山东荣成马草夼橄榄岩矿物地球化学研究

马草夼橄榄岩位于苏鲁超高压变质带山东荣成腾家集附近,其原岩为残余地幔方辉橄榄岩,经历了超高压变质作用和后期麻粒岩-角闪岩相变质作用.对马草夼橄榄岩及侵入于其中的辉石岩脉和角闪岩脉的主要矿物橄榄石、斜方辉石和角闪石做了单矿物微量元素和稀土元素地球化学分析,结果表明Co和Ni在橄榄石中含量最高且富集,在斜方辉石和角闪石中含量低且亏损.由于橄榄石在全岩中含量高达90%以上,因而全岩Co、Ni富集.虽然角闪石在全岩中体积含量仅占3%～8%,但斜方辉石和橄榄石的微量和稀土元素含量远远低于角闪石,故全岩的微量(Co、Ni除外)和稀土元素化学特征受控于角闪石.斜方辉石、橄榄石与角闪石的微量和稀土元素分布特征基本相同,辉石岩脉和角闪岩脉中的角闪石比地幔橄榄岩中的角闪石更富集微量和稀土元素.微量和稀土元素地球化学特征显示马草夼橄榄岩至少受到了含Co、Ni的流体,富含LREE、Ba、Sr、Ta的硅酸盐流体和少量低Th、U的碳酸盐地幔流体的多次交代,流体交代发生于超高压变质后期浅部地幔驻留期间.马草夼橄榄岩所处的氧逸度(相对于FMQ)为+1.0～+2.0,落入正常大陆地幔的范围,在折返过程中未受到壳源流体的影响,保持了地幔氧同位素特征.     

喜马拉雅东构造结高压麻粒岩PT轨迹、锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

喜马拉雅东构造结出露了一套基性高压麻粒岩,其峰期矿物组合为石榴石+单斜辉石+石英+金红石+斜长石,利用相平衡计算其峰期温压条件为904℃、1.37GPa,利用锆石U-Pb定年方法确定其变质年龄为20.7±2.3Ma。角闪斜方辉石麻粒岩为其第一阶段退变产物,其变质矿物组合为斜方辉石+角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿+磁铁矿,温压条件为压力小于0.6GPa,温度为720~760℃。角闪岩相退变矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英+钛铁矿+磁铁矿,温度小于745℃,压力小于0.6GPa。在角闪斜方辉石麻粒岩中变质锆石获得的定年结果为9.38±0.22M,根据锆石中角闪石+斜长石+石英的矿物包体特征,确定该年龄代表角闪岩相退变质年龄。据此,确定了喜马拉雅东构造结基性高压麻粒岩的PTt轨迹为顺时针2阶段折返过程,即第一阶段发生在20Ma左右的由高压麻粒岩相到角闪岩相退变阶段,第二阶段发生在9Ma左右的从角闪岩相深度折返到地表的阶段,计算得到其折返速率分别为2.4mm/y和2.3mm/y,这2个阶段的折返与目前通常认为的青藏高原2个主要抬升阶段是基本一致的。     

河北省石人沟地区麻粒岩-紫苏花岗岩套岩石的矿物学和结晶温压条件

研究区内广泛出露的太古代岩石属于迁西群麻粒岩,包括麻粒岩、紫苏花岗岩、辉石-斜长片麻岩、角闪岩等。对这些岩石中辉石、角闪石、黑云母等矿物的研究结果表明,这些矿物具有明显的麻粒岩相成因特征,角闪石、黑云母同辉石等平衡共存。紫苏花岗岩中矿物除有序度增高外,其他特征与麻粒岩、片麻岩中的矿物相似。 根据矿物对地质温压计计算得到:本区第一期变质作用p-t条件为770-870℃,7.2-8.4k bar第二期为740-760℃,6.6-8.4k bar;矿物氧同位素温度为470-570℃,代表另一次程度较低的变质作用。     

