“地理教学中课内预习效益”实验

为了在以讲解为主的地理课堂中，提高45分钟的效益，我采取了“课内预习”的方法。这种预习，不是简单地让学生自己读书，而是在教师的指点下，有目的、有重点、快速地预习。在本来时间很紧的一堂课内，再划出学生预习的时间，其效果怎样?笔经对照试验和调查，感到效果是明显的。     

“三三六”教学模式课堂实录——以“农业的区位选择”为课例

扬州市邗江区红桥高级中学在长期的教学改革实践中,借鉴并创新山东杜郎口教学模式,逐渐形成了“三三六”自主学习模式。第一个“三”是指自主学习模式的三个特点,即：立体式、大容量、快节奏;第二个“三”是指该模式的三个阶段或三种课型,即预习、展示、反馈;“六”则是指六个教学流程：预习交流、分配任务、合作探究、展示提高、穿插巩固、达标检测。一般要求教师讲解时间≤10分钟,学生自主时间≥35分钟。这种教学模式实践证明效果很好。     

教材“留白”的运用策略——以高中《地理》（人教版）为例

在教学实践中发现,现行高中《地理》教材（人教版）有些内容没有详细写“实”,使教材内涵更加丰富、灵活。反思认为,通过准确把握留白的“精度”,适度扩展留白的“厚度”,合理增加留白的“热度”,并对它们进行科学解读、合理重构、巧妙表述和灵活运用,能吸引学生在主动探索的过程中自主掌握知识、发展能力、优化情意,其效果在后续的实践中得以验证。     

“水循环”模拟实验设计与应用

地理实验教学能够促进学生落实知识、发展能力,对于地理学科核心素养的培养具有重要意义。本文介绍多种“水循环”模拟实验设计,并结合自身思考与实践,对两组“水循环”模拟实验进行设计、改进和应用。     

“双减”及“五项管理”背景下初中《地理练习部分》的灵活使用

在“双减”及“五项管理”背景下,本文根据题目难易程度,将沪教版修订版《地理练习部分》的填图题、填空题、选择题、连线题等分为浅层学习内容,作为学生的课堂预习学案;将讨论题、辩论题、问答题等作为深层学习内容,以小组讨论的形式渗透到课堂教学中。《地理练习部分》中综合性强的章节可以作为教师教学质量监控的良好载体。     

基于地理核心素养的单元教学设计研究——以“人口”章节为例

在新课程、新课改背景下,将单元设计思想融入教学实践对地理核心素养的培养具有重要现实意义。在梳理单元设计内涵的基础上,本文着重探讨了单元设计理念指导下的教学设计模式,并从大单元角度对“人口”一章的知识内容进行统整设计,探讨地理单元教学设计的具体路径:一是确定单元学习主题,二是明晰单元学习目标,三是设计学习评价方式,四是创设贯穿整个单元学习的情境,五是分解课时学习内容与任务。     

尝试寓学于玩 体味学习乐趣

有人认为：地理是小学科，受中考没有列入考试科目的影响，学生不重视，特别是高一起始年级的学生更是不愿意学。笔者认为上述现象的原因不能只怪学生，更多是老师没有注意培养学生的兴趣，给学生创设一个民主的、和谐的、有趣的情境。在“陆地自然环境一土壤”一节教学时，本人事先让学生预习教材，并布置预习的题目：本节内容的理想上课场所在哪里？学生几乎都想到走进大自然的怀抱。     

有效组织学生地理预习的思考与实践

"以学定教、先学后教、以学为主"的课堂教学是促进学生自主学习、有效学习的关键。做到这一点,首先要做的就是调整课堂结构,让课前的预习、课上的预习交流成为教师了解学生认知起点,从而有效进行学习活动设计的重要环节。一、有效组织学生预习是预习活动的基础预习活动由学生利用课余时间完成,由于学生对     

"数字城市"研究初探

本文在“数字地球”的基础上对“数字城市”的基本概念进行了简单论述,总结提出了“数字城市”的研究目标和研究内容,并设计了“数字城市”总体框架模型,最后对“数字城市”的关键技术和实现策略进行了论述。     

韩国“新北方政策”对接“一带一路”倡议：机遇与挑战

韩国“新北方政策”与“一带一路”倡议的对接合作为中韩两国带来了重要发展机遇。文章主要探讨韩国“新北方政策”的内涵及其与“一带一路”倡议对接的进展、机遇与挑战,得出双方对接的合作机遇主要在政策沟通、设施联通、贸易投资和资金融通4个方面,同时也存在着制度性风险、地缘风险和投资合作风险的三大挑战。在具体对接过程中,产业、金融、物流3个领域可能成为突破口。     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.