云南哈尼梯田景观格局指数筛选研究（英文）

本文旨在筛选出一系列适合描述哈尼梯田景观格局的指数。我们从面积与边缘、形状、核心面积、隔离度/临近度、聚集度、多样性6个方面选取了47个景观指数,基于ArcGIS平台,将土地利用图矢量数据转化成栅格数据,栅格大小由30m×30m,以5m为间隔,增加至175m×175m,共计30幅土地利用图。运用SPSS软件,通过Pearson相关分析,47个景观格局指数分为21个小组,组内指数的两两相关性都在90%以上。每组选取代表性的指数,进行主成分分析,得出前5个主成分的方差变量能够占总方差变量的93%。选取旋转后各分量中具有最大相关性的5个景观结构指数来表达主成分的5个因子分别是分散指数(Splitting index[SPLIT]),斑块面积分布方差指数(Patch area distribution[AREA_CV]),香农多样性指数(Shannon’s diversity index[SHDI]),几何最近邻距离加权平均值指数(Euclidean nearest neighbor distance distribution[ENN_AM]),总核心面积指数(Total core area[TCA])。考虑到哈尼梯田的实际景观特征并结合前人的研究成果,我们增加平均分维数(Patch fractal dimension distribution[FRAC_MN])作为第6个指数。由于景观指数具有尺度效应,我们通过景观格局指数与尺度变化关系图,计算得出红河哈尼梯田景观格局指数的尺度域为40–45m之间。通过分维分析法,识别出哈尼梯田的特征格局在40–45m之间,即研究哈尼梯田的景观格局的最适宜栅格大小为40–45m之间。通过研究,我们认为以上6个景观指数能够反映哈尼梯田的景观格局特征,同时也可以运用这6个指数来描述类似哈尼梯田的景观格局。     

山区重要农业文化遗产地中心镇交通可达性及其对社会经济的影响——以云南红河哈尼稻作梯田为例（英文）

交通作为产业发展的基础,对农业文化遗产地的经济有着重要的影响。由于地形的影响,山区中心镇相互之间的经济作用很弱,故需要一种新的方法评价它们的交通可达性。本文首先以红河哈尼稻作梯田系统为研究区,提出以研究区内中心镇到最邻近高等级城市的时间距离作为衡量各中心镇交通可达性的指标,并对哈尼梯田地区四县的各个中心镇可达性进行评价。其次,分析了各中心镇交通可达性与其经济发展水平间的关系。结果发现,哈尼梯田地区各中心镇的交通可达性水平总体较低,70%以上的中心镇到其最邻近高等级城市的距离在1h以上;四个县中,元阳县的交通条件最好,绿春最差;空间分布上,研究区内北部和中部的交通条件要好于区内西部、西南部和东部边缘地区;小农乡村经济对交通网络的依赖性低,第二产业对交通网络状况的依赖性较高。未来,为了推动哈尼梯田地区的一、二、三产业融合发展,各乡镇应根据其产业发展方向,适当改善交通状况,避免不顾生态环境影响,过度投资修建道路的行为,特别是在生态脆弱区,高等级公路应该禁止修建。     

梯田保护利用的演化逻辑及外力影响因素

以世界文化遗产的云南红河哈尼梯田为例,基于元阳县自然资源局的土地利用的空间矢量数据,利用地理信息系统技术提取2013-2018年元阳县与梯田核心景区的土地利用类型信息,分析梯田耕作时空演变的总体特征和变化趋势,选取级差地租理论解释梯田耕作的演化逻辑,并通过实地调研说明政府的外力干预效果。结果表明：1）梯田核心区的耕地比例大于整个元阳县的耕地比例,且不同于元阳县内旱地面积大于水田面积,核心区内的水田面积为旱地面积的一倍,表明核心区的水田比非核心区保护得更好;2）在没有外力干预的自然情况下非核心区与核心区水田分别呈现改旱和撂荒趋势,民族内部的文化力量难以可持续抗衡这种变迁。而政府作为市场失灵的调控机关,在遗产保护任务和政治利益激励的诉求下,干预了核心区的梯田演变过程,通过提高级差地租Ⅱ实现核心区的土地增值,集中加大对核心区的资源要素投入,从而有效延缓了梯田遗产消失或变更的进程;而非核心区由于缺乏政府有力的干预,梯田正呈现逐渐消失的趋势。     