阿尔泰基性麻粒岩的发现：来自矿物学的证据

新疆北部阿尔泰造山带富蕴乌恰沟一带首次发现代表中、下地壳深变质作用的基性麻粒岩详细的野外和室内研究表明阿尔泰基性麻粒岩主要由粗粒和细粒的麻粒岩组成(SiO2含量为47．83～53．57％)。两者的矿物组合相近，为斜方辉石 单斜辉石 斜长石 角闪石 黑云母。角闪石和黑云母成分富镁，可能与岩石的成分富镁有关、基性麻粒岩的岩石地球化学成分显示其富Mg/(Mg Fe^2 )和亏损U，Th，K及Rb，而且其原岩为钙碱性玄武岩，是岛弧构造环境下形成的产物。矿物化学特征表明斜方辉石中Mg／(Mg Fe^2 )介于0．65～0．71之间，为紫苏辉石，具高MgO FeO，低Al2O3和Ca／(Ca Mg Fe)，而单斜辉石具低TiO2和Al2O3的特点，说明它们皆为变质成因。部分角闪石和褐色黑云母富钛，指示它们为高温下形成的产物。这些特征证实了上述岩石为基性麻粒岩。角闪石和黑云母氟和氯含量较低以及水速度较高，暗示其流体成分氟和氯在变质作用过程中不起主导作用。根据麻粒岩中矿物共生组合、期次和矿物温压计估算，麻粒岩形成的峰期和退变质温压条件分别为750～780℃，0．6～0．7GPa和590～620℃，0．23～0．37GPa，前者属高温中压条件，阿尔泰地区基性麻粒岩的发现为进一步研究阿尔泰地区深部下地壳的组成和结构以及深化阿尔泰地区、新疆北部甚至中亚地区大陆动力学过程和机制都具有重要意义。     

华北地块东南缘中生代侵入杂岩中所含榴辉岩类包体矿物微量元素地球化学特征及其意义

华北地块东南缘中生代侵入杂岩中所含榴辉岩类包体中矿物的分析结果表明, 组成榴辉岩类包体的各矿物之间元素的分配在榴辉岩相变质阶段已经达到了化学平衡;石榴石中Al、Fe、Mn, 单斜辉石中Na、Mg、Ca, 角闪石中Na、Mg、Fe等主量元素含量与其全岩之间均呈良好的正相关, 受全岩成分制约;石榴石明显富集HREE、贫LREE, 单斜辉石相对富集LREE、MREE、贫HREE, 两者轻、重稀土含量呈相互消长的互补关系, 石榴石和单斜辉石中分别富集Y、Sr, Ga和过渡族元素Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Co等含量较高, 其含量受全岩成分控制;金红石中稀土元素的含量很少, Fe、Al、Mg、Ca、Mn、Nb、Ta、Cr和Zr含量相对较高, Rb、Sr、Ba含量极低, 部分微量元素(如Nb、Cr、Fe、V、W等)含量与其原岩有继承和对应关系;部分原生或/和退变角闪石的REE配分模式分别与单斜辉石和石榴石相似, 过渡族金属元素等的含量与石榴石、单斜辉石和全岩具有一定的相关性, 角闪石容纳Na、K、Sr、Rb、Ba等元素的能力较强, 其成分除受全岩成分的制约外, 石榴石、单斜辉石对其形成也有影响。榴辉岩类包体与其寄主中生代侵入杂岩中部分高价态/高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)呈相互消长的关系。榴辉岩的形成与扬子地块和华北地块之间的俯冲-碰撞作用有关。     

胶北南山口古元古代高压基性麻粒岩和钙硅酸盐岩的岩石地球化学特征探讨

胶北莱西古元古代的高压基性麻粒岩和钙硅酸盐岩的基本矿物组合分别为以铁铝榴石为主的石榴石-普通辉石-铁紫苏辉石和钙铝榴石-黝帘石-葡萄石-钠长石.矿物岩石学研究表明钙硅酸盐岩是由含石榴石高压基性麻粒岩经退变质和钙质交代作用形成.南山口高压基性麻粒岩记录了麻粒岩相变质作用前、麻粒岩相变质作用、退变质和钙硅酸盐岩化共同作用以及完全钙硅酸盐岩化的四个阶段的地质作用,其矿物组合分别为Cpx+ Pl+ Qtz(M1),Grt+ Cpx+ Rt+ Qtz(M2),Cpx+Pl+ Opx+ Ilm+ Mgt+ Ep(M3)和Grs+ Zo+ Prh+ Ab+ Cal(M4).微量元素研究表明,高压基性麻粒岩中大离子亲石元素Ba、Rb、K、Rb、Th富集,而高场强元素Nb、Zr、Ti、Y亏损,具有轻稀土富集的右倾型稀土配分曲线.稀土元素和微量元素配分图解显示了岛孤拉斑玄武岩的特征.主元素、微量元素的构造判别图解进一步分析表明高压基性麻粒岩及其钙硅酸盐岩的原岩形成于大陆边缘的岛弧环境.综合高压基性麻粒岩岩石学、元素地球化学特征认为,莱西高压基性麻粒岩的原岩是拉斑玄武岩质岩石,可能是形成于孤后扩张背景下基性的侵入岩或喷出岩.岩石形成以后,在胶-辽-吉带碰撞闭合过程中,经历了麻粒岩相变质作用,又在后来的抬升过程中经历退变质和钙硅酸盐岩化作用.     

