"十五"时期环渤海城市群经济联系分析

环渤海城市群是中国北方重要的经济增长区域,未来发展前景十分广阔,分析"十五"时期环渤海城市群经济联系的动态变化规律必将为"十一五"乃至更长一段时期环渤海城市群空间经济联系产生"抛砖引玉"的功效。选取"十五"时期环渤海地区京津冀、辽中南、山东半岛共28座城市的市区从业人员、GDP、人均GDP等指标,利用城市流强度等模型测度了三大城市群内部经济联系强度,并与长三角、珠三角共25座城市相比较。结果表明:京津冀城市群经济联系强度居环渤海地区首位,辽中南次之,山东半岛位居最后;"十五"期末与期初相比,京津冀、辽中南的经济联系强度均呈上升态势,其中,尤以京津冀上升幅度最大,而山东半岛则出现了明显的下降;与长三角、珠三角相比,京津冀经济联系强度虽弱于长三角,但略强于珠三角,而辽中南、山东半岛与长三角、珠三角的差距则更为显著。     

2000年以来中国东部四大沿海城市群城市旅游业发展效率的综合测度与时空特征

以城市群地级以上城市为生产单元,采用传统DEA、Bootstrap-DEA纠偏和Malmquist指数模型测算和分析中国东部4 大沿海城市群城市旅游业发展效率与时空特征。结果表明：①由传统DEA模型测度的城市群城市旅游业综合效率及其分解效率值均要高于Bootstrap-DEA纠偏模型测度后的效率值,表明了传统模型测度存在明显高估倾向的问题。② 2000 年以来4 大城市群主要直辖市、省会城市和核心城市旅游业投入资源利用综合水平呈持续良好态势;同时,长三角和珠三角城市旅游业平均投入资源利用综合水平呈无效向良好转变,京津冀和山东半岛城市旅游业则呈无效向中等转变。③ 2000 年以来珠三角和长三角城市旅游业综合效率受纯技术效率的影响程度略强于规模效率,而京津冀和山东半岛城市旅游业则反之。④ 2000年以来4 大城市群大多数城市提高幅度大但趋于下降,珠三角和长三角主要直辖市、省会城市和核心城市全要素生产率变化提高幅度略高于京津冀和山东半岛;同时,珠三角、长三角、京津冀和山东半岛城市旅游业平均全要素生产率提高幅度呈依次下降态势。     

城市群竞争力评价实证研究——以山东半岛城市群为例

以山东半岛城市群为实证,以辽中南、京津唐、长三角、海峡西岸、珠三角等沿海城市群作为比较对象,对山东半岛城市群竞争力进行综合评价.近年来山东半岛城市群的经济、社会、环境、潜能、辐射及综合竞争力在沿海城市群中的排名变化较小,处于第二梯队的首位,但不同竞争力要素都有一定变化.山东半岛城市群的环境竞争力在沿海城市群中具有突出优势,而经济、社会、潜能、辐射等竞争力距长三角、珠三角、京津唐城市群均有一定差距,但社会、潜能、辐射竞争力稍高于辽中南、海峡西岸城市群.     

2001～2012年中国三大城市群土地利用效率评价研究北大核心CSCD

利用DEA模型测算了2001~2012年长三角、京津冀及珠三角三大城市群土地利用效率,通过研究得出以下结论：1长三角、京津冀和珠三角三大城市群的城市土地利用效率总体上均呈现下降的趋势,下降比例分别为6.06%、2.86%、24.34%,特别是珠三角城市群下降幅度最大,为长三角和京津冀的4倍和8.5倍,证实珠三角城市群城市土地利用效率下降的迅速性。2京津冀城市群城市土地利用效率整体偏高,冗余量相对较少,降速明显低于长三角和珠三角两大城市群的城市土地利用效率。长三角、珠三角城市群的土地利用效率处于持续降低的状态。3三大城市群城市土地利用效率的规模报酬有效性的城市比例下降幅度分别为10.53%、10%、33.34%,珠三角下降幅度最大,为长三角和京津冀的3.17倍和3.33倍;4长三角城市群土地利用效率差异较大,京津冀城市群、珠三角城市群＂中心-外围＂现象明显。     

