层序地层作为沉积盆地识别标志的研究

论文以盆地充填动力学为指导，从层序界面与盆山转换、层序级别与盆地规模、层序格架与盆地类型、层序充填与盆地演化四方面，对层序与盆地的关系进行了初步研究，结果表明层序作为盆地的识别标志主要包括：1）不同成因类型和规模级别的界面作为划分相应成因级别层序的重要标志，他们反映地壳演化过程中的动力转换事件，其中超级、I级、Ⅱ级界面分别反映盆地域之间、盆地之间、盆山之间的应力转换机制，Ⅲ-Ⅳ级界面揭示了构造、海平面、气候、物源联合引起的盆地容纳空间和沉积机制的转变过程；2）作为板间、板缘、板内过程的沉积记录，层序与盆地之间存在特定的耦合关系：超级层序相当于沉积盆地域，I级层序相当于沉积盆地，Ⅱ级层序对应于盆地构造沉积幕，Ⅲ级层序对应于盆地充填幕，Ⅳ-Ⅴ级层序相当于盆地充填韵律；3）不同成因沉积盆地，层序成因格架及内部构型各异，因而根据层序特征研究，可判识盆地成因属性；4）在盆地演化的不同阶段，盆地性质、构造特征、沉积格局存在差异，所形成的层序构型、界面属性及组合特征等亦不同，因而通过层序充填序列的研究，可揭示盆地演化过程。     

右江盆地层序充填动力学初探

在盆地分析及层序地层研究成果基础上,采用层序 -盆地 -地球系统的动态成因分析方法,对右江盆地进行了初步的层序充填动力学研究。首次识别出 5个级别的层序界面及相应的沉积层序,讨论了层序界面与地质事件、层序级别与盆地类型等的关系,进而建立了右江盆地层序地层格架。通过对裂谷盆地层序发育明显受同沉积断裂及基底沉降控制的分析,建立了层序成因与盆地构造活动的关系模型。在此基础上,探讨了层序充填动力学过程及其与盆地演化的关系。右江盆地层序充填过程包括陆内裂陷、陆缘裂谷、弧后裂谷和前陆造山四个阶段,经历了海西 -印支期由拉张到挤压的完整构造旋回。     

Sequence Stratigraphy of the Sinian

塔里木盆地震旦系—中泥盆统层序地层可划分为2个巨层序、6个超层序、17个层序。震旦纪—中泥盆世区域大地构造演化经历了古新疆克拉通板块的裂解与拼合,塔里木盆地演化则经历了震旦纪—奥陶纪克拉通边缘裂陷盆地和志留纪—中泥盆世弧后前陆盆地两个阶段。巨层序Ⅰ代表克拉通边缘裂陷盆地演化阶段的产物其中超层序ⅠA代表震旦纪裂谷盆地充填沉积;超层序ⅠB和ⅠC代表寒武纪—早奥陶世克拉通边缘坳陷盆地的沉积;超层序ⅠD代表中、晚奥陶世弧后拉张盆地充填沉积。巨层序Ⅱ代表弧后前陆盆地演化阶段的产物其中塔东地区超层序ⅡA代表志留纪挤压挠曲为主的弧后前陆盆地充填沉积;塔西南地区超层序ⅡB代表中、晚泥盆世主要以构造负荷作用为主的周缘前陆盆地充填沉积。层序地层的研究表明,构造作用在大部分Ⅲ级层序形成中起着决定性的作用,只是在寒武纪—早奥陶世盆地处在稳定的被动大陆边缘盆地和克拉通盆地演化时期,全球海平面的升降变化才对其层序的形成起着重要的作用。     

陆相前陆盆地沉积充填与层序地层模式探讨——以库车前陆盆地为例

以库车前陆盆地为例,对陆相前陆盆地的形成、沉积充填与层序地层结构、不整合面与层序界面、层序地层组成与其模式、生储盖组合与岩性地层圈闭等关键问题进行了探讨。认为前陆层序是盆缘构造运动的响应,由低位(冲积)体系域、湖侵体系域、高位体系域组成。前陆盆地层序界面表现为构造或沉积不整合面,代表了一次构造幕的发生,其层序地层样式是盆缘造山带构造楔推进作用的结果,是盆地演化的不同阶段的响应,反映了构造运动由强到弱的间歇变化。前陆层序界面代表了沉积结构的大转换,之下为构造稳定阶段的湖相泥岩或膏泥岩,之上为代表构造运动的冲积扇—扇三角洲相的巨厚磨拉石沉积充填。在构造活动期和静止期,盆地不同位置形成不同的沉积充填和地层结构特点。构造活动期以低位(冲积)体系域为主,在毗邻造山带侧以巨厚的冲积扇-扇三角洲-辫状河三角洲相等冲积沉积物为主;构造静止期以湖侵体系域为主,为广泛的河流-湖泊相沉积。沉积厚度从靠近冲断带侧向盆地内逐渐变小。陆相前陆盆地的生储盖组合配置好,储集体广泛分布于低位、湖侵和高位体系域中,以辫状河三角洲和滨湖相为主。其岩性地层圈闭主要分布在前缘斜坡带上,包括沿古隆起边缘的地层超覆不整合圈闭和地层削蚀不整合圈闭,将会成为今后油气勘探的新领域。     

