四种重金属对Mian状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼的毒性

本文研究了汞,铜,锌和铬四种重金属对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼胚胎发育和仔鱼存活的影响。结果表明;在试验浓度范围内,胚胎发育受阻,肥放孵化率显著低于对照组,初孵仔鱼出现不同程度的畸形,这些重金属对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼仔鱼的毒性强弱依次为Ｈｇ＾２＋〉Ｃｕ＾２＋〉Ｚｎ＾２＋〉Ｃｒ＾６＋。     

鮸状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的实验生态

本实验研究了温度、盐度、 ｐＨ对鮸状黄姑鱼胚胎发育和前期仔鱼存活的影响。结果表明,鮸状黄姑鱼受精卵孵化的温度范围为１５～３０℃,最适孵化温度为２５～３０℃;孵化盐度范围为１５～４５,最适孵化公度范围为１５～２５;ｐＨ值在５．００～８．９９范围内,受精卵孵化率没有显著的差异。鮸状黄姑鱼前期仔鱼存活的适合温度为１５～３０℃,最适温度为２５℃;适合盐度为１５～３５;适合ｐＨ值为５．９９～１０．０１。     

(鱼免)状黄姑鱼早期发育特征及对温盐度的适应性

1996年3~6月采用人工注射LRH-A和HCG诱导状黄姑鱼自然产卵受精,观察6批次胚胎发育的结构特征和1~16日龄仔鱼形态变化及温度、盐度对状黄姑鱼早期发育和存活的影响,为状黄姑鱼大规模人工繁殖和苗种培育提供科学依据。根据其外部形态和胚胎行为的出现将状黄姑鱼胚胎发育划分为17期,3日龄开口;状黄姑鱼受精卵孵化的温度范围为16.3~30℃,最适孵化温度为22~24℃;孵化盐度范围为13.7~53,最适孵化盐度范围为26.9~40.7,其中盐度为7.2时受精卵无法孵化,盐度在40.7以上的受精卵全部为浮性,盐度为26.9以下全部呈沉性;状黄姑鱼仔鱼存活的适合盐度为20.2~33.4,随着仔鱼的生长,对耐盐的适应性也逐渐增强。     

Mian状黄姑鱼的早期发育研究

本文对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼的胚胎和仔、稚鱼各发育阶段的形态特征进行了描述。Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼的爱精卵的为圆球形浮性卵,无色透明。在水温２０￣２３℃,盐度２６￣３０的条件下,经２４ｈ３５ｍｉｎ陆续孵出仔鱼。胚胎发育分为２６期。初孵仔鱼至孵化后４日龄为仔鱼前期;孵化后５￣２２日龄为仔鱼后期;孵化后２３￣３２日龄为雅鱼期;孵化后３３日龄进入幼鱼早期。仔、稚鱼培育水温１８￣２８℃,盐度２０￣３０。仔鱼２日龄稍开     

金属离子对牙鲆仔鱼的毒性影响

本文用静水生物实验法进行了Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ金属离子对海洋底栖鱼类牙鲆（Ｐａｒａｌｉｃｈｔｈｙｓｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｓ）仔鱼的成活影响研究。结果表明：Ｃｕ（２＋）、Ｃｄ（２＋）、Ｚｎ（２＋）、Ｐｂ（２＋）对牙鲆仔鱼２４ｈＬＣ（５０）分别为１．１４、１．５１、４．６８、５．８９ｍｇ／ｄｍ３．４８ｈＬＣ（５０）分别为０．１４、０．８３、０．９９、３．４７ｍｇ／ｄｍ３．７２ｈＬＣ（５０）分别为０．０６、０．３６、０．７１、０．９３ｍｇ／ｄｍ３．９６ｈＬＣ（５０）分别为０．０２、０．１４、０．４３、０．５３ｍｇ／ｄｍ３．Ｃｕ（２＋）对牙鲆仔鱼的毒性最大，Ｐｂ（２＋）的毒性最小．４种金属离子对仔鱼的毒性顺序依次为：Ｃｕ（２＋）＞Ｃｄ（２＋）＞Ｚｎ（２＋）＞Ｐｂ（２＋）．     