2001～2012年中国三大城市群土地利用效率评价研究

利用DEA模型测算了2001~2012年长三角、京津冀及珠三角三大城市群土地利用效率,通过研究得出以下结论:1长三角、京津冀和珠三角三大城市群的城市土地利用效率总体上均呈现下降的趋势,下降比例分别为6.06%、2.86%、24.34%,特别是珠三角城市群下降幅度最大,为长三角和京津冀的4倍和8.5倍,证实珠三角城市群城市土地利用效率下降的迅速性。2京津冀城市群城市土地利用效率整体偏高,冗余量相对较少,降速明显低于长三角和珠三角两大城市群的城市土地利用效率。长三角、珠三角城市群的土地利用效率处于持续降低的状态。3三大城市群城市土地利用效率的规模报酬有效性的城市比例下降幅度分别为10.53%、10%、33.34%,珠三角下降幅度最大,为长三角和京津冀的3.17倍和3.33倍;4长三角城市群土地利用效率差异较大,京津冀城市群、珠三角城市群"中心-外围"现象明显。     

1995年以来中国城市体系格局与演变——基于航空流视角

在国内外城市体系研究航空流视角的成果基础上,运用1995年以来的中国航空统计数据,基于数据描述及重力模型和模糊参数等定量方法,分析了中国城市体系格局和变迁。主要结论有: (1 )城市体系和城市群互动符合"距离衰减原则"。同时上海、北京两大全球性城市强化了在全国的枢纽机场的地位,西部地区形成了若干区域性的枢纽机场。 (2 )枢纽度最大的城市是京津冀、长三角、厦漳泉、珠三角、成渝等区域经济中心城市。辽中南、山东半岛、江汉平原的区域中心城市的枢纽度并不突出;南京、杭州、福州和重庆虽然作为各自地区的主要经济中心城市,但其枢纽度在一定程度上受到了地区首位城市或门户城市的压制。 (3 )中国主要经济中心城市相对地位变化有如下几种类型:稳定型、上升型、下降型、先升后降型和先降后升型。长三角的经济中心城市表现出强盛的区域带动势头,而珠三角、京津冀发展相对平稳,成渝在中西部具有特殊性,表现出日益强化的区域枢纽地位,辽中南、福建沿海、关中、江汉平原等地区经济中心城市的枢纽度则相对发展缓慢,甚至有所下降。     

环渤海地区城市旅游业发展效率时空特征及其演化阶段——以三大城市群为例

以环渤海地区京津冀、山东半岛和辽东半岛三大城市群地级以上城市为单元,采用数据包络分析和全要素生产率指数模型测算和分析三大城市群城市旅游业发展效率及其时空特征分解效率差异及其影响因素的演化阶段。结果表明：①2000 年以来京津冀和山东半岛城市群城市旅游业平均投入资源利用综合水平呈无效向中等转变,而辽东半岛城市群始终处于无效状态,各城市群主要直辖市、省会城市和核心城市旅游业投入资源利用综合水平呈无效向中等转变;②2000 年以来京津冀和山东半岛城市群城市旅游业综合效率受纯技术效率的影响和制约程度略强于规模效率,而辽东半岛城市群则反之;③2000 年以来环渤海地区三大城市群城市旅游业平均全要素生产率变化呈依次下降态势,且大多数城市提高幅度大但趋于下降,京津冀和山东半岛城市群主要直辖市、省会城市和核心城市全要素生产率变化提高幅度明显高于辽东半岛城市群。④环渤海地区三大城市群城市旅游业发展效率分别受旅游投资、旅游技术和旅游市场因素、旅游产品和旅游技术因素、旅游资源、旅游政策和旅游项目（产品）因素的影响,各自处于技术创新阶段、技术学习阶段和规模主导阶段。     

