南极地图符号的标准化探讨及在GIS中的实现

我国南极测绘科学考察将近25年,随着考察的深入,我国现行的地形图图式已经无法满足南极地区特有的地物需要。本文是笔者在南极现场考察基础上,对南极地物的表示方法即在GIS中的实现进行的探讨。     

俄美科学家成功绘制南极冰川图

俄罗斯与美国一个环境联合工作小组近日成功绘制了南极冰川图,为今后各种南极科学考察活动提供了便利。     

无人机倾斜摄影测量技术在南极三维建模中的关键问题探讨

无人机作为一种低空遥感平台的高新技术,以其灵巧、操作方便且能搭载各种负载而被各领域科研学者所推崇,在测绘科学领域已经广泛地应用于小区域地形调查和建筑物真实三维模型的建立.随着我国南极科学考察的深入,无人机也涵盖了南极科学考察的各个领域,但是南极恶劣的自然环境和极端的气候条件,使无人机在南极大陆上使用会遇到各种问题.本文就中国第32、33和34次南极科学考察无人机倾斜摄影测量工程实践经验,对无人机倾斜摄影测量技术在南极三维建模工程实践中的关键问题进行了探讨.     

多源遥感数据在南极冰雪变化监测中的应用研究

正南极独特的地理环境和恶劣的自然条件给南极冰雪变化的系统研究带来了种种限制,直到卫星遥感技术的发展为相关研究提供了新的技术与方法。然而,在南极冰雪环境快速变化的前提下,单一的遥感传感器难以满足人类对南极的持续监测;因此,多源遥感数据在南极冰雪变化监测中的应用研究成为了南极科学研究与遥感技术研究双双发展的必然。本文使用光学遥感影像、主动微波遥感影像及被动微波遥感影像等多源遥感数据,分别在南极局部区域与     

GPS站水汽压与可降水分关系的探讨

利用GPS技术遥感大气可降水分的精度已经达到1-2mm,可以作为检验其他手段获取的可降水分的精度。文中对于南极稀少的GPS站点估计的可降水分,探讨了水汽压与可降水分的关系,得出两者满足的二次曲线拟合模型,使之适合无GPS站点的局部地区,并通过南极应用实例验证了该模型的正确性。     

无线传感器网络技术地面环境遥感应用

无线传感器网络技术是遥感技术的一部分, 是对传统遥感的拓展。首先介绍自主研发的无线传感器网络技术, 它可以实现实时数据传输与显示, 成为野外台站数据获取及预警分析的重要支撑。建议在地球观测领域大力发展无线传感器网络技术。最后介绍了无线传感器网络技术在南极环境监测、农村蔬菜生产环境监测的应用范例。     

南极航测成图方法及其精度

本文阐明了我国首次南极航摄照片进行内业成图的方法及其精度。该方法对南极所拍摄的小象幅1:4万航片测制1:5千及1:1万地形图,在适当增加控制点的条件下,其平面精度可满足规范精度要求.而高程基本满足特殊困难地区的精度要求。所制作的1:5千地形图和相应的正射象片套合精度良好。当外业控制点不够时,建议采用自检校光束法区域网平差求得加密点,在测图一次定向中可采用分区定向。     

基于微波辐射计的南极冰盖冻融时空变化分析

基于改进的小波冻融探测算法,利用SMMR和SSM/I数据对南极冰盖1978年—2010年期间的冻融状况进行监测,分析了南极冰盖近31年(1978—2010)和近10年(2000—2010)的整体和区域冻融时空变化特征,结果表明:南极冰盖冻融变化受南极地区温度变化影响比较明显,两者之间具有一定程度的正相关关系,而且南极冰盖冻融具有南极东部和南极西部两种不同的冻融变化特征,南极西部冰盖冻融变化剧烈,南极东部冰盖冻融变化相对稳定,甚至有减弱趋势。     

南极冰下地形测绘路线规划及制图研究

南极冰下地形测绘在国际上还没有全面开展,获取南极冰下地形为研究南极冰盖运动机理,了解南极冰下全貌具有重要意义。本文通过对南极Dome A核心区域冰下地形测绘实践,并对冰下地形图成图方法进行阐述,得出适合现阶段南极冰下地形测绘的最优方法——深冰雷达探测法。通过严密的规划测线,可以勘测不同比例尺和精度的冰下地形图,直观地获取冰下形态,为研究南极冰盖运动机理提供重要依据进行。     

武汉大学新建成南极馆

日前 ,武汉大学新建成南极馆 ,馆中陈列着南极石、蜘蛛蟹、南极服、北极工作仪等珍贵展品 ,生动的实物和图片记载了中国科学家在南极、北极的科学考察壮举。据中国南极测绘研究中心主任鄂栋臣教授介绍 ,该馆显示了武汉大学的科学家们 2 0多年来横跨南北两极的豪情。馆内显眼的地方有3只憨态可掬的企鹅 ,这种企鹅是南极最大的企鹅 ,高达 1m ,重达 4 0kg ,其中 2只由国家南极办捐赠。武汉大学新建成南极馆     

应用MapX组件实现Bouligand维数算法

随着地理学从定性向定量的发展,地理学研究中逐渐引入了分形理论.描述分形的特征是分形维数,但现有的地理信息系统软件不能直接用于计算分形维数,研究者需要借助地理信息系统软件进行二次开发实现相应的功能.设计了经常使用的Bouligand维数的算法并借助MapX组件实现了该算法,并通过实例论证了该算法的准确性.     

