中国满洲里－绥芬河地学断面地球化学研究

中国满洲里－绥芬河地学断面地球化学研究李双林，迟效国，尹冰川，戚长谋（中国科学院地球化学研究所贵阳５５０００２）（长春地质学院．长春１３００６１）关键词地学断面，地球化学分区，地球计学分带，构造演化地学断面的地球化学研究的目的是为了查明断面域地壳一上...     

东亚地区区域构造演化与构造域划分

东亚大陆不是简单地以一个巨型前寒武纪克拉通为主体而形成的单一大陆, 而是由一些小板块和众多微陆块及其间的褶皱带或造山带组合、经长期演化而形成的复合大陆。在前人分区研究成果的基础上, 把东亚地区作为一个整体, 经系统分析和有机整合, 形成对整个东亚地区构造背景和构造演化的系统认识。研究表明, 东亚地区构造演化过程可划分为3个阶段, 即前寒武纪稳定陆壳形成阶段、古生代陆洋分化对立阶段和中新生代盆山对峙发展阶段, 尤其以中新生代以来的构造演化对东亚大陆具有重要意义。以燕山期以来东亚地区所受地球动力学背景及其在不同地区作用的差异为主要参考指标, 可将东亚地区划分为7个构造域:西部挤压构造域、西部相对稳定构造域、青藏—羌塘构造域、中部克拉通构造域、俯冲边缘构造域、东部环太平洋构造域和兴安—蒙古构造域, 构造域的划分对于研究区内沉积盆地的成盆演化历史、进行盆地类型划分和盆地油气资源潜力类比分析具有重要的指导意义。      

早前寒武纪大陆块壳构造理论——华北克拉通早前寒武纪基底构造格架、地壳演化及其与区域地球化学不均一性的关系研究

早前寒武纪大陆块壳构造理论——华北克拉通早前寒武纪基底构造格架、地壳演化及其与区域地球化学不均一性的关系研究张福勤＊＊（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词大陆块壳并合带地壳演化进程地球化学不均一性早前寒武纪地质学研究是地球科学最基础的...     

同位素地球化学填图与化学地球动力学在东秦岭…

总结了应用同位素地球化学填图和化学地球动力学研究东秦岭造山带的初步经验，并以较成功的实例来说明，内容包括（１）华北和扬子克拉通幔源和壳源岩石化学和Ｎｄ、Ｐｂ同位素组成及壳幔演化差异的确定；（２南秦岭前寒武纪基底应归属于扬子陆块构造－地球化学省的地球化学论证；（３）关于东秦岭蛇绿岩铅同位素的Ｄｕｐａｌ型特征及其同三江块的地球化学证据；（５）东秦岭新元古代和早古生代洋壳俯冲消减及聚汇带壳－幔再循环的地     

东北及内蒙古东部地区显生宙构造演化的有关问题

以国家油气资源战略选区项目研究成果为基础,结合近年来该区积累的大量区域地质调查资料和已发表的数据,对东北及内蒙古东部地区早古生代以来的大地构造性质及其演化进行综合对比分析。东北地区晚古生代以来的构造演化以稳定的大陆地块为主体,而非两大板块间多岛洋演化形成的造山带。东北地区的各地块均具有前寒武纪—早前寒武纪、甚至是太古宙的古老基底,它们在早古生代早期(490～510Ma)同时遭受了区域变质作用和花岗质岩浆侵入。350～450Ma,各地块均处于相对稳定的构造环境,以普遍缺失这一时期的花岗质岩浆活动记录为标志。从早古生代晚期开始,东北及内蒙古东部地区至少已存在2个早古生代早期固结的微陆块,即额尔古纳—兴安微陆块和松嫩—佳木斯微陆块,这2个微陆块向北分别与俄罗斯境内的额尔古纳微陆块和布列亚微陆块相连。二者在早石炭世沿北北东向展布的开鲁—嫩江—黑河—诺拉—索霍提(Nora-Soukhotin)一线碰撞拼合,形成统一的东北亚晚古生代大陆板块。西拉沐伦河断裂西端被北北东向构造所截,向东延至开鲁—嫩江断裂,并没有延伸到松辽盆地内,说明西拉沐伦河断裂可能与开鲁—嫩江碰撞带的形成有关。从晚石炭世开始,东北亚大陆板块整体处于伸展构造背景,至少在中国境内具有北陆南海的构造-沉积古地理格局,早期发育以火山岩为主的断陷盆地,到中二叠世演化成一个规模巨大的海相沉积盆地。中生代以来,东北地区的构造体制转换及物质成分演化不仅仅是古亚洲洋构造域和西太平洋构造域叠加转换的结果,蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造域的演化对该区现今构造体制的形成也具有重要影响。地质和地球物理综合证据显示,大兴安岭北部的得尔布干断裂、内蒙古中部的贺根山断裂和黑龙江省东部的跃进山断裂可能并不是具有一定深度规模的构造分区断裂。东北地区的中、新生代盆地之下并非都是变质结晶基底,而是存在一个规模巨大的晚古生代海相沉积盆地。     

