全国第三届地球构造动力学学术讨论会

由中国力学学会、地球物理学会、地震学会联合举办的全国第三届地球构造动力学学术会议于1986年3月31日至4月4日在宜昌市举行.代表和列席代表共有75人,提交学术论文50余篇. 学术报告的内容主要包括地震与地壳应力场、构造动力机制、工程地质动力学和岩土力学性质的实     

作者简介

傅容珊　中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学系教授,博士生导师．１９６５年中国科学技术大学地震专业毕业．一直从事地震、重力和地球动力学研究和教学工作．现主要从事地幔动力学和大陆动力学研究．国际地球深内部研究（ＳＥＤＩ）顾问委员会委员、中国地震学会理事和安徽省地球物理学会理事．陈学忠　中国地震局分析预报中心副研究员．１９９５年中国地震局地球物理研究所博士研究生毕业,获地震学专业博士学位．主要从事地震成因、地震孕育过程、地震预测理论和方法及前兆机理的研究．中国地球物理学会和中国地震学会会员．李庆春　西安工…     

第一次地球构造动力学学术会议在兰州举行

由中国力学学会和中国地球物理学会联合召开的第一次地球构造动力学学术会议,于1981年4月21日至26日在兰州举行。来自全国各地的力学、地球物理学、地震学和地质学的科学工作者58人参加了会议。会议共收到论文和论文摘要49篇。这些论文反映了我国科学工作者近年来在全球构造运动和地球内部运动,区域构造的力学分析,以及岩石破裂和地震机制等方面的研究成果。在学术交流的基础     

纬度变化和地极运动

远在1687年,牛顿已说到地球自转轴的运动,欧拉在1790年指出:由于地球转动的主要动力矩的方向,并不和地球惯性椭球的短轴方向相重合,将使地球的自转轴发生沿着一个圆锥面的摆动.假定地球为一个刚体时,可以从地球惯性椭球的扁率（或称力学椭率,或动力学扁率）算出地球自转轴运动的周期.     

序

2021年是我国著名的力学家、地球动力学家和教育家、中国科学院院士、北京大学力学与工程科学系及地球物理学系教授王仁先生诞辰百年.王仁先生为我国的塑性力学与地球动力学的发展做出了奠基性和开拓性的贡献;是我国将力学同构造地质学和地震学相结合的先驱. 王仁1921年1月2日生于浙江省吴兴县.1943年毕业于西南联合大学航空工程系并获得工学学士学位.1948年赴美国西雅图华盛顿大学航空工程系深造,师从国际著名非线性力学专家罗森堡(R.M.Rosenberg)教授.1950年被推荐到由国际著名塑性力学教授W.Prager创办的布朗大学应用数学部深造,1953年获得应用数学专业哲学博士学位.历任布朗大学应用力学部的副研究员和美国芝加哥伊利诺伊理工学院力学系助理教授.     

中国大陆动力学研究导向和思考

大陆动力学是研究和探索地球内部物质大尺度运动和深化认识地球本体与其在整体运动中深部圈层耦合、介质与结构变异的物理－力学属性、物质与能量的交换、深层动力过程和机制的一门边缘科学.地球动力学集成了当代众多高、新学科技领域和学科交叉的研究成果,它涉及到成山、成盆、成岩、成矿、成灾和深化对地球本体的认识,它在地球科学研究中占有极为重要的地位.本文通过深入研究、综合集成与剖析讨论了该领域五个重要的基本科学问题,即：(1)地球动力学在地球科学研究中的地位和作用;(2)国际上地球动力学研究的进展和发展动向;(3)中国地球动力学的研究状况;(4)当今地球动力学研究的导向和战略思考;(5)地球动力学研究在我国的实现和开拓.     

岩石圈结构与大陆动力学

对1999年7月第22届IUGG大会以后的4年期内，中国地球物理研究在岩石圈结构和大陆动力学方面的主要进展作了简要评述．这些研究进展主要表现在以下几个方面:区域性岩石圈物性结构的研究，利用深地震测深剖面对地壳、上地幔速度结构的勘查，利用GPS观测研究大陆内部的现今运动和变形，青藏高原动力学研究，大别——苏鲁超高压变质带的地球物理勘查及动力学机理研究，沉积盆地的地球物理勘查及演化过程研究，以及板块动力学研究, 等等．      

作者简介

皇甫岗 云南省地震局研究员．1988年国家地震局地质研究所获硕士学位;现为中国科学技术大学地球与空间学院在读博士．主要从事地震学、地震地质和岩石力学等方面的研究．中国地震局科技委委员．     

作者简介

作者简介金学申河北省地震局副研究员．１９６７年北京大学地球物理系毕业；１９８１年国家地震局地质研究所研究生毕业，并获硕士学位．曾从事地震学、地磁学、地球动力学、数值模拟、地震区划、工程地震火山地震及地震活动性等方面的研究工作．现主要从事地震区划及中长...     