“一带一路”地区滑坡灾害风险评估

"一带一路"倡议是中国参与全球治理的重要切入点,对"一带一路"地区滑坡灾害风险评估与区划,可为沿线国家和地区的防灾减灾提供依据。首先,选取坡度和地形起伏度两个指标,提取研究区滑坡灾害安全区域。其次,采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）确定滑坡灾害风险评估体系并计算各因子综合权重,基于滑坡灾害风险评估模型定量评估"一带一路"地区滑坡灾害危险性、损失和风险。最后,运用滑坡灾害点和近百年"一带一路"地区滑坡灾害致死人数和经济损失空间分布分别验证评估的滑坡灾害危险性和损失。结果表明：（1）滑坡灾害安全区域主要分布在平原、盆地和沙漠等地区,仅有4.7%（56个）的滑坡灾害点分布在安全区域内,提取结果较为合理。（2）"一带一路"地区容易诱发滑坡灾害的条件为坡度介于25°~45°之间,地形起伏度大于900 m,距河网的距离小于500 m,多年平均降雨量介于400~800 mm,地震密度3×10^-4~2×10^-3个·km^-2之间,工程地质岩组为中等硬质岩体、软质岩和土质岩体。非安全区域中,滑坡灾害以中、低危险性为主,危险性评估结果精度AUC值为0.823。（3）"一带一路"地区容易造成潜在损失的滑坡灾害承灾体条件为：人口密度为80~160人·km^-2,公路线密度为0.2~0.9 km·km^-2,夜间灯光指数为20~60。非安全区域中,滑坡灾害潜在损失普遍较低,损失区划结果与近百年滑坡灾害致死人数和经济损失空间分布具有很好的一致性。（4）"一带一路"非安全区域,滑坡灾害极低、低、中等、高和极高风险区面积所占比例分别为44.7%、25.5%、15.3%、10.3%、4.2%,以极低和低风险为主。     

中国西南少数民族聚居区聚落分布的空间格局特征与主控因子分析——以哈尼梯田区为例

聚落格局是乡村地理学研究的基础,也是人地地域系统的重要组成部分,更是目前地理学研究的热点之一。科学分析、揭示、刻画少数民族等脆弱地区的聚落格局,对合理、高效推进该区域新型城镇化道路建设,实现民族团结和繁荣,全面建成小康社会具有重要意义。而目前,对于少数民族、尤其是多民族共生区的聚落格局研究还不足。论文以中国西南少数民族聚居的哈尼梯田区为例,从聚落分布的空间位置特征、民族格局特征、区位环境特征及其主控因子等方面,刻画了哈尼梯田区哈尼、彝、壮、汉、苗、瑶、傣等7个民族的聚落格局特征。结果表明：① 在空间位置上,哈尼梯田区68%的聚落分布在区内西中部,主要以哈尼、彝、壮为主。② 在民族格局上,形成了以哈尼—彝混居的大格局,以壮、汉、苗、瑶、傣混居的小格局。③ 在区位环境上,7个民族在海拔、坡度、气温、降水量、与河流距离、聚落规模、耕地面积、与行政中心距离和粮食单产等区位环境特征上具有显著差异。④ 在主控因子上,壮、苗、瑶聚落分布的主控因子为经济、行政、旅游中心距离,贡献率分别为86.4%和75.3%、92.8%;彝族聚落布局的主控因子为气温(贡献率为52.0%);汉、哈尼、傣聚落布局的主控因子为降水量,贡献率分别为98.7%、52.2%、97.0%。⑤ 整体而言,哈尼梯田区聚落格局在垂直向上,形成了多民族共生的立体格局,在水平向上形成了多民族互嵌格局。研究可为少数民族地区新农村建设、聚落格局优化、精准扶贫、全面建设小康社会提供科学参考。     

粤港澳大湾区战略性产业技术创新的地理格局及其多样性特征

以粤港澳大湾区点尺度的发明专利空间数据为基础,通过建立战略性产业与专利IPC分类号之间的联系,提取了大湾区6类主要行业的发明专利,利用核密度分析、标准差尾值检验、熵值法和平均最邻近距离分析等方法,识别粤港澳大湾区多类型技术创新的空间分布特征与差异。结果表明：粤港澳大湾区技术创新的地理格局呈现显著的空间不均衡性,区域尺度形成了广州与深圳2个集聚核心,珠江东西两岸在创新能力上存在较大差距,技术多样性的区位主要分布在大湾区核心城市的核心区;新一代电子信息、先进材料、绿色石化3类产业的创新占大湾区整体的51.67%,不同技术类型的创新在空间上呈现显著分异,主要集中在广州、深圳、东莞、珠海的核心区,其中,新一代电子信息产业创新的空间集聚度最高。     