从板块构造观点看前寒武纪岩石

由于前寒武纪占地质时代的7/8,为了解地壳演化的模式,就首先要了解前寒武纪活动带的构造演化情况。现在我们必须提出的问题是:地幔对流是发生在晚元古代之前,还是某些其他不均一的构造机制导致了大部分前寒武纪造山带的形成? 为了回答这一点,我们很自然地回到岩石这个问题上,并且考虑它们的相互共生组合、时代关系、构造发展和地球化学特征,确定它们是否经由威尔逊旋回这一演化过程。但我们首先要单独考虑一下某些与前寒武纪构造发展有关的地球物理方面的因素,即热的产生和古地磁。     

前寒武纪地质学研究进展与前景

前寒武纪地质学是地质科学重要分支学科之一,以地球早期演化历史为主要研究对象。近几年我国前寒武纪地层学、前寒武纪构造演化、前寒武纪古生物学和前寒武纪成矿作用等方面的研究取得重要进展。在高精度微区测年技术的支持下,相继建立了鞍山、泰山和五台山等早前寒武纪经典地区的年代格架,推动了华北克拉通早前寒武纪构造格架的研究;中国晚前...     

前寒武纪构造──研究现状和思路

前寒武纪占地球历史的绝大部分时间（约为八分之七），其物质组成为地壳体积的85％。它在发展演化上的方向性、阶段性和不可逆转的本质，以及所铸就的历史和非历史范畴的典型表现，都深深吸引着人类的思维。前寒武纪地质特征的时空变化，根本上取决于早期地球总体构造条件演化。因为不同的大地构造环境、特征的构造物理条件都制约着各类岩石和地层的展市格局，以及它们的构造变形特征；而构造变形特征又从一个侧面反映了构造层次、构造相、动力学特征及其变化的历史过程。可以说，。前寒武纪构造始终就是地球科学研究的热点，它促进地球科学…     

2009年全国岩石学与地球动力学研讨会即将召开

2009年全国岩石学与地球动力学研讨会定于2009年9月20日～26日在长春召开,会议由会前专题讲座、会议研讨和会后野外地质考察3部分内容组成。研讨专题包括岩石圈减薄与克拉通破坏、地壳深俯冲与造山带地质演化、青藏高原构造-岩浆演化与成矿、造山带岩浆作用与大陆岩石圈演化、前寒武纪超大陆形成与演化、中哑造山带地质演化、构造域地质演化与成矿作用、大陆地壳形成与演化的沉积记录、计算与实验地球化学。请欲参会者尽快与会务组联系。     

