黔北务正道地区及邻区石炭纪-二叠纪之交海平面变化对铝土矿的控制

晚石炭世至早二叠世,受全球成冰事件的影响,华南海平面变化频繁。其中,达拉期至小独山期海侵规模最大,导致碳
酸盐岩普遍发育,为研究区铝土矿的沉积提供了空间上的保障;而紫松期至隆林期,本区出现最大规模的海退,很多地区的碳酸盐
岩沉积减薄,甚至暴露,遭受风化剥蚀,在黔北地区表现尤为明显,长时间的沉积间断有利于该区红土化和铝土矿化的进行。讨论
了晚石炭世至早二叠世华南地区海平面变化规律,简要分析了这段特殊时期贵州北部及其邻近地区古地理格局的变化,结合古气
候资料,认为黔北铝土矿形成于华南地区晚石炭世至早二叠世海退规模最大的时期,即早二叠世紫松期至隆林期。      

黔北务正道地区黄龙组地质特征及其找矿指示意义

黔北务正道地区铝土矿成矿区是黔北-渝南铝土矿成矿带的重要组成部分,矿床工业类型属产于中二叠统梁山组碳质
页岩、泥灰岩之下,中下志留统韩家店组泥质岩、泥岩、粉砂岩(或零星分布的上石炭统黄龙组灰岩)不整合面之上的一水硬铝石铝
土矿矿床。在含矿岩系之下,零星残存透镜状黄龙组灰岩。黄龙组残留的多少,指示该区在石炭纪末期至早二叠世遭受风化剥蚀
时间的相对长短及各自所处位置的相对高低。研究认为:在含矿岩系底部无黄龙组分布区,推测其古沉积时期地势高,为风化剥
蚀区,无铝土矿沉积;在黄龙组残留较少的区域,反映出该区域遭受风化剥蚀的时间相对较长,古地势也较高,风化剥蚀深度较大,
其环境不利于成矿;在黄龙组残留较多的地段,指示该地段遭受风化剥蚀的时间相对较短,地势相对较低,其环境利于成矿。      

黔北务正道地区铝土矿基础地质与成矿作用研究进展

务正道地区铝土矿底板地层黄龙组类化石及铝土矿层大竹园组、梁山组的孢粉化石限定,大竹园组的时代为早二叠
世。大竹园组铝土矿的沉积环境为向北半封闭的海湾或海泛湖。铝土矿形成于低纬度热带气候条件下,气候具旱季、雨季之分,
盆地水体为弱酸性还原条件,陆地植物生态系统和盆地微生物生态系统对铝土矿的形成起了重要作用。铝土矿的主要物源为志
留系韩家店组和石炭系黄龙组双重物源。陆源区风化的铝质通过胶体作用搬运到盆地中形成铝土质岩。铝土矿层形成之后,又
经历了多期次暴露地表的风化淋滤。淋滤作用分别在渗流带和潜流带形成土状、半土状铝土矿和致密状铝土矿,盆地内部铝土岩
破碎和胶体凝聚分别形成碎屑状、豆鲕状铝土矿。风化过程中多数元素发生了不同程度的丢失,而SiO2 的流失程度明显大于
Al2O3,从而形成铝土矿矿层。因此,盆地的沉积体系和古地理控制了铝土矿矿系的分布范围和厚度,多期次的淋滤作用控制了铝
土矿的品质和矿层的厚度。      

黔北务正道地区铝土矿沉积特征及分布规律

通过对黔北务正道地区铝土矿矿石的结构特征、空间分布、古地理资料综合研究认为:不同自然类型的铝土矿指示不同
的沉积环境,致密状与半土状铝土矿的沉积过程与黏土岩类似,形成于半封闭海湾的低能环境,碎屑状与豆鲕状铝土矿形成于相
对高能的滨岸湿地环境。铝土矿的空间分布与粒级有关,碎屑状与豆鲕状铝土矿围绕半封闭海湾分布,在南部新模向斜、张家院
向斜、安厂向斜一线占较大优势。致密状铝土矿在全区广泛分布,由南向西北方向,致密状与半土状铝土矿所占比重皆增加。铝
土矿沉积后,受到淋滤作用影响,促使矿石品质变好。      