城市规模的空间聚散与中心城市影响力——基于中国637个城市空间自相关的实证

城市规模的空间集聚与分散和中心城市影响区域划分是城市体系中不同规模等级城市之间相互作用的两个传统研究视角。本文将二者结合起来,提出自下而上考察中心城市影响力的新视角,通过空间自相关分析,从区域和地方两个尺度综合考察了中心城市的影响力和城市规模的空间聚散特征。基于中国637个城市的实证研究表明,东部大城市的区域影响力逐渐由沿海向内陆渗透;中部大城市的区域影响力有限,但地区性影响力可以覆盖整个区域;西部大城市的影响力十分有限,大量的边缘性小城市处于自生发展的状态。对城镇密集地区的考察发现,长三角是中国最成熟的都市连绵区;京津冀、珠三角、山东半岛和辽中南都市连绵区正逐步走向成熟,但城市规模和空间组织特征差异较大;以长株潭、武汉、郑州和成渝等为中心的内陆型大都市区域也很可能较快形成,中心城市间的功能整合、空间优化和区域影响力的提升至关重要;而西部大部分地区可能并不适合发展大都市区域,而应考虑新的城市规模和空间组织形式。     

环渤海地区城市流强度动态分析

基于城市流强度的分析方法,对1997,2004年环渤海地区28个中心城市以及京津冀、辽中南、山东半岛三大亚区的外向功能量、城市流强度、城市流倾向度进行了测算、比较与分析.结果表明:多数中心城市的城市流强度相关指标都出现了不同程度的下降,仅有少数城市的部分指标出现了上升;资源型城市的城市流强度值较低,有些甚至为0;京津冀外向功能量、城市流强度、城市流倾向度等指标位居环渤海地区首位,辽中南次之,山东半岛虽位居最后,但发展潜力巨大.     

中国城市场强格局演化及空间自相关特征

将城市场强与空间自相关结合起来,研究中国661个城市辐射场强和城市间的互动关联强度。从场强看,北京、上海、广州等超大城市辐射作用增长迅速,已形成全国性的辐射圈层结构;围绕沿海特大城市及武汉、郑州、重庆、成都等中西部的区域中心城市,已具备孵化若干区域级城市群的城市化土壤;在地区尺度范围,全国大量地区性中心城市所形成的辐射场强,则培育了都市区发育的城市化土壤。从互动关联强度看,沿海地区城市间相互作用和互动关联性明显高于内陆地区,不仅促进了珠三角、长三角、环渤海等超级城市群的日趋成熟,而且推动辽中南、山东半岛等次级城市群发展壮大。然而,内陆地区大部分城市目前还处于相对孤立发展状态,城市间互动关联性较弱,城市群发育潜力尚未得到真正激发。     

Evaluation of the eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in coastal eastern China

Urban agglomerations in China have become the strategic core of national economic development and the main component of the new type of urbanization. However, they are threatened by a series of eco-environmental problems and challenges, including the severe overexploitation of natural resources. Eco-efficiency, which is defined as accomplishing the greatest possible economic benefit with the least possible resource input and damage to the environment, is used as an indicator to quantify the sustainability of urban agglomerations. In this work, a traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with a slack-based measurement (SBM) model of undesirable outputs, was used to assess and compare the economic efficiency and eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in eastern China (UAECs) in 2005, 2011, and 2014. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the evolution of urban agglomerations were analyzed. Based on the results of a slack analysis, suggestions for improving the eco-efficiency of the four UAECs are provided. The overall economic efficiency of urban agglomerations located in the Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta displayed a V-shaped pattern (decreased and then increased). In contrast, the overall economic efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration declined during the study period. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration had a considerable loss of economic efficiency due to pollution, whereas the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration was less impacted. Overall, the eco-environmental efficiency of the four UAECs declined from 2005 to 2011 and then increased from 2011 to 2014. In addition, the urban eco-efficiency in the four coastal UAECs was characterized by different evolution patterns. The eco-efficiency was higher in the peri-urban areas of the core cities, riverside areas, and seaside areas and lower in the inland cities. The core cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations were characterized by high resource consumption, economic benefit output, and eco-efficiency. In most of cities in the urban agglomerations, the emission of pollutants declined, leading to a reduction of pollutants and mitigation of environmental problems. In addition, a differential analysis, from the perspective of urban agglomeration, was performed, and concrete suggestions for improvement are proposed.