秦岭造山带前寒武纪地幔化学分区及壳幔物质循环——Pb，Nd同位素及微量元素证据

对秦岭造山带４个构造单元前寒武纪基性火山岩６４个岩石样品的Ｐｂ同位素，２４个岩石样品的Ｎｄ同位素和３８个岩石样品的微量元素组成进行了同位素组成间、微量元素对比值间和同位素组成与微量元素含量比值间相关变异分析，并研究了岩石Ｐｂ同位素组成的拓扑学特征．结果表明：秦岭造山带前寒武纪地幔可划分成４个化学分区；４个分区中华北地台南缘区长期独立演化，具典型大陆岩石圈特征；另３个地幔分区间相关演化，且均不同程度地与大洋环境相联系，说明在岩石圈尺度上前寒武纪北秦岭与华北地台间的边界是秦岭地区最重要的地幔化学不均一界面；前寒武纪北秦岭带幔源岩浆与南秦岭带和扬子地台北缘区幔源岩浆的源区组成既有差异，晚期又有一定相似性，反映前寒武纪晚期南秦岭带和扬子地台岩石圈块体已向北秦岭带和华北地台俯冲，故南北秦岭间的分界既是秦岭造山带内的地幔化学不均一界面，又是秦岭造山带岩石圈构造界面；秦岭造山带各构造区带在造壳过程同时也存在地壳物质回返地幔的过程，由于岩石圈构造环境的差异，不同时期各构造区带参加壳幔物质循环的地壳组分有所不同     

Structural evolution of Vendian and early to Middle Paleozoic complexes in Uraltau Zone and Sakmara allochthons,Southern Urals

The structural evolution of the Late Precambrian and Early to Middle Paleozoic complexes is considered for the southern part of the Uraltau Zone and its extension in the Ebeta Antiform, as well as for the northeastern and northwestern frameworks of the ophiolitic Khabarny Allochthon, where the Late Precambrian and Paleozoic complexes of the continental margin in combination with ophiolites are drawn together in packets of tectonic nappes. The formation of the regional structure took place during several stages in various geodynamic settings. Five deformation stages have been recognized in the regional structural evolution from new data on mesostructural parageneses, which consist of folds that developed within outcrops and their relationships in rocks differing in age. The first stage is related to the Late Precambrian Timanian, or Cadomian Orogeny, and four subsequent deformation stages characterize Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the region. The geodynamic nature of the second stage remains unknown; the third stage is related to overthrusting of ophiolites in the Early Devonian; the fourth stage of deformations marks Late Paleozoic continental collision. The fifth stage of postcollisional strike-slip deformations completes the regional structural evolution.     

华北北部古生代大陆地壳增生过程中的岩浆作用与成矿效应

包括前寒武纪克拉通与显生宙造山带两大构造单元的华北北部,古生代时期板块构造体制下古亚洲洋的裂解-扩展-消亡与汇聚大陆边缘的俯冲-碰撞-伸展循环构成了其大陆地壳增生与再造演化的基本图景,并形成了一系列记录这些因果演变连续过程的岩浆侵入与喷发事件。这些物质记录无疑是研究汇聚大陆边缘壳-幔作用和物质交换、大陆地壳演化与大规模成矿作用耦合关系的绝佳窗口。本文在系统总结最近几年积累的年代学和岩石地球化学资料的基础上,以一些带有特定过程印记的标志性岩浆事件为纲领,表征这些古生代岩浆作用形成过程中的地球动力学演变,揭示其所记录的华北北部大陆地壳的多阶段增生与再造演化机制,并初步探讨了有利地球动力学过程制约下的岩浆行为引起的成矿物质聚集效应。     

Geological framework and Paleozoic tectonic history of the Chinese Altai, NW China: a review

The Chinese Altai, as a key portion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is dominated by variably deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks and granitic intrusions. Its Early Paleozoic tectonic setting has been variously considered as a passive continental margin, a subduction-accretion complex, or a Precambrian microcontinent, and two representative competing tectonic models have been proposed, i.e., open-closure versus subduction-accretion. Recent studies demonstrate that the high-grade metamorphic rocks previously considered as fragments of a Precambrian basement have zircon U-Pb ages (predominantly 528 to 466 Ma) similar to those of the widely distributed low-grade metasedimentary rocks named as Habahe Group in the region, and all these meta-sedimentary rocks were dominantly deposited in the Early Paleozoic. Petrological evidence and geochemical compositions further suggest that these meta-sedimentary rocks were probably deposited in an active margin, not a passive continental margin as previously proposed. The detrital zircons of sediments and igneous zircons from granitoids including the inherited ones (mainly 543–421 Ma) mostly give positive ?_Hf(t) values, suggesting significant contributions from mantle-derived juvenile materials to the lower crust. A modeling calculation based on zircon Hf isotopic compositions suggests that as much as 84% of the Chinese Altai is possibly made up of “juvenile” Paleozoic materials. Thus, available data do not support the existence of a Precambrian basement, but rather indicate that the Chinese Altai represented a huge subduction-accretion complex in the Paleozoic. Zircon U-Pb dating results for granitoids indicate that magmatism was active continuously from the Early to Middle Paleozoic, and the strongest magmatic activity took place in the Devonian, coeval with a significant change in zircon Hf isotopic composition. These findings, together with the occurrence of chemically distinctive igneous rocks and the high-T metamorphism, can be collectively accounted for by ridge-trench interaction during the accretionary orogenic process.     

