

基于堆石坝竣工期沉降观测数据的材料非线性本构模型参数反演

为了高效和准确地确定堆石料的非线性本构模型参数,提出了基于响应面方法的参数反演方法。采用有限元方法数值模拟了堆石坝的分层填筑过程。建立了堆石坝变形观测点沉降的响应面函数,确定了多项式响应面函数的系数。根据堆石坝竣工期变形观测数据和确定的响应面函数,采用优化方法反演确定了堆石料本构模型参数。工程实际应用结果表明,该方法具有较高的计算效率,预测的堆石坝沉降变形与现场观测值吻合较好。     

井中重力矢量数据联合反演研究

井中重力矢量测量可以近距离感知地下目标体,获得地质体不同方向的重力异常特征,提高地下介质的纵向分辨率.这里首先基于点元法实现了井中重力矢量正演,通过模型正演计算,分析了井中三分量重力异常响应特征,然后基于相关性搜索的黄金分割算法实现了井中重力矢量联合反演,通过模型反演分析了井中重力不同分量数据联合反演的效果,验证了反演...     

PSO-LSSVM模型在位移反分析中的应用

提出了一种基于均匀设计原理、最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)和粒子群优化算法(PSO)的快速位移反分析方法。该方法利用均匀设计和有限差分法获得学习样本,再用粒子群算法搜索最优的最小二乘支持向量机模型参数。并用最小二乘支持向量机回归模型建立反演参数与监测点位移值之间的非线性映射关系,最后用粒子群算法从全局空间上搜索与实测位移最吻合的反演参数。该反演模型利用了粒子群算法高效简单、均匀设计构造高质量小样本以及最小二乘支持向量机的小样本、泛化性能好的特点。将该模型应用于龙滩水电站左岸地下厂房区岩体地应力场的反演分析中,计算结果与实测的位移值和地应力值均吻合较好,说明了该模型在岩土工程快速反演分析中具有良好的应用价值。     

基于姿态参数的海洋可控源电磁数据一维反演

基于姿态信息的海洋可控源数据一维反演采用Occam方法进行,反演数据为不同收发距离观测到的电场振幅(MVO)。接收器和发射器姿态参数同时引入到反演中,正演过程引入发射源姿态参数,借助矢量分解将任意姿态的发射源分解为3个正交坐标轴分量源,分别计算接收点处电场响应,叠加得到总电场响应;根据接收器姿态信息,将计算坐标系中的电场矢量进行欧拉旋转获取任意姿态时测量到的电场响应。理论模型与实际数据反演结果表明,基于姿态信息进行海洋可控源勘探数据反演是可行的。     

矩形大定源瞬变测深数据模型约束反演

利用一维光滑模型约束反演对矩形大定源回线的数据进行反演,大定源回线瞬变电磁响应采用计算速度很快的小方形回线等效叠加方法获得.光滑模型反演分别采用基于平坦约束和光滑约束进行,通过对层状模型理论的垂直磁场感应电动势数据和实际数据进行反演,结果表明,采用光滑模型约束,能较稳定地获得地下电阻率的合理分布.     

基于量子遗传算法与多输出混合核相关向量机的堆石坝材料参数自适应反演研究

为进一步提高堆石坝材料参数反演模型的计算精度与适用性,建立了基于量子遗传算法（QGA）与多输出混合核相关向量机（MMRVM）的自适应反演模型。通过引入混合核函数,使所构建的MMRVM能够高精度地模拟材料参数与大坝沉降间的复杂非线性关系,从而代替耗时较长的有限元（FEM）计算。通过利用参数较固化的QGA优化确定MMRVM核参数,使反演模型具有自适应性。以实测沉降数据为依据,充分发挥QGA的全局搜索能力反演筑坝材料本构模型参数。在分析模型所需测点个数与信噪比对计算结果影响的基础上,通过公伯峡堆石坝应用实例证明：QGA-MMRVM可快速、精确地反演堆石坝筑坝材料本构模型参数,模型凭借其自适应性在实际工程中具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。     

一种地震共反射点道集数据的叠前反演方法

叠前地震资料含有地层的纵波、横波速度和密度等信息。利用叠前反演获得隐藏在地震数据中的这些基本参数后,即可揭示大量岩性及孔隙流体性质的信息。这里推导了平面波在层状弹性介质中传播的正演算子,提出了一种基于Brent正交搜索方向组的叠前三参数反演方法．该方法不需要求解庞大而复杂的导数矩阵。通过自适应退火因子和罚函数来处理约束条件,提高了算法的稳定性。将K—L变换引入到方向置换过程,有效防止了搜索方向组的线性相关。经理论模型和油田实际数据的反演结果表明,该反演方法是一种利用叠前地震数据进行储层预测的有效手段。     

基于贝叶斯理论面波频散曲线随机反演

面波频散曲线反演是获得地下横波速度结构的重要地球物理方法。常规基于迭代最小二乘等线性反演方法依赖于初始模型,且存在多极值、容易陷入局部最小、反演精度低等问题。基于贝叶斯理论的随机反演方法是一种可以融合先验信息的非线性反演方法,该方法无需人为给定初始模型,仅利用先验信息对模型进行随机采样,根据概率分布筛选接受合适的后验概率密度估计结果,可达到对细节信息的准确估计。本文针对瑞利面波频散曲线,提出了基于GPR数据先验资料约束的贝叶斯马尔科夫蒙特卡洛(MCMC)随机反演方法,通过随机改变模型参数并计算其频散曲线与实际频散曲线的似然函数来选择是否接受新的模型参数,不断重复此过程,最终得到与实际频散曲线拟合效果最佳的最优解以及横波速度解的后验概率密度分布。通过理论模型以及实际数据反演测试,验证了该方法与常规无约束的随机反演相比,可以有效地提高反演速度和反演精度。     

基于速度分析的探地雷达阻抗介电常数反演

阻抗反演是利用波阻抗与介电常数关系开展地下介质参数估计的重要技术,在探地雷达以及叠后地震资料解释中具有广泛的应用。常规阻抗反演需要钻孔或测井曲线作为约束项,约束项信息直接影响阻抗反演的估计精度。在缺少钻孔数据的实际应用中,如何开展探地雷达阻抗反演是该方法研究的重要内容之一。基于上述问题,本文提出了基于速度分析的探地雷达阻抗反演方法。其基本思想是基于多偏移距雷达数据开展速度谱分析和Dix反演,以获得不同深度的速度信息作为阻抗反演的约束项;同时,采用K-means方法自动拾取速度谱信息,大大降低了常规人工拾取误差,提高了计算效率。通过典型随机土壤介质模型,验证了本文方法在无钻孔条件下仍然可以获得较好的介电常数估计结果,并测试噪声适应能力强。最后通过美国密歇根州Wurtsmith AFB,in Oscoda区域的探地雷达数据测试了本文提出方法在探地雷达实测数据参数估计中具有较好的应用效果。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of