     

Spatial characteristics of development efficiency for urban tourism in eastern China: A case study of six coastal urban agglomerations

The traditional data envelopment analysis（DEA）, bootstrap-DEA and Malmquist models are employed to measure different tourism efficiencies and their spatial characteristics of 61 cities in six coastal urban agglomerations in eastern China. The following conclusions are drawn.（1） The comprehensive efficiency（CE） of urban tourism using the bootstrap-DEA model is lower than the CE level using the DEA-CRS model, which confirms the significant tendency of the DEA-CRS model to overestimate results.（2） The geometric CE averages of urban tourism in the Yangtze River Delta（YRD） and the Pearl River Delta（PRD） have changed from ineffective to effective since 2000, the averages in the Beijing-TianjinHebei（BTH） and the Shandong Peninsula（SDP） have changed from ineffective to moderately effective since 2000, and those in the Central and Southern Liaoning（CSL） and the West Bank of Taiwan Strait（WBTS） have been ineffective since 2000.（3） The CE values of urban tourism in the PRD, the YRD, the BTH and the SDP have been slightly affected by the pure technical efficiency（PTE）, whereas the CE values in the CSL and the WBTS have been slightly affected by the scale efficiency（SE） since 2000.（4） Spatially, the range of geometric averages of the total factor productivity（TFP） for the PRD, the YRD, the BTH, the SDP, the WBTS and the CSL has decreased sequentially, while the one for most cities in six urban agglomerations has exhibited a downward trend since 2000.（5） Collectively, the natural conditions, the economic policies and the tourism capital drive the SE change of urban tourism of the CSL and the WBTS. The tourism enterprises for increasing returns to scale and imitating innovative technology have an effect on the CE change of urban tourism in the BTH and the SDP. The tourism market competition drives the PTE change of urban tourism in the PRD and the YRD. Although the PTE and the SE of urban tourism in six coastal urban agglomerations suffer from uncertain events, the     

中国东部沿海地区四大城市群生态效率评价（英文）

Urban agglomerations in China have become the strategic core of national economic development and the main component of the new type of urbanization. However, they are threatened by a series of eco-environmental problems and challenges, including the severe overexploitation of natural resources. Eco-efficiency, which is defined as accomplishing the greatest possible economic benefit with the least possible resource input and damage to the environment, is used as an indicator to quantify the sustainability of urban agglomerations. In this work, a traditional data envelopment analysis(DEA) model with a slack-based measurement(SBM) model of undesirable outputs, was used to assess and compare the economic efficiency and eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in eastern China(UAECs) in 2005, 2011, and 2014. The spatio-temporal characteristics of the evolution of urban agglomerations were analyzed. Based on the results of a slack analysis, suggestions for improving the eco-efficiency of the four UAECs are provided. The overall economic efficiency of urban agglomerations located in the Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta displayed a V-shaped pattern(decreased and then increased). In contrast, the overall economic efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration declined during the study period. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration had a considerable loss of economic efficiency due to pollution, whereas the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration was less impacted. Overall, the eco-environmental efficiency of the four UAECs declined from 2005 to 2011 and then increased from 2011 to 2014. In addition, the urban eco-efficiency in the four coastal UAECs was characterized by different evolution patterns. The eco-efficiency was higher in the peri-urban areas of the core cities, riverside areas, and seaside areas and lower in the inland cities. The core cities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations were characterized by high resource consumption, economic benefit output, and eco-efficiency. In most of cities in the urban agglomerations, the emission of pollutants declined, leading to a reduction of pollutants and mitigation of environmental problems. In addition, a differential analysis, from the perspective of urban agglomeration, was performed, and concrete suggestions for improvement are proposed.     

中国沿海城市群环境规制效率时空变化及影响因素分析

基于2003~2016年中国沿海三大城市群的面板数据,采用基于非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测度城市群环境规制效率,结合变异系数、基尼系数、空间自相关和广义最小二乘法（GLS）分析城市群环境规制效率空间演变特征,识别环境规制低效运行城市,探究环境规制效率变动的驱动因素。研究表明：① 京津冀城市群注重产业结构调整,环境规制效率上升最为显著;长三角城市群注重末端治理,环境规制效率下降趋势明显;珠三角城市群注重清洁生产技术的引进,环境规制效率明显优于其他两大城市群。② 三大城市群环境规制效率内部差异明显,珠三角城市群最为突出,长三角城市群环境规制下降型城市占比高达38.64%,集中分布在安徽、江苏交界处。③ 珠三角城市群是高环境规制效率空间集聚区,空间溢出效应显著;京津冀、长三角城市群是低环境规制效率空间集聚区,空间溢出效应不显著。④ 经济发展水平、产业结构、市场环境、城镇化水平和对外开放水平是东部沿海城市群环境规制效率变动的影响因素。     