Cumulative spatial impact layers: A novel multivariate spatio‐temporal analytical summarization tool

Scientific inquiry often requires analysis of multiple spatio‐temporal datasets, ranging in type and size, using complex multi‐step processes demanding an understanding of GIS theory and software. Cumulative spatial impact layers (CSIL) is a GIS‐based tool that summarizes spatio‐temporal datasets based on overlapping features and attributes. Leveraging a recursive quadtree method, and applying multiple additive frameworks, the CSIL tool allows users to analyze raster and vector datasets by calculating data, record, or attribute density. Providing an efficient and robust method for summarizing disparate, multi‐format, multi‐source geospatial data, CSIL addresses the need for a new integration approach and resulting geospatial product. The built‐in flexibility of the CSIL tool allows users to answer a range of spatially driven questions. Example applications are provided in this article to illustrate the versatility and variety of uses for this CSIL tool and method. Use cases include addressing regulatory decision‐making needs, economic modeling, and resource management. Performance reviews for each use case are also presented, demonstrating how CSIL provides a more efficient and robust approach to assess a range of multivariate spatial data for a variety of uses.     

中国城市市售水果蔬菜农药残留水平及其空间差异研究

摄入农药残留超标的食物会对人们健康产生负面影响,因此,评估食品中的农药残留对保障食品安全具有积极作用。本文通过构建农药残留综合评价体系,利用多指标分析城市市售水果蔬菜农药残留状况及其对城市食品安全的影响,评估城市间农药残留层面的食品安全差异,结果表明:1)不同城市间市售果蔬农药残留状况差别明显,城市食品安全在农药残留层面上存在差异;2)我国城市的农药残留呈现明显的空间分布规律,而这可能与农药使用量有关。本研究为促进全国食品安全水平的提升提供了初步的数学基础和科学依据。     

加强竣工测量数据管理提高地下管线竣工测量图的利用功能

地下管线竣工测量数据做为地下管线竣工测量图编制的基本要素,如何进行科学规范化的收集管理,对于提高地下管线竣工测量图编制质量和利用功能以及普查后新建管线数动态更新工作尤为重要.     

THE MULTIPLICITY PRINCIPLE IN MODERN REMOTE SENSING METHODS AND ITS APPLICATION TO AGRICULTURAL IMAGE INTERPRETATION

The authors elaborate upon the “multiplicity principle” in remote sensing, i.e., the need for repeated imaging at a variety of scales, spatial resolutions, spectral bands, and times of imaging in order to attain the maximum information possible. They then explore the ways it can be applied in agricultural research, through two different image comparison and interpretation strategies. A detailed example is presented of the use of a multitemporal imaging strategy for the recognition of several agricultural crops from false color composite imagery. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 47-55.     

USE OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN MULTIPURPOSE MAPPING

This paper focuses on remote sensing's role in support of diverse mapping tasks, including those of interest to soil scientists (land use, soil, and botanical mapping). It analyzes new opportunities and challenges provided by remote sensing imagery with respect to map compilation and revision: the interdisciplinary yet goal-oriented character of map themes, the large stock of data to be processed systematically for coherent information yield, the numerous linkages of map elements to be represented on a series of closely interrelated maps, and the need for standardization and a unified approach to map design and symbolization. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvo-vedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 16-21.     

华北平原灌溉需水量时空分布及驱动因素

采用华北平原14个气象站点2002年-2007年的降水资料、76个站点的0-80 cm厚度的土壤参数以及ETWatch系统计算的蒸散发量数据,运用水分平衡原理计算了灌溉需水量的空间分布;利用相关及多元逐步回归分析方法,定量分析了研究区灌溉需水量的主要驱动因素.结果表明:从山前平原到滨海平原,多年平均灌溉需水量分别为28...     

Formal difference analysis and unification onp-norm distribution density functions

The cause of the formal difference ofp-norm distribution density functions is analyzed, two problems in the deduction ofp-norm formulating are improved, and it is proved that two different forms ofp-norm distribution density functions are equivalent. This work is useful for popularization and application of thep-norm theory to surveying and mapping. Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Human Province Education Department (No. 03C483).     

Satellite image analysis using crowdsourcing data for collaborative mapping: current and opportunities

ABSTRACT

Researchers are continually finding new applications of satellite images because of the growing number of high-resolution images with wide spatial coverage. However, the cost of these images is sometimes high, and their temporal resolution is relatively coarse. Crowdsourcing is an increasingly common source of data that takes advantage of local stakeholder knowledge and that provides a higher frequency of data. The complementarity of these two data sources suggests there is great potential for mutually beneficial integration. Unfortunately, there are still important gaps in crowdsourced satellite image analysis by means of crowdsourcing in areas such as land cover classification and emergency management. In this paper, we summarize recent efforts, and discuss the challenges and prospects of satellite image analysis for geospatial applications using crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing can be used to improve satellite image analysis and satellite images can be used to organize crowdsourced efforts for collaborative mapping.