渤海冰面积与营口气温的关系

通过对2000～2004年连续5年冬季渤海逐日冰面积与营口日均气温积温的相关分析,发现二者相关关系较好,同时获得了逐日冰面积与营口日均气温积温的线性回归方程,并用此方程对2005～2006年冬季渤海的冰面积进行了预报试验,试验结果证明该方程具有一定的预报能力.     

黄、渤海海冰与冬季冷暖的周期分析

本文利用渤海及黄海北部冬季气温资料进行了谐波分析,研究了海冰与冬季冷暖的长期振动。结果表明,渤海及辽东湾有7,7年和23年振动周期,黄海北部有3.8年和23年周期,青岛则有 6.3年和 12.5年的振动周期。并探讨、分析了极移振幅与冬季气温的相关关系,该分析为渤海海冰的长期预报提供了依据。     

西北太平洋副热带高压等在渤海冬季气温预报中的应用

本文首先对渤海冬季温分为冷年的暖年，而后对西北太平洋副热带高压（简称副高，下同）强度指，亚洲极涡面积指数，赤道东太平洋海温与冷，暖年的关系进行了分析，得出：当渤海冬季气温属暖年时，其前期西北太平洋副热带高压偏强，亚洲极涡面积指数偏低，赤道东太平洋海温偏高，属冷年时，情况相反。     

1999～2000年度冬季海冰数值预报总结

渤海海域油气资源丰富，周围地区经济发达，海上工程持续作业、船只交通繁忙。渤海冬季生成的海冰不可避免地对渤海及其附近地区的经济活动产生影响，给其造成经济上的损失，为了尺可能地减少渤海海冰造成的经济损失，事先作出海冰预报，事后作出海冰预报总结，提高海冰预报的准确率是必要的，本文总结了1999-2000年度冬季海冰的发展和消融过程，并参照遥感资料对数值预报的结果进行了统计分析。     

山东半岛气温变化的基本特征

一、引言山东半岛形似骆驼头楔于渤海与黄海之间,北部毗邻渤海与北黄海,南部则与南黄海相邻。地处中纬度的山东半岛,冬季受来自大陆干冷的冬季风影响,夏季则受来自海洋的暖湿的夏季风影响,具有明显的季风气候特征,但是由于其所处的地理位置,尤其深受海洋的影响,又具有自己特有的气候特征。气温是与气候热量状态有关的重要因子,与农牧业生产关系重大,因而掌握气温的变化规律尤其异常气温的分布类型和变化幅度,无论对于气候分区或长期预报都是有意义的。本文谨对山东半岛70年代的气温资料做了分析,试图揭示出山东半岛气温的平均分布及其各季变化幅度尤其气温异常的时空特征。     

2012—2013年冬季渤海海冰数值预报

介绍了2012—2013年冬季的渤海冰情,通过对海冰增长和消融过程以及各海区严重冰期冰情的综合分析,该年度冰情总体上较常年偏重。总结该年度渤海海冰数值预报情况,客观检验结果表明,数值预报保证率满足海冰业务化预报的精度指标。针对海上生产需求研发了小区域高精度海冰数值模式,对工程作业区域具有较好的预报能力,为保障冬季渤海生产安全发挥了积极作用。     

渤海冬季油气生产危险冰情报警方法

目前，渤海中的油气田冬季生产都有可能遭受不同程度的冰灾威胁，建立渤海冬季油气生产危险冰情报警系统和防冰减灾的海冰管理方法是很有必要的。本文提出一套适用于渤海不同冰区以及不同型式油气开发工程的冬季油气生产危险冰情报警方法，其中包括渤海海冰生消过程中的监测，预报系统，对不同类型开发工程危险情报警标准的考虑以及海冰管理数据库和专家系统软件。本文是在辽东湾油气田海冰管理实验和研究基础上提出的。对渤海冬季生     

2002～2003渤海海冰数值预报

海冰数值预报是海冰业务预报的主要方法之一。国家海洋环境预报中心建立了业务化的渤海海冰数值预报系统，并进行了多年的业务化运行。随着我国卫星遥感事业和数值天气预报技术的发展，海冰预报系统也在不断发展中。本文介绍了2002～2003冬季应用HY—1卫星海冰遥感和T213数值天气预报模式产品对该海冰数值预报系统的改进，对2002～2003冬季海冰数值预报的结果进行了分析和比较。     

1992／1993年冬季渤海冰情及海冰预报

本文分析、介绍了１９９２／１９９３年冬季渤海的冰情；总结了该冬季我国海冰业务数值预报工作的最新进展。     

2002～2003年冬季渤海的冰情及预报

本文简要地分析了2002～2003年冬季渤海冰情特征，将海冰数值预报模式与传统的中长期海冰统计预报有机地结合起来，有效地提高了海冰预报精度，初步形成预报时效互补、点面结合、预报产品多样化、预报传递网络化的业务化海冰预报系统，满足不同用户和社会的需求，在防冰减灾工作中提高了经济和社会效益。     