地球动力学的历史和近期发展

地球动力学研究地球的整体运动，地球内部运动及其与地表结构的相互作用和地表大型构造变形和破裂的力学过程。本文给出一个简要历史，从牛顿、泊松、到勒夫是处理均匀球体的，到列宾逊、竹内、迈内兹处理了层状地球，随着板块构造理论的出现。大量应用数值模拟对构造现象的分析，震源机制的研究以及非线性动力学的应用等；讨论了反演问题，对参量及驱动力的反演有较详细的说明；介绍了一些国内有关全球和区域应力场分析，构造现象分     

古气候模拟进展

古气候模拟对研究古气候变化,检验模式模拟与现代气候状况完全不同的古气候的能力,以及未来气候预测等都具有重要的科学和社会意义.国际古气候对比项目(PMIP,Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project)开展十多年来,取得了许多成果,我国科学家在古气候模拟方面也做了相当的研究.本文通过介绍古气候模拟的方法,评述PMIP试验和其研究成果以及中国科学家所做的研究工作,以使人们更多地了解古气候模拟研究工作的重要意义.     

Passive Seismology and Deep Structure in Central Italy

—In the last decade temporary teleseismic transects have become a powerful tool for investigating the crustal and upper mantle structure. In order to gain a clearer picture of the lithosphere-asthenosphere structure in peninsular Italy, between 1994 and 1996, we have deployed three teleseismic transects in northern, central, and southern Apennines, in the framework of the project GeoModAp (European Community contract EV5V-CT94–0464). Some hundreds of teleseisms were recorded at each deployment which lasted between 3 and 4 months. Although many analyses are still in progress, the availability of this high quality data allowed us to refine tomographic images of the lithosphere-asthenosphere structure with an improved resolution in the northern and central Apennines, and to study the deformation of the upper mantle looking at seismic anisotropy through shear-wave splitting analysis. Also, a study of the depth and geometry of the Moho through the receiver function technique is in progress. Tomographic results from the northernmost 1994 and the central 1995 teleseismic experiments confirm that a high-velocity anomaly (HVA) does exist in the upper 200–250 km and is confined to the northern Apenninic arc. This HVA, already interpreted as a fragment of subducted lithosphere is better defined by the new temporary data, compared to previous works, based only on data from permanent stations. No clear high-velocity anomalies are detected in the upper 250 km below the central Apennines, suggesting either a slab window due to a detachment below southern peninsular Italy, or a thinner, perhaps continental slab of Adriatic lithosphere not detectable by standard tomography. We found clear evidence of seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle, related to the main tectonic processes which affected the studied regions, either NE–SW compressional deformation of the lithosphere beneath the mountain belt, or arc-parallel asthenospheric flow (both giving NW–SE fast polarization direction), and successive extensional deformation (～E–W trending) in the back-arc basin of northern Tyrrhenian and Tuscany. Preliminary results of receiver function studies in the northern Apennines show that the Moho depth is well defined in the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic regions while its geometry underneath the mountain belt is not yet well constrained, due to the observed high complexity.     

非线性科学在地球物理学和地震学中的应用研究

本文作者承担了国家地震局科技监测司“八五”地震科技信息研究规划：国外非线性科学研究现状与发展专题，现已完成１９９４年度计划内容，取得了初步成果。基于这些成果，本文作者编写了“非线性科学在地球物理学和地震学中的应用研究专辑”，较系统地介绍了前苏联及俄罗斯有关非线性科学在地球物理学和地震学中的应用研究情况，主要内容包括：前苏联及俄罗斯非线性科学在地球物理学和地震学中的应用研究计划，研究进展及深入研究的方向。     

Making sense of Australian earthquakes: the Ambraseys legacy

Through his students, Professor Nick Ambraseys has had a strong impact on the introduction of earthquake engineering practices in Australia, including historical earthquake studies, strong motion instrumentation and analysis, foundation studies including liquefaction, and building code formulation. In Australia the process of upgrading the third and current edition of the earthquake code and hazard map has begun. There are now about 150 digital strong motion recorders installed in cities, on major structures and at Australian National Seismograph Network sites. Three volumes of an isoseismal atlas have been published totalling more than 300 maps, mainly historical earthquakes. Significant progress has been made in paleoseismological studies across the continent, adding to the complexity of the intraplate seismicity model. With time and more installed accelerographs, the peak ground acceleration recorded in Australia has increased from .25 g in 1984 to .5 g in 1988 and 1 g in 1994, all from earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5, supporting Ambraseys contention that PGA alone is not a suitable parameter for a design ground motion.     

