河北蔡家营铅、锌、银多金属矿区外围找矿探讨①

蔡家营铅锌银矿区位于华北地台北缘,为规模大、品位高的中温热液型铅锌银多金属矿床,文章通过对矿床及其外围地质特征及物化探异常研究,认为该区成矿地质条件优越,外围应具有一定的找矿潜力,并指出矿床外围应重点工作的远景区。     

广东省信宜市钱排银岩—东田金银多金属矿远景区找矿前景

银岩—东田金银多金属矿远景区土壤金元素异常明显,矿点普遍。通过对典型矿床成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征进行研究,分析成矿地质条件,认为矿床金银矿床(点)受岩性及构造控制,NW北向含金脆-韧剪切带是主要的控矿和贮矿构造,并且延深大的特点可指导其他矿点找矿。破碎带蚀变岩型金银矿找矿远景较大,是进一步找矿的重要类型。提出有望预测区。     

广东阳春盆地多金属找矿潜力浅析

[摘要]阳春盆地是粤西地区主要的铜铅锌矿等多金属矿的矿集区,已知的铜铅锌锡银金矿床类 型种类较多,结合盆地强烈的构造运动、岩浆活动、变质作用,说明阳春盆地具有寻找铜铅锌锡银金的找 矿潜力。具有进一步寻找铜矿的潜力区域主要是断裂交汇部位的阳春黄坡一带的Cu 异常区及那软地 区,以夕卡岩型为主;铅锌矿床主要产于泥盆系地层中,具有铅锌找矿潜力的重点应放在盆地边缘;盆地 及周边的银异常环状连续分布,异常强度高,据了解该区域以往未开展过银矿调查评价工作,具有较大 的找矿潜力。本文通过对研究区地层、构造、岩浆岩与成矿关系总结的基础上,探索该区成矿规律,初步 建立了找矿模型,综合前人的研究成果,在阳春盆地及周边筛选了捞虾田-山塘角铜(钼)铅锌(银)找矿 潜力区、铁屎迳铅锌(铜银)找矿潜力区、高基-荔枝山铅锌(铜银) 找矿潜力区、大坑铜找矿潜力区等四 个有较大潜力的找矿区域,为该区进一步开展地质找矿工作明确了方向。     

陕西八方山-银母寺铅锌矿床外围成矿条件及找矿方法探讨

八方山-银母寺铜铅锌成矿带位于凤太金铅锌矿集区西部的次级热水沉积盆地中，成矿条件优越，已探明八方山大型铅锌矿床、银母寺中型铅锌矿床及多个小型铅锌矿床。目前已进入寻找隐伏铜铅锌矿阶段，找矿靶区的确定和找矿方法的选择显得尤为重要。通过对带内典型矿床的控矿条件进行分析，矿床明显受一定的层位、热水沉积岩相和次级紧闭（倒转）背斜等因素综合控制。在已知矿床延伸地段及与其控矿背斜平行的次级背斜构造部位，优选甘沟铅锌铜矿点、尖端山东西部及杨家湾铜（铅锌）矿点等为主要找矿靶区，需开展物探工作、大比例尺地质测量及工程验证等综合方法进行找矿勘查。     

陕西省山柞旬地区多金属矿床异常模式预测准则及地球化学环境预测

地球化学环境预测是综合信息成矿预测的重要方法之一。本文重点介绍了山（阳）柞（水）旬（阳）地区已知多金属矿床地球化学异常模式、预测准则及地球化学环境预测方法。并在预测中采用统计方法建立了本区金、铜、铅锌银及汞锑矿产地的混合优选模型及综合评价指标，同时预测了本区金和多金属矿的找矿远景区。     

