胶东地区蚀变岩型与石英脉型金矿的空间分布关系及形成机制

胶东地区主要金矿类型可分为蚀变岩型和石英脉型2个大类。两者在空间分布上存在着以下关系：矿床具有水平分带,即沿成矿的主构造带以蚀变岩型为主,远离主构造带以石英脉型为主。矿体具有垂直分带,即上有石英脉型金矿,下有蚀变岩型金矿,走向上的分带,即矿体的一段为石英脉型金矿,另一段为蚀变岩型金矿或以复合关系产出。上述认识可用于指导金矿勘查工作。     

焦家成矿带Ⅲ号矿体群成矿特征浅析及其找矿意义

焦家成矿带自被发现以来,一直备受关注,现矿体控制深度已超-2 000 m,至今探明金资源储量已超千吨。焦家成矿带为热液型金矿床成矿带,具有明显的蚀变分带现象,通常根据其蚀变分带特征对矿体群进行划分,将下盘蚀变带最外层的黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩带中的矿体划为Ⅲ号矿体群。以往对-1 000 m以上矿体的矿体特征及成因也做了较为详细的总结和剖析,但其深部Ⅲ号矿体群的研究资料较少。该文搜集焦家成矿带中段各矿床的勘查化验资料,针对焦家成矿带浅部、中部及深部的Ⅲ号矿体群的产出状态、矿化类型进行对比研究,分析其矿床成因,根据其宏观和微观特性加上化验结果,结合区内构造等因素对其矿体成因进行浅析,对深部Ⅲ号矿体群产出状态进行推测,指出Ⅲ号矿体群的富集规律及其成矿集中期。认为深部Ⅲ号矿体群内含矿裂隙倾角集中在40°~69°、80°~90°,并且存在大量与主矿体倾向相同或相反的陡倾矿体。黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩带蚀变相对较弱,其矿化以网脉状、细脉状、脉状及团块状为主。     

招平断裂带南段山旺矿区金矿地质特征及成矿远景

招平断裂带是胶东地区最重要的金成矿带之一,通过近几年的勘查,其中段和北段陆续发现数个大型、超大型金矿床,而南段勘查活动较少,有找矿突破的矿区更是屈指可数。位于招平断裂带最南端的山旺矿区在山东省地质六队的勘查下取得新进展,探获金矿资源量规模达到中型,探矿深度达到1 342 m,矿体最大埋深接近1 000 m。矿体主要分布于断裂带下盘,呈似层状、脉状产出,矿化类型中浅部以石英脉型为主,深部渐变为蚀变岩型。该文阐述矿床地质特征,总结成矿因素,分析成矿远景,为下一步在招平断裂带南段研究和勘查提供参考。     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗查干此老金矿床地质特征及成因

查干此老金矿位于内蒙古自治区乌拉特中旗境内,为岩浆热液型金矿床。该文系统阐述了查干此老金矿区地层、构造及岩浆岩特征,详细介绍了金矿床地质特征。通过对查干此老矿床的地质特征、控矿因素及矿床成因的系统研究,认为矿区的金矿化类型以含金石英脉型为主,兼有破碎蚀变岩型。金矿体赋存于二叠纪斜长花岗岩及志留纪蚀变闪长岩中的石英脉、碎裂岩带及糜棱岩带中,其产状、形态、规模严格受NE向断裂构造带控制,未受后期构造影响。该文对查干此老金矿床的构造背景、物质来源进行了研究,确定了该矿床的成矿模式,对该区的金矿成矿预测,深部及外围找矿工作具有一定的指导意义。     

甘肃枣子沟金矿的矿化特征及矿床成因

枣子沟(又称早子沟)金矿位于西秦岭造山带西南缘与松潘-甘孜构造结的过渡部位,金矿化主要赋存于中三叠统古浪
堤组钙质、硅质板岩和闪长岩岩脉中。矿体主要受NE、NW 和近SN向断裂构造控制,其中NE向矿体为主要矿体。根据容矿岩
石不同将枣子沟金矿的矿石分为蚀变板岩型矿石、蚀变脉岩型矿石和石英-辉锑矿型矿石。主要的金属矿物包括黄铁矿、毒砂、
辉锑矿,非金属矿物主要有石英、方解石、绢云母等。与矿化有关的热液蚀变为硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化。金
主要以显微不可见金的形式赋存于硫化物中,局部可见显微自然金赋存于石英和硫化物的裂隙中。根据容矿岩石、蚀变特征、矿
物组合、元素组合、金的赋存状态等认为枣子沟金矿为卡林型金矿。对蚀变矿物的研究及已有资料的综合分析表明,以含铁矿物
蚀变为特征的硫化作用是枣子沟金矿的一种重要成矿机制。枣子沟金矿成矿时代为中-晚三叠世[(240~230)Ma],其形成于秦
岭造山带从挤压向伸展构造转变的过渡阶段。      