Simulation of scenario earthquake influenced field by using GIS

IntroductionRecentearthquakes,suchasthe1985Mexicoearthquake,the1988Lancang-GengmaeanhquakesinChina,the1989LomaPrietaearthquakeandthe1994NorthridgeearthquakebothintheUnitedStates,andetc,haveshownthatthelocalsiteconditionshaddistinctinfluenceongroundmotionandearthquakedamageformanytimes.Generallyspeaking,earthquakedamageandlosseswereconcentratedinareawithdepositsofsoftsoil.Howtobet'terconsiderthesitesoileffectinearthquake-resistantdesigncodeisalwaysoneofthefocalpointsofearthquakeengineering.…     

‘real’ geomorphology revisited

Some of the reasons are given for the editorial (Richards, 1990) now discussed by Rhoads (1994) and Bassett (1994). These include the lack of interest generally displayed by geomorphologists in matters of scientific philosophy and method, and the instrumentalist view of research often presented to postgraduate students given present funding imperatives. It is suggested that in a revision of views about the validity of a hypothesis-testing, critical rationalist methodology might have considerable implications for the practice of environmental sciences, and that accordingly the debate initiated by Rhoads and Bassett is worthy of continuation.     

基于长期水文变化的苏北高邮湖生态水位及保障程度

湖泊生态水位是维持湖泊生态系统结构和功能完整性、维持生物多样性的最低水位,研究湖泊生态水位过程对湖区动、植物栖息地保护和湖泊水资源管理具有重要意义.利用高邮湖1953-2013年日水位资料进行生态水位计算分析,采用M-K法和滑动T法对1953-2013年年均水位进行突变检验,分析高邮湖1953-1992年来水文变化规律,结合年保证率法和年内展布法得到高邮湖逐月最低生态水位过程,并计算出高、低水位发生时间及历时,在此基础上对其1993-2013年生态水位保障程度进行研究.主要结论有:(1)高邮湖年均水位过程突变发生在1997年;(2)高邮湖高水位时期(7-10月)的最低生态水位为5.8 m,水位高于5.9 m的天数要达到111 d左右;低水位时期(12-次年3月)的最低生态水位为5.1 m,水位低于5.3 m的天数要达到96 d左右;其余月份最低生态水位为5.2 m;(3)高邮湖生态水位年内保障程度最低发生在7月,为60.83%,年际保障程度1994年和2001年最低,分别为49.59%和50.41%,低水位天数得不到保障.     

一幢钢筋混凝土建筑结构的强地震反应观测

介绍了美国加州强震观测计划（CSMIP）中一幢建筑结构地震反应台阵的观测方案，描述了被观测结构的有关情况，给出了该台阵于1994年美国北岭地震中获得的结构地震反应的观测资料。     

Present-Day State of Zoobenthos in the Upper Volga Reservoirs

The state of zoobenthos in the Ivankovo, Uglich, Rybinsk, and Gor'kovskoe reservoirs in 1994–2000 is evaluated based on a number of characteristics. Wide seasonal and year-to-year variations are recorded in some characteristics. Groups of stations are distinguished based on a combination of characteristics and a combined index.     

Application of the Wavelet Packet Method in Discrimination Between Nuclear Explosion and Earthquake

Although the CTBT (Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty) was passed in 1996, it is still necessary to develop new and highly efficient methods (Wu Zhongliang, Chen Yuntai, et al.,1993 ; Xu Shaoxie, et al. 1994; Richard L. Garwin, 1994) to monitor possible events. Many discrimination criteria (Xu Shaoxie, et al., 1994 ; Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1976; Richard L. Garwin, 1994) have been put forward since the 1950s. The results show that each of the existing criteria has its own limitation, but the seismological method is an important and efficient method in the discrimination between nuclear explosion and earthquake. Especially in recent years, because of the little and little equivalent as well as the increasing hiding steps used in the test, a number of more efficient seismological methods have been worked out. In this paper, a new discrimination method, the Wavelet Packet Component Ratio (WPCR) method, is put forward. This method makes full use of the difference in variation with time between the spectra of nuclear explosions and earthquakes. Its discrimination efficiency is rather high.