豫西南铅锌多金属矿控矿条件及找矿方向

豫西南地区是中国中部重要的多金属成矿远景区。对区内成矿地质条件和典型矿床特征进行了总结，认为①与官道口群碳酸盐岩和栾川群碎屑岩一碳酸盐岩沉积建造有关的层状铅锌银矿床、②与燕山期花岗(斑)岩有关的铅锌银(铜)矿床、③与古生界海相火山一碎屑岩建造有关的锌铜(铅、银、金)矿床是今后调查的3种主要矿床类型，并圈定出12处找矿远景较好的矿集区(矿化集中区)为重点工作地区，为下一步找矿勘查工作部署提供了依据。     

西藏当雄-嘉黎一带铜铅锌多金属矿地质特征及找矿远景

研究区大地构造位置处于冈瓦纳北缘晚古生代-中生代冈底斯-喜马拉雅构造区中段北部,雅鲁藏布江巨型铜多金属成矿带北亚带。研究区成矿地质条件有利,已发现的主要矿床类型为矽卡岩型铅锌多金属矿,其次为热液型铅银多金属矿。铜铅锌多金属矿床（点）、多金属地球化学异常均沿纳木错-嘉黎断裂带呈近东西向带状展布,该带地域优势明显,多金属矿产资源潜力巨大,通过进一步的地质找矿工作,该区有望成为西藏重要的铜铅锌银多金属成矿带。     

滇西北香格里拉东炉房铜钼矿床斑岩-热液成矿特征及找矿预测

东炉房铜钼矿床位于扬子西缘坳陷带,是滇西北香格里拉地区近年新勘查评价的中型矿床,该矿床具大型规模远景。本次通过地质详查及综合研究工作,基本查明了矿床特征,理清了成矿规律,提出了深部及外围找矿预测区。研究认为:铜钼铅锌金多金属矿化与石英闪长玢岩-石英二长斑岩复式侵入岩紧密相关,矿化蚀变具有斑岩型-矽卡岩型-中低温热液脉型成矿系统特征;矿区共圈定24条矿体,其中斑岩型钼(铜)矿体3条,矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿体14条,中低温热液脉型铅锌(金)矿体7条,具有由内到外,由高温至中低温为Mo(Cu)→Cu(Mo)、Fe→Pb、Zn、Au的斑岩成矿系统元素分带特征;结合矿区矿床地质、地球物理、土壤地球化学特征,矿区外围及深部圈定3处寻找斑岩型-矽卡岩型铜钼多金属矿找矿靶区。该矿床的评价对区内寻找同类型矿床具有重要指示意义。     

云南省个旧(西)花岗岩体外围铅锌矿成矿特征

个旧(西)花岗岩体因其东侧产有以锡铜为主的超大型锡多金属矿床而被诸多地学家所关注,以往其研究重点多以铜、锡矿为主,对个旧(西)花岗岩体外围其它铅、锌、铜、钼、金、银等多金属矿床(点)的关注甚少.随着滇南地区地质找矿、矿业开发和多金属成矿规律总结等工作的进一步加深,在个旧(西)花岗岩体外围圈出了大量有价值的异常,并发现了多处铅、锌、铜、钼等多金属矿床(点).综合矿化信息显示,岩体外围环形的多金属矿带是一个值得进行更深入研究的矿集区.本文对个旧(西)花岗岩体外围铅锌矿床(点)的成矿规律进行探讨,为该区铅锌多金属矿找矿及矿业开发工作提供线索和思路.     

金平断块及其矿产

金平断块是哀牢山成矿域东南地区最有利的成矿带，成矿与断裂带关系密切，矿带的展布亦严格受构造控制。金平断块可划分为四个元素异常集中区，集中了金、银、铜、铜镍、铜钼、铅锌、铌钽、铂钯等金属矿产和元素异常。每一区有不同的元素组合及矿产。目前，金、铜镍、铜钼等已进行开发利用，铜、铂钯、铌钽、铅锌等已获找矿信息，矿床潜力巨大，矿业开发已成为地方经济发展的支柱产业。由于成矿理论研究及矿床综合评价滞后，极大阻碍该区矿业开发一体化的发展进程，这种局面必须扭转。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.