华北克拉通孔兹岩带中段大青山-乌拉山变质杂岩立甲子基性麻粒岩年代学及地球化学研究

大青山-乌拉山变质杂岩立甲子基性麻粒岩主要由角闪二辉麻粒岩、含榴角闪二辉麻粒岩和黑云角闪二辉麻粒岩所组成,并以变形岩墙和不规则透镜体形式赋存于富铝片麻岩和花岗质片麻岩之中.立甲子基性麻粒岩中变质锆石含有单斜辉石(Cpx)+角闪石(Amp)+斜长石(Pl)+磷灰石(Ap)的包体矿物,与寄主岩石——基性麻粒岩矿物组合及其化学成分十分一致,相应的207 pb/206 Pb表面年龄变化于1933±39Ma ～ 1834±40Ma,加权平均年龄为1892±7Ma(MSWD =0.50,n=46),应代表立甲子基性麻粒岩原岩经历中低压麻粒岩相的变质时代.在变质过程中,以大离子亲石元素(K、Na、Sr、Rb)为代表的活动元素发生了显著的改变;而高场强元素(Nb、Zr、Ti)和稀土元素基本无变化,保持稳定.立甲子基性麻粒岩原岩属于拉斑玄武质岩石系列,其SiO2集中变化于45.58％ ～51.40％,Mg#值集中介于41 ～54之间;在球粒陨石标准化稀土配分图中,立甲子基性麻粒岩具有平坦型的稀土配分曲线特征((La/Yb)cN=1.30～1.51),Eu异常不明显(Eu/Eu*=0.93～1.04).与显生宙岛孤拉斑玄武岩类似,立甲子基性麻粒岩所有样品皆具有Nb、Zr、Ti负异常特征.综合分析认为,立甲子基性麻粒岩原岩形成于2450～1930Ma,并于～1900Ma经历中低压麻粒岩相变质作用的改造,其主量元素和微量元素组成具有岛弧拉斑玄武质岩石的地球化学特征,其原岩可能是板块汇聚动力学背景下,岛弧构造环境中形成的辉长岩或辉绿岩.     

柴达木北缘德令哈地区基性麻粒岩的发现及其形成时代

德令哈地区的基性麻粒岩呈透镜状或脉状分布于长英质片麻岩和泥质片麻岩中.基性麻粒岩的主要矿物组成为紫苏辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石、角闪石,含有少量的铁铁矿、锆石等副矿物.单斜辉石中具有针状的斜方辉石和铁铁矿的出熔片晶,代表了高温条件下的出熔结构.采用不同方法的二辉石温度计,估算出其麻粒岩相的温度为720～925℃.基性麻粒岩的微量及稀土元素分析显示其原岩的形成环境可能为大陆边缘环境.全岩及矿物的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为1791士37Ma,代表了麻粒岩相的变质时代.基性麻粒岩及其围岩的Nd模式年龄显示出这一地区可能有太古宙的地壳物质存在.     