Effects of geomagnetic disturbances in the near Earth’s atmosphere and possible biophysical mechanism of their influence on the human cardiovascular system

We analyze the effect of geomagnetic activity on variations in quasi-static electric field strength and the horizontal geomagnetic field component in the band of periods of tidal and planetary waves. Variations in oscillation intensities and periods in the power spectra of these parameters synchronously with the K _p index are shown. Taking into account the relationship of these parameters with the air pressure, we suggest a possible biophysical mechanism of the relation between the state of the human cardiovascular system and geomagnetic activity by means of resonant interaction with the environment. In periods of high geomagnetic activity, the air pressure and temperature vary due to an increase in atmospheric transparency as a result of the Forbush decrease in the cosmic ray flux rate. It is these variations that directly affect humans.     

G882光泵磁力仪静态噪声水平检验与分析

G882光泵磁力仪主要用于海洋磁探作业,也常常作为地磁日变观测仪器使用。无论哪种工作需要,使用前都应对仪器稳定性测试,借此了解仪器性能和工作指标。依据相关技术规范和计算方法,结合多年野外日变实测资料,可对该型磁力仪基本性能指标的静态噪声进行计算检验与统计,同时分析环境、数据来源等外部因素对计算结果的影响程度,综合评价此项性能指标限值的合理性。     

Comparative morphological analysis of the diurnal rhythms in geomagnetic and seismic activity

To verify the hypothesis of the possible influence of geomagnetic variations on seismicity, the structures of the diurnal rhythms of seismicity in Garm research area, Tajikistan, and geomagnetic activity are investigated in detail using the regional index of geomagnetic activity at the Tashkent Astronomical Observatory. We compare (1) the average shape of the diurnal variations and its seasonal changes; (2) temporal changes in special coefficients of the amplitude variations and the diurnal variation stability. It is revealed that the dynamics of the mentioned parameters differ considerably between the geomagnetic and seismic activities. We conclude that the results obtained on the basis of the used data and processing techniques do not confirm the hypothesis of possible influence of weak geomagnetic variations on background seismicity in the Garm region, Tajikistan.     

An argo-based model for investigation of the Global Ocean (AMIGO)

We analyze the newly developed Argo-Based Model for Investigation of the Global Ocean (AMIGO), which consists of a block for variational interpolation of the profiles of drifting Argo floats to a regular grid and a block for model hydrodynamic adjustment of variationally interpolated fields. Such a method makes it possible to obtain a full set of oceanographic characteristics—temperature, salinity, density, and current velocity—using irregularly located Argo measurements. The resulting simulations are represented as monthly mean, seasonal, and annual means and climatological fields. The AMIGO oceanographic database developed at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology from model simulations covers the 10-year period from 2005 to 2014. Analysis of transport variations in the propagation of North Atlantic Current jets to the Arctic based on the AMIGO data showed that during this period, anomalous winter transports were observed, which correlate with anomalous winter temperatures in regions of northwestern Europe, northern European Russia, and Iceland, which are subjected to the influence of these currents. Comparative analysis of variations in mass and heat transport by the currents and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in the period of 2005–2014 shows a well pronounced correlation between them. The low winter values of the NAO index correspond to the low values of winter transports by the Faroe–Shetland branch of the North Atlantic current, and usually, to the high values of winter transports by the North Icelandic branch of the Irminger Current. High winter value of the NAO index results in a substantial increase in the winter transport by the Faroe–Shetland branch of the North Atlantic Current without notable influence on the transport of the North Icelandic branch of the Irminger Current.     

基于RDA与GAMs模型的东海近岸海域浮游动物与温盐关系

为进一步探讨东海近岸海域浮游动物季节演替与温盐的变化关系，根据2013年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和12月(冬季)东海近岸海域3个航次的浮游动物调查资料，利用冗余分析模型分析了优势种与温盐的变化关系，广义加性模型分析了生物多样性参数与温盐之间的关系。结果表明:(1)优势种季节演替较为明显，由春季2种演替成夏季10种，再更替为冬季5种，春季和冬季优势种的种类和生态类群相对单一，夏季较为丰富。(2)优势种时空分布是综合多层环境因子的结果，如春季中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)与表层盐度和底层盐度正相关，夏季与表层温度和底层温度负相关，冬季与表层盐度正相关；春季五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)与底层温度、底层盐度呈现较好的正相关；夏季盐度是决定暖水性和高温高盐性优势种分布的关键因子，且呈现较强的正相关；冬季真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)、强壮滨箭虫(Aidanosagitta crassa)与表层温度关系密切，并呈现较强的负相关。(3)春季和冬季香农–威纳指数多样性指数与纬度呈负相关。(4)温度和盐度对生物多样性参数影响显著，但季节上又呈现出差异。     