蓬莱荆家庄金矿床矿化地质特征

蓬莱荆家庄金矿床赋存在胶东岩群郭格庄岩组与燕山早期斑状二长花岗岩的接触带附近 ,矿体受NNW向断裂带控制 ,呈似层状。矿石中共生或伴生的有益组分有银、铜、铅、锌等。具较强的黄铁矿化、绢英岩化、硅化等矿化蚀变现象。属浅而富石英脉型多金属金矿床     

胶东阎家疃金矿床地质特征及成因研究

胶东阎家疃金矿地处胶东牟乳成矿带北段,矿体受金牛山主断裂西侧的次级断裂控制,赋存于玉林店单元岩体中。通过对矿区内矿化蚀变带和矿体特征、矿石质量等方面的总结和研究,认为区内矿石类型以含金黄铁绢英岩化花岗质蚀变岩为主,局部夹少量黄铁矿化石英脉,并划分出成矿阶段。类比邻区金矿蚀变岩形成时代,结合区域成矿地质背景,认为该区矿床成因类型主要为中低温热液蚀变型金矿床。该矿床的研究,对牟乳成矿带内蚀变岩型金矿床的找矿工作提供了指示意义。     

黔东南与黔西南浊积岩中两种不同类型金矿的比较

黔西南和黔东南是贵州的两个主要产金地区,大部分金矿都产于浊积岩中。但黔西南的金矿主要是含金蚀变岩型（或称卡林型、微细浸染型）,以不可见金为主;黔东南的金矿却是含金石英脉型,以明金为主。这两种金矿都产在造山带,赋矿围岩是浊积岩,区内岩浆侵入作用不显著,成矿受背斜与断裂控制,成矿温度不高,矿石物质成分基本一致。研究表明,产生不同类型矿化的原因主要在于：黔东南地区的容矿岩石是浅变质的硅质碎屑岩,碳酸盐矿物很少;而黔西南地区是未变质的富钙硅质碎屑岩,碳酸盐矿物多。前者形成石英脉型金矿床,后者形成蚀变岩型金矿床。     

胶西北地区“焦家式”典型金矿床深部与浅部矿体特征对比研究

以近几年来胶西北地区几个大型以上规模“焦家式”典型金矿床的深部勘查资料为基础，从矿体形态、规模及产状变化、蚀变及矿化，主要有益组分金、银含量及变化、金矿物特征等方面对矿床深部和浅部矿体特征进行了综合分析对比研究。研究结果显示，矿床深部矿体规模变大，产状变缓，大部分矿体无明显的侧伏，矿体形态由复杂到简单；矿体主要有益组分金、银含量在矿体浅部的中上部相对较高，向下逐渐变贫；深部矿体总体品位较浅部低，较均匀，变化较小；在主矿体之下远离主裂面分布在黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩带内的矿体，金品位明显高于主矿体，品位变化较大；由浅而深金银品位比值有逐渐增大趋势。     

伊朗萨尔切什梅铜-钼-金矿床研究新进展

萨尔切什梅铜-钼-金矿床位于伊朗南部,是特提斯带中最大的斑岩型矿床。矿床赋存于花岗闪长斑岩中,该岩石具有高
Sr/Y和La/Yb比值的特征,岩浆起源于加厚下地壳的部分熔融。斑岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为13~11Ma,蚀变岩K-Ar年龄为12.5
Ma。矿体分为表生矿带和原生矿带两部分,与表生矿带有关的蚀变矿物主要为绢云母和高岭土;原生矿带蚀变具有明显的环带分
布特征,从内向外依次为钾化、绢云岩化、青磐岩化。矿石品位在浅部和深部有较大差异,浅部表生矿石铜品位平均值约为
1.99%,而深部原生矿石铜品位平均值约为0.89%。成矿物质源自岩浆系统,富含金属物质的岩浆流体沉淀形成含矿脉体,造成
围岩钾化蚀变;大气降水的加入形成绢云岩化及更富放射性铅的硫化物。后期地表氧化造成铜和钼金的进一步富集。      

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.