黄姑鱼胚胎发育及其与温度和盐度的关系

为研究温度和盐度对黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)胚胎发育的影响,作者观察了黄姑鱼受精卵的形态和胚胎发育过程。实验结果表明,温度18~28℃范围内,温度对孵化时间和初孵仔鱼有显著影响,对孵化率影响不大,24~28℃是黄姑鱼胚胎发育的适宜温度范围;盐度低于24时受精卵下沉,26~28内悬浮于水体中,盐度高于34时受精卵浮于水面;黄姑鱼胚胎发育的最适盐度范围26~32,盐度超过或低于其适宜范围时,孵化率明显下降或者幼虫畸形率明显增大。另外,根据其Q10值推算的胚胎发育的适宜水温与实验结果相似。     

4种重金属离子对海洋三角褐指藻生长影响的研究

于１９９３年４月－１９９３年５月以Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋不同浓度的海水对三角褐指藻进行生长影响的研究。实验表明，Ｃｕ＾２＋对三角褐指藻生长的毒性最大，其９６ｈＥＣ５０为０．０１７ｍｇ／Ｌ。Ｐｂ＾２＋的毒性最小，其９６ｈＥＣ５０为０．４６８ｍｇ／Ｌ。４种重金属离子的毒性顺序是Ｃｕ＾２＋＞Ｃｄ＾２＋＞Ｚｎ＾２＋＞Ｐｂ＾２＋，除Ｃｄ＾２＋外，其他３种金属离子对该单细胞藻的生长安全     

Mian状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的实验生态

本实验研究了温度、盐度、ＰＨ对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼胚胎发育和前期仔鱼存活的影响。结果表明,Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼受精卵孵化的温度范围为１５￣３０℃,最适孵化温度为２５￣３０℃;孵化盐度范围来１５￣４５,最适孵化盐度范围为１５￣２５;ＰＨ值在５．００￣８．９９范围内,受精卵孵化率没有显著的差异。Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼前期仔鱼存活的适合温度为１５￣３０℃,最适温度为２５℃;适合工为１５￣３５;适合ＰＨ值为５．９９￣１     

鮸状黄姑鱼的早期发育研究

本文对状黄姑鱼的胚胎和仔、稚鱼各发育阶段的形态特征进行了描述。绝状黄姑鱼的受精卵为圆球形浮性卵,无色透明。在水温20～23℃,盐度26～30的条件下,经24h35min陆续孵出仔鱼。胚胎发育分为26期。初孵仔鱼至孵化后4日龄为仔鱼前期;孵化后5～22日龄为仔鱼后期;孵化后23～32日龄为雅鱼期;孵化后33日龄进入幼鱼早期。仔、稚鱼培育水温18～28C,盐度20～30。仔鱼2日龄稍开口,3～4日龄为混合营养阶段,是仔鱼的主要危险期。     

四种重金属对海洋钙质角毛藻的毒性

研究了Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋４种重金属,其单一及４种混合对海洋单胞藻钙质角毛藻Ｃｈａｅｔｏｃｅｒｏｓ ｃａｌｃｕｔｒａｎｓ的毒性效应,结果表明：单一的重金属毒性强于４种重金属混合,而且不同重金属对单胞藻的毒性效应有所不同,其毒性均Ｈｇ＾２＋〉Ｃｕ＾２＋〉Ｚｎ＾２＋〉Ｃｄ＾２＋。     

5种有机磷农药对鮸状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼毒性的研究

研究了敌百虫、敌敌畏、甲胺磷、呋喃丹和乐果等５种有机磷农药对Ｍｉａｏ状黄姑鱼（Ｎｉｂｅａ ｍｉｉｃｈｔｈｉｏｄｉｄｅｓ）胚胎和前期仔鱼的毒性。结果表明,在实验设置的浓度条件下,甲胺磷对胚胎的毒性最大;乐果对胚胎的毒性最小;敌百虫和敌敌畏对仔鱼的毒性大于其他３种有机磷农药;敌百虫、敌敌畏、甲胺磷和呋喃丹对仔鱼的毒性大于对胚胎的毒性,而乐果对两者的毒性是基本相似。     