黔北务正道地区铝土矿沉积相与矿石品质的关系

在论述黔北务正道地区铝土矿成矿地质背景的基础上,根据古盐度(B)质量分数显示和古地貌特征,认为研究区北部的
道真一带是一个“十字形”的半封闭式的古海湾沉积环境,南部属陆上沉积环境。相带划分表明:以滨海相沉积环境下形成的铝土
矿矿石品质较好,以中高铝、中高铝硅比为特征;形成于滨岸湿地相的铝土矿次之,矿石品质以中铝、中铝硅比为特征;形成于坡积
相的铝土矿矿石品质欠佳,以低铝、低铝硅比为特征。由坡积相向滨岸湿地相过渡的铝土矿矿石品质逐渐变富;而滨海相中铝土
矿在其中心地带品质好,向浅海相过渡其矿石品质逐渐变贫。铝土矿矿石品质的规律变化,反映了研究区铝土矿的赋存富集严格
受沉积相的制约而呈环状、条带状分布的特点。      

湖北省晚二叠世龙潭组沉积期岩相古地理格局与成煤环境

晚二叠世龙潭组沉积期是湖北省境内一次重要的成煤时期,由于煤层的不稳定性,其煤层层数、厚度、煤质等存在明显
差异。通过岩性、煤层及古生物研究对比,查明龙潭组由下向上共出现5个煤层,煤层的形成与沉积特征明显受岩相古地理条件
所制约。在龙潭组沉积期,湖北省境内总体为“两陆夹一盆”的基本格局,形成潮坪-泻湖-障壁岛沉积体系,该沉积体系是华南
海北部沉积区的一个组成部分,由秦淮古陆、海湾泻湖及江南古陆组成,沉积区主要为泻湖相和潮坪相单元,其中沼泽亚相为煤层
的最佳沉积环境。      

云南绿春下志留统-上三叠统砂岩碎屑组分与物源分析

通过对云南省绿春地区下志留统—上三叠统地层中砂岩岩屑成分的统计分析,研究了沉积物物源的变化及其所代表的
构造意义。研究区砂岩碎屑组分源区大地构造背景的判别结果表明,下志留统—中石炭统砂岩中的沉积物物源为混合造山带砂
岩源区,而中二叠统—上三叠统砂岩中的沉积物物源为火山弧造山带源区。下志留统—上三叠统砂岩物源的属性经历了从再循
环造山带到火山弧造山带的转变。志留纪—早二叠世为被动陆缘盆地发育时期,砂岩的物源主要来自于盆地边缘的造山带;到中
二叠世,随着哀牢山洋盆向西俯冲,洋盆逐渐关闭,研究区由之前的拉张环境转变为挤压环境,盆地性质转变为弧后盆地,此时盆
地沉积物的物源应来自于研究区东侧的火山弧。      

重庆市上二叠统硫铁矿沉积环境及成矿模式

重庆市硫铁矿床主要为沉积型矿床,赋存层位主要为上二叠统龙潭组(P3l)、吴家坪组(P3w)(同时异相沉积)底部,该
层硫铁矿含量约占重庆市硫铁矿总量的92%。对重庆市域范围内上二叠统硫铁矿含矿岩系和矿体特征的分析表明,龙潭组含矿
岩系主要为高岭石化基性凝灰岩、高岭石黏土岩,吴家坪组主要为黏土质页岩,煤层中硫铁矿亦较发育。重庆市上二叠统硫铁矿
主要富集在4个区域:渝东北城口、开县、云阳、奉节等区县;东部的石柱县以东地区;合川、璧山、渝北等华蓥山地区;綦江、南川、
武隆等南部地区。分析认为中二叠世峨眉山玄武岩喷发沉降带来硫铁矿铁质物源,而二叠纪晚期海平面升高,海水携带大量硫元
素分别自东部、北部、南部侵入渝东北及东部地区、重庆北部华蓥山地区、南部綦江—南川等区县,硫铁矿在还原环境中于成岩—
后生作用阶段重结晶而成。基于重庆市上二叠统硫铁矿厚度、品位分布规律及其沉积环境的研究,分析了硫铁矿的成矿模式,提
出硫铁矿主要发育于低地残积平原、沼泽、潮坪及海湾环境,多在海侵环境中形成。      

黔北务正道地区铝土矿形成环境的古盐度识别

通过对黔北务川—正安—道真铝土矿中的B、Sr、Ba、V、Zr及其生物标志化合物的分析,对务正道地区铝土矿沉积环境
的古盐度进行了研究。结果表明,铝土矿的沉积受到海洋环境的影响,主要形成于半咸水-淡水环境中。沉积环境为半封闭海
湾,海侵使成矿区低盐度水体变为半咸水或咸水,随后陆地淡水输入等淡化作用将半咸水或咸水淡化,淡化的程度与范围取决于
淡化时间的长短,经淡化后的水体在下一轮海侵中再次被咸化,水体的古盐度随海平面升降在淡水-咸水之间循环。      

