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一种双星故障条件下RAIM可用性评估的改进方法

在总结已有的RAIM可用性评估的矩阵最大特征值方法（MMEM）基础上,改进已有的双星故障条件下RAIM可用性方法中的数学模型,提出RAIM可用性评估的极大值方法（MM）。基于给定的完好性风险参数和国际GNSS监测评估系统（IGMAS）提供的2020-09-06中国境内8个跟踪站的BDS实测数据,利用2种方法计算双星故障条件下水平保护级别（HPL）,比较并分析2种方法在双星故障条件下BDS的RAIM可用性性能。结果表明,在中国境内,MMEM除在非精密进近（NPA）计算的RAIM可用性不及MM外,整体可用性高于MM,但MM耗时较少;MM计算的可用性能够完全满足航路和远洋2个阶段,MMEM计算的可用性可以完全满足终端、航路和远洋3个阶段;基于MM的RAIM可用性评估方法理论严密、数学模型简单、易于进行程序设计,是除MMEM外的另一种RAIM可用性评估方法。     

微动台阵法探测地下结构的实验研究

应用微动台阵法在江汉平原和长江大堤开展应用实验。结果表明,空间自相关法比频率-波数法结果更为稳定;通过变换台阵的尺寸可以探测浅至数米深至数百米的地下结构信息;利用台阵在空间上的平移观测可获取地下二维及三维的结构信息。     

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高桥断裂带土氡浓度特征研究

测量高桥断裂土氡(Rn)浓度，分析龚家桥及中阳坡2条测线的土氡浓度特征，并与宏观剖面对比，以揭示断裂的位置、规模等信息。结果显示，2条测线中土氡浓度背景值分别为34 138 Bq/m3、26 960 Bq/m3,异常下限分别为53 580 Bq/m3、53 322 Bq/m3，土氡异常区域指示龚家桥处断裂宽度不超过60 m，中阳坡处断裂宽度不超过40 m。     

LCR-G型相对重力仪周期项参数的确定方法

基于国家重力基准网观测数据,采用正则化方法对LCR-G型相对重力仪周期项参数进行筛选,并分析平差解算的结果。结果表明,当惩罚因子λ取80时,正则化方法筛选相对重力仪周期项的效果良好,正则化参数α值的变化对周期项筛选结果影响甚微;周期项振幅量级最大超过10 μGal,且对重力基准网平差重力值结果的影响达到μGal量级;相对重力仪的周期会随着观测环境或者时间变化,导致解算结果不一致,这是由于周期函数模型与实际周期变化有差异,模型只能近似而不能真正模拟周期的变化。     

基于相关分析的组合导航RAIM模型研究

探讨基于相关分析理论的组合导航RIAM方法,并给出单个和多个探测粗差的相关分析检验流程。通过模拟12颗GPS和Galileo组合导航卫星定位系统,分别给单颗和两颗正常卫星加入粗差。仿真结果表明：观测值的影响向量与残差的相关系数可以定位含粗差的卫星并将粗差卫星予以剔除。     

相邻历元误差相关的抗差卡尔曼滤波算法分析

根据卡尔曼滤波理论以及抗差理论,本文推导出了相邻历元误差相关的抗差卡尔曼滤波模型,其对观测值中含有粗差有良好的抗差性。通过对含有粗差的变形监测数据分析,与相邻历元误差相关的卡尔曼滤波模型进行比较,采用本文构造的抗差卡尔曼滤波模型处理数据,无论是否有粗差存在观测值里,变形计算结果与实际结果大体一致,粗差对计算结果的影响不敏感。在对变形监测数据分析时,可得出卡尔曼滤波方法估计的状态向量,没有寄存大量的以往观测数据,而是使用最近的观测数据,经过不断的预测和改正,把新的状态展示在系统中。     

Study of Dissolved Chlorofluorocarbons in Lake Washington

Measurements of three chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) :trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11),dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113), along with methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were made in water samples from Lake Washington,using Electron Capture-Gas Chromatography (EC-GC).The samples were collected in mid-autumn, a period when the lake‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘s upper layer undergoes rapid cooling,At the time of sam-pling,a strong vertical temperature gradient was present in the lake,with surface temperatures of -14℃,and near bottom(50 meters) temperatures of -8℃ ,The concentrations of dissolved CFC-12 and CFC-11 increased with depht ,as expected from the higher solubilities of these gases at lower temperatures ,Atmospheric measurements made at the sampling site at the time of the cruise ,showed that CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations in the near surface samples were 100% and 106%,respectively,For the deepest sample (52 meters)CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations were 102% and 126%,Because the surface layer of the lake respondes to changes in atmospheric CFCs on a time scale of several weeks ,the highere than equilibrium concentrations of CFC-12 observed at the time of sampling may reflect earlier episodes of elevated levels of atmospheric CFC-12 in this urban area.High concentrations of dissolved CFCs in runoff or industrial effluent might also lead to elevated CFC levels in the lake. The cold ,deep water of Lake Wahington is realtively isolated from the effects of surface gas exchange except during winter ,and the supersaturations observed in the deep layer may reflect pe-riods of elevated atmospheric CFC-12 levels from the previous winter season.These results were compared to summertime profiles of CFC-11 and CFC-12 made in 1994.     

中国及邻区岩石层大地水准面正演模拟

依据地震层析成像、地震测深和大地电磁测深结果给出的地球内部结构和物性分布 ,模拟了中国及邻区岩石圈中短波长大地水准面起伏。正演模拟结果显示 :地形起伏引起的大地水准面异常巨大 ,幅值变化可达 2 10 m,最大值在青藏高原 ,达 150余 m。沉积层底面起伏产生的大地水准面异常非常小 ,幅值只有 6.5m,表现出短波长特征。岩石层底面起伏产生的大地水准面异常极为平缓 ,约为 2 0 m。莫霍面产生的大地水准面异常形态与地形起伏引起的大地水准面异常形态相近 ,异常幅值只有后者的 2 / 3,在青藏高原只有后者的一半。岩石层内密度不均匀引起的大地水准面异常的幅值约为 75m。     

基于摄影测量的ASTER影像云顶高度解算模型与实验

云顶高度是天气预报、天气监测的重要因子,准确的云顶高度对提高天气分析和数值预报的质量,具有重要的科学意义。立体几何法是公认云顶高度解算精度较高的方法,目前,普遍采用卫星-球心-投影云-真云的平面和球面三角几何关系,以及影像匹配技术解算云顶高度,由于采用了理想椭球体和重投影技术,以及对云移动考虑不足,因此误差较大。本文将数字摄影测量理论与遥感技术相结合,首次将摄影测量共线方程用于云顶高度解算。本文利用ASTER影像,依据相关系数法解求云迹风,并将其引入到摄影测量共线方程中,建立了ASTER影像的云顶高度解算模型,进行了未考虑和考虑风速的云顶高度解算,通过地面点计算,本文解算误差为2个像元（30 m）左右,经与MISR云顶高度产品对比分析,认为该模型解算的考虑风速的云顶高度精度优于MISR解算结果。