胶北西留古元古代~2.1Ga变辉长岩岩石学与年代学初步研究

胶北西留古元古代变辉长岩主要由二辉麻粒岩与辉石斜长角闪岩所组成,且以不规则透镜体的形式赋存于新太古代花岗质片麻岩与英云闪长质片麻岩之中.岩相学观察、矿物相转变分析、矿物化学研究、传统地质温压计计算与锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,胶北西留变辉长岩记录了十分复杂的演化历史,其中早期残留的原岩标志性岩浆结构以辉长辉绿结构为特征,早期残留的单斜辉石为高温低钙的普通辉石(M0),此阶段形成的岩浆锆石记录了其原岩形成时代为2102±3Ma.峰期麻粒岩相变质阶段(M1)的矿物组合以斜方辉石+单斜辉石+斜长石+石英为特征,记录的温压条件为T=800 ～ 850℃,P＜0.65～0.75GPa;晚期角闪石的生长表明岩石又经历了降温冷却的过程(M2),其稳定的矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英+单斜辉石,记录的温压条件为T=675～700℃,P=0.40 ～0.55GPa,变质阶段形成的变质锆石记录了其变质时代为1907±16Ma.胶北西留变辉长岩记录了含有近等压降温变质过程的顺时针P-T轨迹.结合本区其它研究资料,本文认为西留古元古代变辉长岩是胶北地区古元古代地层沉积之前一次地壳伸展作用的产物,并于古元古代晚期(1.95～1.80Ga)卷入了胶北碰撞造山作用过程.     

冀东太平寨地区麻粒岩及有关岩石的辉石研究

冀东早太古代迁西群是由火山-沉积岩系变质生成的一套变质杂岩。它的主体是麻粒岩类以及退变质生成的斜长角闪岩类的岩石。该套变质岩系的下部夹有层状和透镜状变质超镁铁质岩(变橄辉岩、变辉橄岩、变辉石岩及变闪辉岩),而上部为变质的含铁岩系。以石渣子山和娄子山为例,它们的含铁岩层分别为辉石磁铁石英岩和英榴易熔岩。 本区的麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩在岩相学上呈渐变关系。绝对不含角闪石和/或富钛黑云母的麻粒岩是很少的。本文将以角闪石和斜长石为主要组成矿物的岩石归为斜长角闪岩类。在斜长角闪岩类岩石中,角闪石含量大大超过辉石,另外常见被角闪石交代的辉石残晶。     

CCSD主孔100-1100m榴辉岩中单矿物的原位微区微量元素地球化学研究

本文通过对CCSD主孔100～1100m范围内榴辉岩中单矿物的LA-ICP-MS分析，探讨了榴辉岩中单矿物之间的微量元素分配，发现超高压变质作用中石榴石和绿辉石之间Ti和C0的分配显著受Mg控制（如DCo^Grt/Omp=3．43DMg^Grt/Omp-0．34），而REE、Sr和Y的分配则受Ca分配所控制。绿辉石中REE、Pb和Th的含量则明显受超高压副矿物磷灰石的出现与否所控制。结合岩石学特征，对角闪石和绿辉石中微量元素的研究表明角闪石主要是绿辉石退变质的产物。但退变质矿物的微量元素组成不仅受原矿物控制，而且受退变质矿物组合类型影响。绿帘石的出现会显著降低共生角闪石中LREE和Sr的含量，而多硅白云母的分解则会增加角闪石中的Rb、Ba含量。另外，退变质过程中的流体活动也会影响退变质矿物中的LREE、Sr和Pb等。结合REE在榴辉岩各主要矿物间分配系数随温度、压力的变化，我们推测部分石榴石边部MREE的富集特征可能反映榴辉岩在折返过程中经历了短时增温作用，这可能是引起苏鲁地区榴辉岩相向麻粒岩相转变叠加现象以及超高压岩石经历部分熔融作用的重要原因。此外，榴辉岩中金红石Nb和Ta组成的高度不均一性为金红石形成于超高压变质阶段富Ti磁铁矿相变作用的成因机制提供了佐证。     