黔北务正道地区铝土矿鲕状矿石中鲕粒的微区元素地球化学特征及其成矿意义

铝土矿矿床中普遍含有不同比例的鲕状矿石,但目前对这些鲕粒的成因及其与成矿作用相互关系的了解相对有限。对
贵州务正道地区铝土矿矿床中典型鲕状矿石中鲕粒进行了微区原位主量元素电子探针分析(EPMA)和激光剥蚀等离子体质谱
(LA-ICP-MS)主量和微量元素分析,并与共存基质的元素组成进行了对比。研究表明,鲕粒的形成时间晚于基质,地表化学风化
作用本身并不能导致铝土矿的形成;鲕粒的形成发生于强氧化和高酸度的环境,其成因被解释为在海进过程中在地层中一定的深
度条件下形成了以黄铁矿为主的硫化物矿物,随后的海退作用过程导致硫化物蚀变并形成强酸环境,使得成矿元素Al相对于杂
质元素(Si、Fe)发生相对富集,且该过程具有多期次振荡重复的特点。铝土矿形成是热带湿热气候条件下周期性海进-海退循环
与长期的大陆古隆起区平坦海岸地形相互耦合的结果。      

A new species of the genus Haloschizopera Lang, 1944(Copepoda,Harpacticoida, Miraciidae,Diosaccinae) from the East China Sea

A new species belonging to the genus Haloschizopera Lang,1944(Copepoda,Harpacticoida,Miraciidae,Diosaccinae)was identified based on the samples collected from the East China Sea,near the offshore of Zhejiang Province,East China.The new species is closely related to H.pygmaea Norman Sccot T.,1905 and shares a combination of the following features:A1 eight-segmented;A2 exp-2 with one distal seta,exp-3 with three setae;P1 endopodal segments subequal,enp-1 not exceeding exp-2;exp-3 of P3 with one inner seta,of P4 with two inner setae.The new species is characterized by the presence of one inner seta on P2 exp-3 of both sexes.It can also be distinguished from its congeners by the characters of female:P5 exopod subcircular,endopodal lobe extending beyond half-length of exopod;genital doublesomite ornamented with three dorsolateral rows of spinules on anterior part.     

法律化·社会化·程序化:人民监督员制度发展前瞻

法治是合法性和合理性的有机统一。作为一项推进依法治国的措施,人民监督员制度只有通过制度的法律化获得存在的合法性,通过组织的社会化获得运行的合理性,通过机制的程序化实现法律化与社会化的现实统一,才能充分符合法治精神,具备监督资格和能力,进而发挥监督实效。     

Petrography,geochemistry and provenance of the sediments of the Early Cretaceous Yanguoxia Formation,Lanzhou-Minhe Basin,Northwest China

Lanzhou-Minhe Basin is situated on the middle Qilian orogenic belt. Yanguoxia Formation contains abundance of maroon siltstones, mudstones and red sandstones of the lake facies. These sedimentary rocks recorded the process of the tectonic uplift of Qilian Mountains during the Early Cretaceous. We discovered plentiful dinosaur footprints, worm burrows, bird footprints, worm tracks-trails, ripple marks and cross lamination in the Yanguoxia site. Integrated petrographic studies classified sandstones of Yanguoxia Formation as feldspathic litharenite. All plots in the QFL (Q or Qt, total quartz; F, feldspar; L, lithic grains) and QmFLt (Qm, monocrystalline quartz; Lt, lithic grains plus polycrystalline quartz) diagrams fall in the recycled orogen provenance field and quartzose recycled field, respectively, implying the source occurred the tectonic activity. Furthermore, geochemical study indicates that the Yanguoxia standstone was formed in an unstable continental setting due to the northwards movement of Indian Plate triggered the collision between the Qilian fold belt and the Qinling fold belt. These sediments were derived from a mixed source and then deposited in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. Most of the felsic components were derived from the granitoid rocks of the Qilian Mountains due to the rapid and intense uplift during the Early Cretaceous while the mafic components were contributed by the basic and ultrabasic rocks of the rapidly rising ophiolite in the Qilian Mountain area. Bivariant log-log plot of Qp/(F+L) (Qp, polycrystalline quartz) against Q/(F+L) shows that Yanguoxia Formation was deposited in the semi-humid and semi-arid. Moreover, the pollen also exhibits that the environmental condition during the deposition of Yanguoxia Formation was warm and wet, which affirm such environment was benefit to dinosaur survival. Geochemical study also infers that the Yanguoxia Formation was deposited under the oxidizing condition in a shallow marine environment. The minerals identified from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of shale and siltstone samples are 4.74%-33.53% clays, 23.45%-4l.70% carbonates and 33.99%-71.81% quartz, respectively, which infer that depositional conditions remained uniform during the formation of shales or siltstones of Yanguoxia Formation.     