内蒙古阿拉善北部杭乌拉地区早古生代硅质岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

内蒙古阿拉善北部杭乌拉地区位于中亚造山带的中段南缘,处于西伯利亚板块、塔里木板块和华北板块之间,是研究中亚造山带和古亚洲洋演化的重要区域。文中以杭乌拉地区硅质岩地球化学特征为主要研究内容,结合前人研究结果,对阿拉善北部地区早古生代构造背景进行分析。杭乌拉地区下古生界西双鹰山组和班定陶勒盖组硅质岩镜下可见黏土、陆源粉砂和放射虫等,表现为明显的沉积成因特征。硅质岩地球化学特征一致性较差,其中Fe、Mn、Al等主量元素、Sc/Th值、(La/Ce)_n值和δCe值反映出硅质岩为大陆边缘沉积,(La/Yb)_n值反映硅质岩接近于远洋沉积背景,δEu 值表现为无热液作用影响,V、V/Y、Ti/V值多接近于洋中脊和大洋盆地硅质岩特征,U/Th、Ba/Sr值也属于热水成因硅质岩特征。硅质岩稀土元素配分曲线呈平坦状,无明显的右倾(大陆边缘轻稀土元素富集配分模式)和左倾(开放洋盆重稀土元素富集配分模式)特征。研究区早古生代地质记录相对较少,但是鉴于该地区晚古生代复杂的构造演化特征及其对早古生代古地理格局的继承,并结合上述硅质岩地球化学特征,认为研究区在早古生代为一个多岛洋环境。     

1∶25万大同幅区域地质调查项目成果

通过对1∶25万大同市幅地质概况的介绍,重点论述了所取得的主要成果: ①对区内构造单元进行了划分,查明了各个构造单元的物质组成及变质、变形特点,建立了早前寒武纪地质构造事件演化序列及其地质构造演化模式,恢复了本区的地质构造发展史; ②对前人所称集宁群进行了重新认识和解体,认为原集宁群由变质深成岩与变质表壳岩系组成,同时针对区内的沉积盖层,系统地建立了岩石地层格架,为生物地层、年代地层划分提供了新资料; ③将区内变质深成岩划分为4个岩浆岩带,对各个岩浆岩带的变质深成岩进行了详细解体与划分; ④针对区内的中生代侵入岩,查明了其空间分布、岩石特征、岩石化学及地球化学特征,探讨了岩石成因,研究了其构造背景; ⑤针对区内早前寒武纪变质岩系变质矿物,查明了不同变质体的变质矿物组合特点和矿物世代关系; ⑥针对区内的构造形迹,建立了本区构造格架,将早前寒武纪的构造变形划分为五台期早晚2次变形,吕梁期早晚2次变形,并针对区内中生代构造,查明了各个盆地的盆缘构造特征和不同方向、不同期次、不同性质断裂的分期配套关系,尤其是查明了大同盆地西缘大型构造带的空间展布、性质、断裂组合及运动学特征,对探讨山西中—新生代盆地的演化发展具有重要意义。     