Premetamorphic lateritisation in Proterozoic metabasites of Rogaland,SW Norway

Heterogeneous layers of granulite facies metamorphic basites of the Proterozoic supracrustal Faurefjell Formation in Rogaland, S.W. Norway, display an extreme chemical variation. Within a single layer the bulk chemical composition gradually changes from approximately basaltic in basic granulites to alumina-iron-rich in granofelses. Component-ratios and composition-volume relations indicate open-system chemical reactions mainly involving the extraction of silica. Apparent enrichment in Fe, Ti, P, Al, Zr, Ni, Co, Zn, Y, Nb, Hf and REE and variations in resulting metamorphic mineral assemblages are related to premetamorphic progressive lateritisation of a basaltic protolith. The weathering generated a continuous chemical suite from SiO₂=48 wt%, Fe₂O₃=10 wt% and Al₂O₃=19 wt% in the basic granulites to 14 wt%, 40 wt% and 25 wt% in the Fe-Al granofelses. Metasomatism during diagenesis and during (very) high-grade metamorphism (1200–900 Ma) further perturbed the concentrations of relatively mobile elements Ca, Mg, K, Rb, Sr, Ba, Na and Li in the laterites without affecting the transition metal ratios. In particular, the REE did not fractionate differentially during the supracrustal and metasomatic alteration.     

CCSD HP-UHP变质岩中石英脉微量元素和稀土元素地球化学

利用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定了CCSD HP-UHP变质岩中石英脉及东海水晶的微量元素和稀土元素组成,结果显示其中微量元素总体含量很低,Bb/Sr、Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf变化很大,说明Rb和Sr、Nb和Ta、Zr和Hf之间发生了不同程度的分异,但变质岩未曾发生过广泛强烈的水岩反应.部分样品中Rb和Cs含量特别低,显示CCSD中部分石英脉可能曾经历过超高压变质过程.CCSD石英脉和东海水晶均具有LREE富集而HREE明显亏损的特征,显示其来源主要为壳源.CCSD石英脉中正负Ce异常同时出现,显示板块俯冲前,超高压变质岩的原岩曾在地表较氧化的环境下经历过强烈的风化作用.对比研究显示,CCSD不同围岩中石英脉、地表石英脉和东海水晶的微量元素N-MORB标准化模式和BEE球粒陨石标准化配分曲线,与其各自围岩具有一定的对应相似关系,表明大多数石英脉(水晶)来自于围岩,同时显示板块俯冲和折返所释放的流体活动范围较小,没有发生大规模的迁移.     

Archean granulite gneisses from eastern Hebei Province,China: rare earth geochemistry and tectonic implications

The granulite gneisses and their retrograded products of the Qianxi Group from eastern Hebei Province, China, have been investigated for their isotope and trace element geochemistry. A consistent age of about 2.5 AE has been obtained by the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd whole-rock isochron methods, in agreement with the zircon U-Pb data (Pidgeon 1980; D.Y. Liu, unpubl.). Geochemical arguments from initial isotopic ratios (I_Sr and I_Nd) and elemental distribution patterns have led us to conclude that this age of about 2.5 AE represents the time of granulite facies metamorphism, which must have followed closely the primary emplacement of their protoliths. Previous claims for early Archean ages (>3.5 AE) of these granulites are not substantiated. The mineral isotope systematics register an important thermal event at about 1.7 AE, roughly corresponding to the time of the widespread Luliang Orogeny (Ma and Wu 1981) or Chungtiao Movement (Huang 1978).The granulites of the Qianxi Group have diverse compositions ranging from ultrabasic through basic-intermediate to acid. Discriminant function calculations suggest that most analyzed samples have igneous parentage. Only a few show characteristics of metasedimentary rocks. The igneous protoliths apparently belong to two series — tholeiitic and calc-alkaline, with the latter dominating in abundance. The majority of the acid granulites have compositions corresponding to tonalite-granodiorite.Except for ultrabasic and metasedimentary rocks, all REE patterns are significantly fractionated with LREE enrichment. The degree of fractionation, as measured by the (La/Yb)_N ratios, is most important in the acid granulites. These rocks often show positive Eu anomalies and HREE depletions that are typical of Archean TTG rocks (tonalitetrondhjemite-granodiorite).The existence of komatiites has been previously reported in this region. Although a few rocks have a major element chemistry similar to that for peridotitic komatiites, the lack of associated members in a komatiitic series and the scarcity of REE data have not confirmed the true komatiite occurrence in this region.Many Qianxi granulites are highly depleted in Rb relative to K and Sr. This preferential Rb depletion during granulite facies metamorphism has led to very high K/Rb and very low Rb/Sr ratios. The most comparable case is found in Lewisian granulites.Although the fractionated REE patterns of the basic granulites somewhat resemble those of continental flood basalts, the highly different abundances in other incompatible elements (Ti, Zr, and Ba) readily distinguish them from each other. Nevertheless, the LREE enriched patterns of the basic granulites may suggest an origin of their protoliths by partial melting of LREE-enriched mantle sources. On the other hand, the REE patterns of acid granulites suggest that their protoliths could be derived by partial melting of quartz eclogite, amphibolite or basic granulite.The close time relationship for a series of geologic events, namely, from initial melting of mantle peridotites, through fractional crystallisation of basaltic magmas, to granulite facies metamorphism, seems to occur in many granulite terrains. This relationship, together with the juxtaposition of lithologies of different origins and the exceptionally high pressure conditions (>10 Kb) can be best explained by crustal underplating combined with intracrustal thin-skinned thrusting and stacking of crustal slices. The andesitic or island arc model for the formation of the lower continental crust is not in good agreement with the present geochemical data.     