东营凹陷博兴洼陷深洼区古近系沙河街组三段中亚段沉积特征

利用岩心、测井、录井、地震等资料,应用层序地层学与沉积学理论,建立博兴洼陷深洼区古近系沙河街组三段中亚段层序地层格架,识别沉积相类型,揭示研究区沙河街组三段中亚段湖底扇砂体的充填期次和规律.结果表明:沙河街组三段中亚段地层划分为2个三级层序,层序内部细分为6个体系域;识别湖底扇中扇、湖底扇外扇、深湖3种沉积亚相,以及辫状水道、水道间、席状浊积岩、远源浊积岩和深湖泥5种沉积微相;总结各沉积微相在岩心、测井、地震上的识别特征;在层序格架内识别各体系域沉积相平面展布规律.此研究对该区下一步油气资源的勘探开发具有指导意义.     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

Recent climate trends on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

In arid regions, mountains fulfill important ecological and economic functions for the surrounding lowlands. In the scenario of global warming, mountain ecosystems change rapidly, especially in the arid region of northwestern China. This paper provides an assessment of the changes in temperature and precipitation in the historical records of climate on the northern slopes of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend and Sen＇s tests are employed to analyze the interannual changes and innerannual variability in temperature and precipitatiofi in the regions of low to high altitude. The present study finds that the largest increases in annual temperature are observed at stations in the low altitude regions. The significant increasing trends in temperature tend to occur mainly in late winter and early spring at stations from middle to high altitude, but in summer and autumn at stations of low altitudes. The increasing trends in annual precipitation are found from the middle to high altitude areas, but decreasing trends are found in the low altitude areas. The significant increasing trends in precipitation occur mostly in winter and earlier spring at stations from the middle to high altitudes, while the increasing and decreasing trend coexists at stations of low altitude with most of the significant trend changes occurring in March, June and August.     

An Overview of the Geoenvironmental Status of the Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

The north-south trending Kullu valley between Rohtang in the north and Hansu in the south is a wide and open valley filled with Quaternary sediments along the main course of the Beas River. The valley in the middle is drained by the Beas River and numerous tributaries join it laterally. The tributary channels have deposited large alluvial fans at their mouths which form three distinct levels. The Beas River has deposited alluvial terraces, which are very distinct towards the lower reaches and form three to four levels. The upper slopes and high altitudinal areas are covered with periglacial and glacial deposits. The terrace, fan and hill slopes have provided an ideal geoenvironment for human activities including agriculture, horticulture, dense settlements and other civil establishments. The Kullu Valley is prone to various natural hazards, flash floods and cloudbursts that are very common in this valley due to its peculiar geomorphic condition, high relief of peripheral ridges and impact of monsoon winds. The studies carried out so far indicate that the losses caused by these phenomena both in terms of life and property are mainly due to unwise human interaction with the geoenvironment of the area. The paper gives an overview of the geoenvironmental status of the Kullu Valley and suggests the necessity of undertaking further detailed studies including resource mapping for balanced development of the area.     

加强目标观测,服务防灾减灾

以深入浅出的方式介绍了目标观测的定义、历史、确定目标观测敏感区的方法,以及实施目标观测与防灾减灾的关系;并以欧洲中期天气预报中心目标观测业务化为例,简明地概括了目标观测的实施过程;结合国内目标观测研究现状,对中国目标观测的未来提出了看法。     

Two new species of the genusDorylaimopsis Ditlevsen, 1918 (Nematoda: Adenophora,Comesomatidae) from the Bohai Sea,China

Two nematode species of the genusDorylaimopsis (Family Comesometidae) from the Bohai Sea are described.Dorylaimopsis rabalaisi n. sp. similar toD. punctata Ditlevsen, 1918 from which it can be separated by the small size, short and simple spicules without ventral apophyses or joint line.Dorylaimopsis turneri n. sp. differs from the closest speciesDorylaimopsis angelae (Inglis, 1967) by its higher values of de Man ratio ‘a’, much shorter spicules and higher ratio of gubernacular to spicules length. A key to species of the genus based on the key by Jensen (1979) is given. This project was supported by the National Science Foundation, No: 3860804     

Phylogenetic,evolutionary, and biogeographic origin of the genus Sheathia (Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The genus Sheathia consists of over 20 species primarily distributed in Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, and Africa. However, the origin and evolution of...