Late Paleozoic tectonic -magmatic evolution history of the northeastern ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Northeastern China is suited in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and it is mainly composed of Erguna Massif, Xing'an Massif, Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Massif, Jiamusi Massif, and Nadanhada Terrane. The Late Paleozoic magmatism was relatively intense accompanied with multiple stages of amalgamation in several microcontinents, therefore these magmatic products are an important media in recording the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution history of the northeastern China. According to the petrological, geochronological, and geochemical characteristics of Late Paleozoic igneous rocks in the northeastern China, we found that the Late Paleozoic magmatism was based on Carboniferous -Permian igneous rocks. The Early Carboniferous magmatic products are gabbro, diorite and granite, the Late Carboniferous magmatic products are mainly composed of granitoids with minor gabbro, and the Permian magmatic products are mainly granitoids. Meanwhile, these Late Paleozoic igneous rocks mostly exhibit typical arc characteristics. In addition, the Late Paleozoic igneous rocks in eastern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces are mainly Permian granitoids with minor gabbro, and these Permian igneous rocks show typical arc characteristics. Combined with petrological, geochronological, geochemical and isotopic characteristics, we suggest that the Late Paleozoic igneous rocks in the Great Xing'an Range and eastern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces underwent different magmatic evolution history, and the microcontinents in NE China had different crustal growth history.     

宗务隆构造带西段三叠系隆务河组碎屑锆石特征及其构造意义

宗务隆构造带位于柴北缘构造带与南祁连构造带之间,总体呈北西西向展布。构造带东段丰富的岩浆活动记录了该构造带晚古生代—中生代期间的裂解和闭合过程,而西段岩浆活动的记录较为稀少,对于其东、西段是否具有相同的构造演化尚不清晰。通过分析构造带西段三叠系隆务河组碎屑岩的地球化学特征、碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成,认为隆务河组的碎屑沉积物的源区古风化程度轻微,不具备沉积再循环的特征,原岩主要为长英质岩石,南祁连新元古代花岗质片麻岩和早古生代大陆弧型花岗岩为隆务河组碎屑岩的主要物源;碎屑岩可能沉积于早中三叠世挠曲型盆地中;锆石U-Pb年龄分析表明宗务隆构造带东西段构造演化具有不同的历程,东段发育有限洋盆,而西段并未出现,转换地带可能位于生格至罗根郭勒之间。     

Concerning tectonics and the tectonic evolution of the Arctic

The particularities of the current tectonic structure of the Russian part of the Arctic region are discussed with the division into the Barents–Kara and Laptev–Chukchi continental margins. We demonstrate new geological data for the key structures of the Arctic, which are analyzed with consideration of new geophysical data (gravitational and magnetic), including first seismic tomography models for the Arctic. Special attention is given to the New Siberian Islands block, which includes the De Long Islands, where field work took place in 2011. Based on the analysis of the tectonic structure of key units, of new geological and geophysical information and our paleomagnetic data for these units, we considered a series of paleogeodynamic reconstructions for the arctic structures from Late Precambrian to Late Paleozoic. This paper develops the ideas of L.P. Zonenshain and L.M. Natapov on the Precambrian Arctida paleocontinent. We consider its evolution during the Late Precambrian and the entire Paleozoic and conclude that the blocks that parted in the Late Precambrian (Svalbard, Kara, New Siberian, etc.) formed a Late Paleozoic subcontinent, Arctida II, which again “sutured” the continental masses of Laurentia, Siberia, and Baltica, this time, within Pangea.     

新疆西天山古生代侵入岩的地质特征及构造意义

新疆西天山造山带位于古亚洲构造域的中南部,古生代岩浆活动强烈,侵入岩发育。文章系统总结了新疆西天山古生代侵入岩的时空分布、地质特征及其地球化学特征,认为其是南、北天山洋盆演化的产物,早石炭世及其以前的古生代侵入岩呈带状分布于各山系中,主要为一套与洋盆收敛俯冲有关的钙碱性侵入岩,晚石炭世及其之后的古生代侵入岩则具有面状分布的特征,主要为一套与同碰撞有关的富铝花岗岩和后造山的富钾花岗岩。     

MULTIPLE ISLAND ARC-BASIN SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION IN GANGDISE TECTONIC BELT,TIBET

MULTIPLE ISLAND ARC-BASIN SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION IN GANGDISE TECTONIC BELT,TIBET