超高压变质岩的放射性同位素体系及年代学方法

深刻理解同位素在超高压变质及退变质过程中的地球化学行为对获得超高压变质岩准确并有明确意义的年龄值是非常重要的。对 Sm-Nd,Rb-Sr 同位素体系,只有变质矿物同位素体系达到平衡才能给出精确有意义的等时线年龄。研究表明,与副变质岩互层的细粒榴辉岩的高压变质矿物之间,或者强退变质岩石的退变质矿物之间,其 Nd,Sr 同位素可以达到平衡;然而高压变质矿物与退变质矿物之间 Nd,Sr 同位素不平衡。由于全岩样品总是含有数量不等的退变质矿物,因此石榴石 全岩 Sm-Nd 法或多硅白云母 全岩 Rh-Sr 法将有可能给出无地质意义的年龄。通常低温榴辉岩的高压变质矿物之间存在Nd 同位素不平衡。超高压变质岩多硅白云母所含过剩 Ar 主要源于榴辉岩原岩中角闪石在变质分解时释放出来的放射成因 Ar。因此,不含榴辉岩的花岗片麻岩多硅白云母基本不含过剩 Ar。对变质锆石成因的准确判断是正确理解锆石 U-Ph 年龄意义的关键。本文对不同成因锆石的判别标志及年龄意义做了总结,并指出将阴极发光图形,锆石痕量元素组成及矿物包裹体鉴定相结合是进行锆石成因鉴定的有效方法。高压变质或退变质增生锆石组成单一,是理想变质定年对象。然而变质重结晶锆石域常是重结晶锆石和继承晶质锆石的混合区,因而给出混合年龄。只有完全变质重结晶锆石才能给出准确变质时代。     

江西南城震旦系周潭群变质岩地球化学特征

周潭群变质岩其主要岩石类型的ＳｉＯ_２含量为５８％～７３％,Ｋ_２Ｏ＋Ｎａ_２Ｏ大多为４％～６％。稀土配分型式均为右倾负斜率轻稀土富集型,全部样品出现负Eu异常。岩石中Ｓｎ、Ｓｂ、Ｓ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｈｇ、Ｍｏ含量低于克拉克值,而Ｌｉ、Ｒｂ、Ｃｓ等碱性元素含量偏高,特别是微量元素组合Ａｎ、Ａｇ、Ａｓ、Ｐｈ、Ｚｎ含量明显高于克拉克值。周潭群变质岩形成年龄为６７２±７２Ｍａ,相当于震旦系底部层位,变质相应属低角门岩相,其原岩体系应为一套复理石或类复理石泥砂岩建造。     