汞等六种重金属对鱼卵孵化和仔鱼成活的影响

为了解重金属对海洋鱼卵的孵化和仔鱼成活的毒性规律,对防止污染和保护水产资源提供科学依据,我们进行了六种重金属(Hg~( ),Cu~( ),Cd~( ),Zn~( ),Pb~( )和Cr~( ))对海洋鱼卵的孵化和仔鱼成活的毒性研究。 胶州湾是多种经济鱼类产卵和发育的场所,5月中旬—6月中旬,水温在15—17℃时是适宜的产卵季节,拖网常见的鱼卵约     

鮸状黄姑鱼早期发育阶段的摄食与生长特性

1997年4－5月,在集美大学水产学院海水育苗试验场,采用生态学方法对人工培育的状黄姑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的援食和生长特性进行分析。结果表明,在人工培育条件下,仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食率达97.9％,摄食量占体重的1．4％－23．4％,日摄食量占体重的36．47％－6519％;摄食具明显的昼夜节律,黄昏和早晨为摄食高峰;对较大个体的饵料生物有明显的选择性;饵料密度对摄食量有一定影响。摄食量与体重的关系式为y=0.1327x＋0．5613,全长与日龄的关系式为LT=2.5799eg.g516D,体重与日龄的回归方程为W=0．0537e‘.1786D,全长与体重的回归方程为W＝0．0042L。     

盐度对双棘黄姑鱼仔鱼活力及仔稚鱼生长的影响

分别用不同盐度梯度海水对双棘黄姑鱼仔鱼进行饲养试验。结果表明：盐度为17．0．22．0、27．0．31．0～33．0的4个试验组仔鱼的不投饵存活系数分别为5．38、7.35、6.46、6．18；各盐度组仔稚鱼的生长速度没有显著差异（P〉0．05），各组仔鱼经25d的培养，其平均全长为18．8～19．2mm；盐度22．0及27．0的海水中仔稚鱼呈较高的存活率，各盐度组的平均存活率为36、0％、48．5％、46．7％和39．2％．     

The effects of Qatar crude oil on reproductive success in the sand-prawn Callianassa kraussi under static aquarium conditions

The reproductive success of Callianassa kraussi exposed to a water-soluble fraction of Qatar crude oil was investigated on the basis of embryonic development, hatching success, larval development and survival of post-larval stages. Embryos showed a number of abnormalities, of which only one occurred in numbers that could be related to oil exposure (concentration and duration). These abnormalities were directly reflected in the reduced hatching success (as little as 25 per cent under the worst conditions). The percentage of larvae surviving the two moults to become juveniles was also considerably reduced, while the survival of juveniles at the sublethal experimental levels was found to be directly linked to their history of exposure. It is anticipated that C. kraussi populations, because of several unusual features in their breeding ecology, would suffer long-term damage should the extent of larval recruitment to adult populations be reduced as a result of chronic exposure to oil.     

Effects of heavy metals on the development and survival of abalone Haliotis midae larvae

Despite a growing abalone Haliotis midae industry in South Africa, few studies have measured the effects of heavy metals on larval survival and growth in the face of recent increases in marine pollution. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of copper on survival and zinc on development of H. midae larvae. Larvae 24 hours old were exposed to either copper (0–30 μg l^–1) or zinc (0–200 μg l^–1) for 48 h before mortality or larval development respectively were quantified. Copper significantly reduced survival, with an LC₅₀ of 5.58 μg l^–1 (5.07–6.15, 95% CI). Although the concentrations of zinc used in the study did not have a significant effect on mortality, there was a significant effect on the incidence of abnormal larvae with an EC₅₀ of 102.25 μg l^–1 (96.68–105.94, 95% CI). At concentrations above the EC₅₀, more than 50% of the larvae showed severe developmental abnormalities. Results suggest that copper poses the greatest risk to abalone larvae as the LC₅₀ was similar to the target concentration for this metal for South African coastal waters. By contrast, zinc is potentially less problematic, with the EC₅₀ for larval development being four times the target concentration for this metal.     