中国东部沿海地区四大城市群生态效率评价

东部沿海地区城市群是国家经济发展的战略核心区和国家新型城镇化的主体区之一,其经济—生态可持续发展问题是近年来地理研究领域的前沿主题。首先对城市群生态效率进行定义并将其作为城市群可持续发展测度指标;随后运用传统DEA模型及非期望产出SBM模型,对东部沿海地区四大城市群在2005年、2011年、2014年三个时间截面中的经济效率、生态效率进行比较评价并分析了城市群生态效率时空演变特征;最后通过松弛度分析,为改善沿海地区四大城市群生态效率提供了对应建议。结果表明：① 山东半岛城市群、长三角城市群、珠三角城市群经济综合效率呈先下降后上升的V字型演变格局,而京津冀城市群经济综合效率始终呈下降趋势,2011年前其受纯技术效率影响较大,2011年后受规模效率影响较大;② 京津冀城市群受污染影响带来的效率损失最大,山东半岛城市群相对较小,总体而言,四大城市群生态效率在2005-2011年为下行期,2011-2014为修复期;③ 沿海四大城市群内城市生态效率时空格局具有不同的演化特征,核心城市周边以及沿海沿江地区城市生态效率相对较优,内陆城市则较低;④ 京津冀城市群、长三角城市群、珠三角城市群核心城市资源消耗强度高、经济效益产出高、生态效率高,从整体来看,城市群内多数城市呈污染物排放量下降趋势,污染物治理效果较为明显,环境影响问题有所改善;⑤ 影响东部四大城市群经济生态效率的原因不同,本文从城市群角度进行了差异性分析,并提出了合理化建议。     

Spatial and economic effects of the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Channel on the transportation accessibility in China

The Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Channel (BSCC) is a mega-strategic project that connects the Shandong Peninsula and northeastern China. After half a century of research, this project has entered its preliminary planning phase. Based on the Chinese modern transportation system database, this paper applies Dijkstra's algorithm to study the impacts of the BSCC on the structure of Chinese transportation accessibility and discusses the spatial and temporal changes and the strength of economic linkages among the eight affected coastal urban agglomerations before and after the construction of the BSCC. This study concludes that: (1) the BSCC will open up a northeast–southwest traffic artery in coastal areas of China that will significantly improve the transportation accessibility of both these coastal areas and northeastern China as a whole, which cover an area of 2.18 million km², and on average will reduce the travel time of nationwide prefecture-level cities by 16 min; (2) the BSCC will significantly improve the total economic linkages (TELs) of urban agglomerations of the Central South Liaoning, the Shandong Peninsula and the Harbin–Changchun transport link and will decrease the spatial differences in the strength of cities' economic linkages, which will benefit the integration of the Bohai Economic Circle; (3) the BSCC will eliminate the segregation between the two coastal economic groups brought about by the Bohai Strait. This will promote the revitalization of the old industrial base in northeastern China by expanding the radiation scope of the Yangtze River Delta and the Shandong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait into northeastern China. Additionally, the BSCC will enhance the economic linkages between urban agglomerations in northeastern China and the western shore of the southeastern coast, Pearl River Delta, and North Gulf of Guangxi on the southeastern coast. Finally, it will create northeast–southwest economic integration in these coastal areas. This research will assist decision-making for the BSCC project and other cross-sea tunnels in China.     

中国制造业企业500强总部区位特征分析

通过对2008中国制造业企业500强相关数据分析,揭示出中国大中型企业总部的区位特征,并解释了企业总部区位特征的影响因素。研究发现,500强总部主要集中于沿海三大经济区,以及长江、黄河沿线区域,并以京津冀、长三角、珠三角和山东地区占主导地位;中国特大城市是企业总部的重要集聚地,北京、上海、天津和深圳具有较强的总部控制能力。影响企业总部区位的因素包括城市规模、市场容量、国内外投资、金融能力、科技水平、基础设施和城市区位等,其中,城市经济实力具有较强解释性,以北京、上海、深圳为核心的中国沿海发达地区,凭借此方面区位优势吸引着企业总部进一步集聚。