榴辉岩退变质过程中的微量元素地球化学行为：对CCSD主孔退变质榴辉岩的研究

对中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔榴辉岩退变质过程中的微量元素地球化学行为进行了研究。对退变质程度连续变化样品的不同部分的对比研究表明，流体作用下的退变质过程中大离子亲石元素（Cs、Rb、Ba、Sr、K、Th、U）和轻稀土元素表现出较大的活动性，重稀土元素和高场强元素变化相对较小。退变质后大离子亲石元素的显著增加和高场强元素、重稀土元素的轻微变化（甚至相对降低），表明与退变质作用有关的流体中的络阴离子含量很少，并不富集高场强元素和重稀土元素。退变质后总体上表现出的Si、大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素的明显变化，表明外来流体参与了榴辉岩的退变质过程，带入和带出了一些元素。结合榴辉岩中单矿物微量元素组成以及前人对D^Mineral/Fluid的研究成果，对流体-榴辉岩作用形成的退变质分带（富石英条带→角闪岩→退变质榴辉岩→新鲜榴辉岩）的微量元素组成变化进行了详细研究。结果表明在流体作用下的榴辉岩退变质过程中，大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素和高场强元素含量的变化除了受退变质流体性质的影响外，更大程度上取决于退变质过程中的矿物相（尤其是副矿物）的变化。     

Petrochronology of oxidized granulites from southern Peru

Sapphirine–quartz granulites from the Cocachacra region of the Arequipa Massif in southern Peru record early Neoproterozoic ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism. Phase equilibrium modelling and zircon petrochronology are used to quantify timing and pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of metamorphism. Modelling of three magnetite‐bearing sapphirine–quartz samples indicates peak temperatures of >950°C at ~0.7 GPa and a clockwise P–T evolution. Elevated concentrations of Al in orthopyroxene are also consistent with ultrahigh‐temperature conditions. Neoblastic zircon records ages of c. 1.0–0.9 Ga that are interpreted to record protracted ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism. Th/U ratios of zircon of up to 100 reflect U‐depleted whole‐rock compositions. Concentrations of heavy rare earth elements in zircon do not show systematic trends with U–Pb age but do correlate with variable whole‐rock compositions. Very large positive Ce anomalies in zircon from two samples probably relate to strongly oxidizing conditions during neoblastic zircon crystallization. Low concentrations of Ti‐in‐zircon (<10 ppm) are interpreted to result from reduced titania activities due to the strongly oxidized nature of the granulites and the sequestration of titanium‐rich minerals away from the reaction volume. Whole‐rock compositions and oxidation state have a strong influence on the trace element composition of metamorphic zircon, which has implications for interpreting the geological significance of ages retrieved from zircon in oxidized metamorphic rocks.     

Redistribution of trace elements during prograde metamorphism from lawsonite blueschist to eclogite facies; implications for deep subduction-zone processes

The transfer of fluid and elements from subducting crust to the overlying mantle wedge is a fundamental process affecting arc magmatism and the chemical differentiation of the Earth. While the production of fluid by breakdown of hydrous minerals is well understood, the liberation of trace elements remains generally unconstrained. In this paper, we evaluate the behaviour of trace elements during prograde metamorphism and dehydration using samples of high-pressure, low-temperature metamorphic rocks from New Caledonia. Samples examined include mafic and pelitic rock-types that range in grade from lawsonite blueschist to eclogite facies, and represent typical lithologies of subducting crust. Under lawsonite blueschist facies conditions, the low temperatures of metamorphism inhibit equilibrium partitioning between metamorphic minerals and allow for the persistence of igneous and detrital minerals. Despite this, the most important hosts for trace-elements include lawsonite, (REE, Pb, Sr), titanite (REE, Nb, Ta), allanite (LREE, U, Th), phengite (LILE) and zircon (Zr, Hf). At epidote blueschist to eclogite facies conditions, trace-element equilibrium may be attained and epidote (REE, Sr, Th, U, Pb), garnet (HREE), rutile (Nb, Ta), phengite (LILE) and zircon (Zr, Hf) are the major trace-element hosts. Chlorite, albite, amphibole and omphacite contain very low concentrations of the investigated trace elements. The comparison of mineral trace-element data and bulk-rock data at different metamorphic grades indicates that trace elements are not liberated in significant quantities by prograde metamorphism up to eclogite facies. Combining our mineral trace-element data with established phase equilibria, we show that the trace elements considered are retained by newly-formed major and accessory minerals during mineral breakdown reactions to depths of up to 150 km. In contrast, significant volumes of fluid are released by dehydration reactions. Therefore, there is a decoupling of fluid release and trace element release in subducting slabs. We suggest that the flux of trace elements from the slab is not simply linked to mineral breakdown, but results from complex fluid-rock interactions and fluid-assisted partial melting in the slab.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-003-0495-5.Editorial responsibility: J. Hoefs