The effect of temperature and salinity on survival and growth of Crangon uritai (Decapoda: Crangonidae) larvae reared in the laboratory

Larvae of the decapod Crangon uritai were reared in the laboratory in a factorial experiment employing three temperatures (9, 12 and 15 °C) and three salinities (29‰, 32‰ and 35‰) from hatching to the post‐larval stage. The effects of temperature and salinity on survival, intermolt period (IP) and molt increment (MI) were investigated. Larvae from one brood were subdivided into groups of 20 and reared in glass bowls containing filtered sea‐water at a number of temperature–salinity combinations. The reared larvae were transferred daily to the clean bowls prepared with newly hatched Artemianauplii, and number of molts and mortality within each bowl were recorded. The zoeal size (carapace length) was determined from exuvia and dead larvae, and the IP was also recorded. Larvae of C. uritai completed larval development only at 15 °C temperature. The first zoeal stage completed their development at all temperature–salinity combinations and exhibited the highest survival rate. IP at each stage increased with increasing size and greatly decreased with increasing temperature, and intermolt duration (range of days) increased with larval development especially at the lower temperature. Although the MI decreased with increasing size, it was little affected by temperature. This led to a better growth rate with increasing temperature.     

杂交与三倍体诱导对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)幼虫的复合作用

基于2×2交叉实验设计,通过杂交和6-DMAP等诱导处理,构建了二倍体自交组、二倍体杂交组、三倍体诱导自交组和三倍体诱导杂交组等四个实验组家系,探讨了海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)幼虫期生长及存活的杂种优势和6-DMAP诱导处理效应的复合作用。分别计算各家系的孵化率,测定了各家系幼虫期第1、5、10天幼虫个体的壳长以及第5天和第10天各家系幼虫的存活率。利用一般线性模型(general linear model (GLM))计算表型变量的原因方差组分,评估了杂交和6-DMAP处理对扇贝幼虫生长和存活的影响。结果显示:6-DMAP处理组孵化率要显著低于非处理实验组(P0.05)。三倍体诱导自交组第5天幼虫存活率显著低于其他组(P0.05),到第10天三倍体自交组全部死亡。三倍体诱导杂交组第10天存活率低于二倍体组但不显著(P0.05)。在第1天幼虫生长中,三倍体诱导杂交组幼虫壳长显著小于其他组(P0.05),第5天幼虫生长中,三倍体诱导杂交组壳长则显著大于其他组,而三倍体诱导自交组则显著小于其他组(P0.05)。在第10天幼虫生长中,二倍体自交组显著小于二倍体杂交组和三倍体诱导杂交组组(P0.05)。上述结果显示扇贝幼虫生长期的杂种优势和三倍体诱导效应间存在一定相互作用。     

棘颊雀鲷人工繁殖与育苗的初步研究

为了解棘颊雀鲷(Premnas biaculeatus)在人工饲养条件下繁殖和仔鱼培养对光照、水温及饵料的要求,采用实验生物学的方法,在严格控制的条件下培养亲鱼、胚胎和仔鱼.结果表明,在(26±1)℃和14L:10D的光暗周期下,2 000 1x和500 1x两种光照强度对亲鱼产卵周期和卵的受精率并没有明显的影响,但是...     

盐度对中国东南沿海两种常见藤壶幼虫发育的影响

网纹藤壶Amphibalanus reticulatus和鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa是我国东南沿海两种常见的海洋污损生物种类, 在海洋生态系统中占有重要地位。探讨这两种藤壶的幼虫发育与盐度的关系有助于丰富和发展海洋生物学知识, 并为海洋污损生物防除相关工作的开展提供数据资料。研究探讨了网纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶无节幼虫在盐度为6‰、12‰、18‰、24‰、30‰(对照组)和36‰的培养条件下的发育状况, 观察记录5天后幼虫的存活率和各期幼虫所占百分比, 采用最小显著差数法进行差异显著性分析。结果表明, 当水体盐度≤18‰时, 会严重阻滞网纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶幼虫的发育, 甚至导致死亡; 而当盐度≥24‰时, 这2种藤壶幼虫的成活率虽不会随盐度改变发生显著变化, 但盐度为30‰的水体更有利于网纹藤壶幼虫的发育, 而鳞笠藤壶幼虫发育状况受盐度变化的影响不大, 具备更强的耐受能力。