塔里木盆地震旦系-中泥盆统层序地层分析

塔里木盆地震旦系-中泥盆统层序地层可划分为2个巨层序、6个超层序、17个层序。震旦纪-中泥盆世区域大地构造演化经历了古新疆克拉通板块的裂解与拼合,塔里木盆地演化则经历了震旦纪-奥陶纪克拉通边缘裂陷盆地和志留纪-中泥盆世弧后前陆盆地两个阶段。巨层序Ⅰ代表克拉通边缘裂陷盆地演化阶段的产物:其中超层序 Ⅰ A 代表震旦纪裂谷盆地充填沉积;超层序Ⅰ B 和Ⅰ C 代表寒武纪-早奥陶世克拉通边缘坳陷盆地的沉积;超层序Ⅰ D 代表中、晚奥陶世弧后拉张盆地充填沉积。巨层序Ⅱ代表弧后前陆盆地演化阶段的产物:其中塔东地区超层序Ⅱ A 代表志留纪挤压挠曲为主的弧后前陆盆地充填沉积;塔西南地区超层序Ⅱ B 代表中、晚泥盆世主要以构造负荷作用为主的周缘前陆盆地充填沉积。层序地层的研究表明,构造作用在大部分Ⅲ级层序形成中起着决定性的作用,只是在寒武纪-早奥陶世盆地处在稳定的被动大陆边缘盆地和克拉通盆地演化时期,全球海平面的升降变化才对其层序的形成起着重要的作用。     

断陷盆地多层次幕式裂陷作用与沉积充填响应——以南堡老第三纪断陷盆地为例

应用盆地充填记录、盆地构造格架、盆地沉降史及岩浆活动史等信息，论证了南堡老第三纪断陷盆地存在大尺度（裂陷期）、中尺度（裂陷幕）及小尺度（幕式盆缘正断事件）三个级别的构造作用。多级别幕式裂陷作用控制了盆地内部的沉积充填，其中一级沉积旋回、二级沉积旋回和三级沉积旋回分别对应于裂陷期、裂陷幕和幕式盆缘正断事件。构造与沉积的良好响应为进行层序地层单元划分奠定了基础，构造层序、亚构造层序及层序分别对应于裂陷期、裂陷幕和幕式盆缘正断事件控制下的沉积充填实体。     

黔南桂中地区二叠纪—中三叠世沉积充填特征及演化过程

对野外露头、钻井剖面进行了层序界面识别和层序地层分析,重新厘定了研究区二叠系—中三叠统不同相区的地层划分对比方案,将研究区二叠系—中三叠统划分出2个超层序和19个三级层序;以超层序体系域为编图单元,编制了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世层序岩相古地理图,系统揭示了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世各超层序的不同体系域的相带发育规律;分析了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世3个盆地演化阶段(被动陆缘裂谷盆地阶段、弧后裂谷盆地阶段、前陆盆地阶段)的盆地充填特征,并建立了相对海平面升降过程中的沉积充填过程及动态演化模式,提出了研究区被动陆缘裂谷盆地阶段和弧后裂谷盆地阶段的低位期为盆-隆相间期,海侵期为台-盆相间的建设期,高位期为台-盆相间格局定型期,中三叠世的受印支运动破坏了台-盆相间格局,转化为前陆盆地的浊积岩沉积。     

测老庙盆地层序地层格架与其幕式构造演化

陆相断陷盆地的形成不是一个匀速的变形过程，它常发育由不同级别的幕式构造所控制的沉积旋回，盆地的充填序列所的阶段性以及区域性间断记录了这些幕式运动的周期及相应的构造事件。以测老庙盆地为研究对象，以盆地充填的地层层序为研究基础，从盆地的构造格架及沉降史、盆地的构造作用与沉积响应等方面分析，讨论了幕式裂隙作用与盆地沉积旋回、层序地层单元之间的对应关系。     

构造活动盆地的层序地层与构造地层分析--以中国中、新生代构造活动湖盆分析为例

中国中、新生代构造相对活动的断陷或陆内前陆盆地充填序列一般可划分出5个级别具有地层对比意义的层序地层单元。层序构成和沉积体系域的发育分布受到盆地形成演化过程中各种构造作用的控制。盆地规模的沉积旋回多是盆地幕式裂陷、多幕挤压挠曲沉降、多期构造反转、断块差异沉降等构造作用的沉积响应;高频层序单元的发育则主要与湖平面和沉积物供给量的变化有关。不同构造演化阶段的层序结构和沉积体系域构成等存在显著差异,主要取决于古构造格架和同沉积构造的活动。构造坡折带是由构造活动所产生的、对沉积作用具有长期控制作用的古沉积斜坡或古地貌突变带,在断陷或前陆等盆地中普遍发育,其识别对阐明盆内沉积体系域,特别是构成重要油气藏的低位域的分布和预测具有重要意义。     

合肥盆地侏罗系高精度层序地层格架研究

以合肥盆地侏罗系高精度层序地层研究为基础,对其层序地层构成及格架特征进行了精细研究,结果表明合肥盆地在侏罗纪时期为一前陆盆地.从侏罗系充填沉积中识别出7个主要的等时界面,并据界面的性质和级别划分出1个构造层序、3个层序组和6个层序,且各层序的沉积坡折分布、层序界面和单元的形成及其时空展布、演化明显受秦岭大别冲断-逆冲带自南向北的逆冲推覆作用所形成的前陆盆地构造沉降单元控制.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with