Interannual and seasonal variability of hydrometeorological fields in some regions of the Atlantic-European sector as a manifestation of the abnormal behaviour of the North-Atlantic Oscillation

We study the interannual and seasonal variability of hydrometeorological fields in some regions of the Atlantic-European sector. These low-frequency processes are analyzed depending on the index ΔP (an analog of the index of the North-Atlantic Oscillation). It is shown that the average value of the index ΔP over the winter natural synoptic season can be used for the determination of stable locations of the centre of the Azorean maximum in 1971–1980 and 1981–1990, the typical state of cloudiness in the Atlantic-European sector, and the fields of precipitations and atmospheric temperature in some regions of the Crimea. Typical anomalies of the fields of precipitations and atmospheric temperature over the west and south coasts of the Crimea are described. The signs of the anomalies of precipitations in the winter natural synoptic season are in good agreement with the signs of the corresponding anomalies of the field of cloudiness in the Black-Sea region. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

岱衢洋拖网甲壳动物多样性的季节变化

根据2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)与2011年冬季(2月)对岱衢洋进行的共4个航次的底拖网渔业资源调查资料,对该海域的甲壳动物多样性进行了分析。结果表明,共捕获甲壳动物21种,其中虾类13种、蟹类7种、虾蛄类1种,隶属于2目14科18属;甲壳动物的生物量与尾数密度均以秋季为最高,春季则正好相反,且该两季的生物量与尾数密度间差异均显著(P<0.05);广温广盐种在种类数量、生物量与尾数密度方面均居主导地位;Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)的最小值均出现在冬季,表明该季甲壳动物群落的丰富度、多样性与均匀性都较低,另外,D值、H′值夏、秋两季高,冬、春两季低,与较外海域的情况正好相反,这主要是其对底层水温季节变化的一种响应。     

Seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea) in the East China Sea

On the basis of the four-season investigation in 23°30′~33°N and 118°30′~128°E of the East China Sea from 1997 to 2000, the seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus was studied with aggregation intensity, regression contribution and other statistical methods. It was inferred that C. sinicus’s predominance presented from winter to summer, especially in spring and summer, because its dominance amounted to 0.62 and 0.29 respectively. The percent of its abundance in copepod abundance was 76.71% in summer, greater than 66.60% in spring, greater than 19.02% in winter, greater than 4.02% in autumn. The occurrence frequency in winter and spring was 83.08% and 93.89%, higher than that in summer and autumn, 76.71% and 73.87%. Compared with other dominant species of copepods, C. sinicus’s contribution to the copepod abundance was obviously greater than that of the other species in winter, summer and spring, but smaller in autumn. C. sinicus tended to have an aggregated distribution. The clumping index peaked in summer (50.19), followed in spring (19.60), declined in autumn (13.18) and was the lowest in winter (3.04). The abundance changed in different seasons and areas, relating to temperature but not salinity in spring and autumn, to salinity but not temperature in summer; to neither temperature nor salinity in winter. In spring and summer, its high abundance area was often located in the mixed water mass formed by the Taiwan Warm Current, the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass, the coastal water masses and the Changjiang Dilute Water. In spring and autumn, its abundance was affected by the warm current, as well as the runoff from continental rivers affected it in summer. It can be inferred that C. sinicus was adapted to wide salinity and temperature, as a euryhalinous and eurythermous species in the East China Sea.     

西太平洋暖池时空分布特征及其与ENSO的关系

应用NCEP/NCAR SST资料和SODA海温资料,分析研究了热带太平洋海温场的变化特征,讨论了气候突变前后热带西太平洋暖池(以下简称WPWP)形态的显著变化及其差异,由此重新界定了WPWP的范围,并进一步分析了WPWP的时空变化特征。结果表明,新界定的WPWP气候平均场与前人定义的气候平均场分布特征基本相同,但也存在一定的差异。新界定的WPWP的优点在于它不仅能够客观反映出气候(海洋)突变前后西太平洋暖池的时空变化特征,而且重要的是可以避免由前人定义的WPWP与东太平洋暖池合为一体的现象发生,从而避免人为地计算WPWP面积变化带来的结果差异。新界定的WPWP平均深度可达130 m左右,呈现出西浅东深的"耳状"分布特征,在冬春季节,南北(经向)窄东西(纬向)宽,呈纬向带状分布;在夏秋季节,WP-WP明显向北扩展。平均深度最大中心位于(5°S,180°)附近。由WPWP区域不同深度的异常海温变化与Niño3指数的相关分析可知,WPWP次表层异常海温变化与Niño3指数呈显著的负相关关系,而与表层的异常海温的关系并不密切,这一结果进一步证明了西太平洋暖池对ENSO的贡献是来自次表层异常海温的东传。