GIS支持下三峡库区秭归县滑坡灾害空间预测

基于GIS空间分析和统计模型相结合进行区域评价与空间预测是滑坡灾害研究的重要方向之一。以三峡库区秭归县为研究区,选择坡度、坡向、边坡结构、工程岩组、排水系统、土地利用和公路开挖作为评价因子。为提高模型的预测精度、可信度和推广能力,利用窗口采样规则降低训练样本之间的空间相关性。建立Logistic回归模型,对滑坡灾害与评价因子进行定量相关性分析。计算研究区滑坡灾害易发性指数,对其进行聚类分析,绘制滑坡易发性分区图,其中高、中易发区占整个研究区面积的38.9%,主要分布在人类工程活动频繁和靠近排水系统的区域。经过验证,该模型的预测精度达到77.57%。     

1994－04－30四川省武隆县鸡冠岭滑坡→崩塌→碎屑流→堵江灾害链

１９９４－０４－３０的１１：４５，四川省武隆县兴顺乡核桃坪村境内乌江左岸鸡冠岭一龙冠嘴（１０７°２９′２７″Ｅ，２９°２８′０６″Ｎ）发生了特大型滑坡→崩塌→碎屑流→堵江灾害链，其碎屑堆积物方量５３０万ｍ￣３．崩塌滑坡发生区海拔５００─８５０ｍ。崩塌滑坡物质解体、破碎后，又呈碎屑流作顺坡运动，其中３０万ｍ￣３泻入乌江（江面海拔１５０ｍ），堵断江流时间达３０ｍｉｎ；这次灾害链致死４人，失踪１２人，伤５人，造成直接经济损失近千万元。发生区后缘坡体上还有地表裂缝在不断扩展，潜在性灾害威胁继续存在。     

哈尼族典型聚落的民居分布格局及其演变机理 ——以云南省元阳县全福庄中寨为例

利用GIS技术分析位于云南红河哈尼梯田遗产核心区的元阳县全福庄中寨1960年开始建寨以来民居分布格局的演变过程,探讨关键因子对民居分布格局的影响机制。结果表明:(1)民居演变经历了建寨(1960—1963年)、迁入(1964—1975年)、慢速扩展(1976—2005年)和快速扩张(2006—2018年) 4个阶段,分别形成民居分布的单核、双核、双核邻域扩展和多核等空间格局模式,并呈现由集中向随机分布格局演变的特征。(2)影响民居分布格局的关键因子是地形、距水井距离、距道路距离和亲缘关系,其中距水井和道路距离是最主要的影响因子,而亲缘关系影响的是民居聚集程度。(3)民居演化过程表现为建寨阶段受地形和距水井距离影响,迁入和慢速扩展阶段主要受亲缘关系影响,而快速扩张阶段则主要受距道路距离因子控制。未来在乡村聚落重构和建设中应综合考虑这4个因素,以实现哈尼聚落与梯田遗产的持续发展。     

北京市健身俱乐部多尺度空间格局

城市健身俱乐部是现代城市游憩空间中的新事物。利用点格局识别和探索性数据分析方法,借助GIS和地统计分析等软件,分析北京市健身俱乐部空间格局特征。最邻近距离系数和样方分析表明,健身俱乐部在全局尺度上存在明显空间聚集,但在行政分区和交通线路分割的单元中,则表现出聚集、随机和离散分布的不同空间格局。1~5km共5个尺度格网单元统计分析进一步验证了健身俱乐部空间格局具有显著尺度效应。样本密度、最邻近距离系数、Moran’s I系数分析发现,样本密度和最邻近距离系数均呈现明显的空间分异和空间自相关,其中2km、3km尺度反映的微观形态特征最为显著。证明全局尺度并非分析健身俱乐部空间格局的唯一和最好尺度,部分微观单元上空间格局将更明显,格局特征也可能会与全局尺度相反。因此多类型、多尺度统计单元能够更全面地反映点要素分布的规律。多尺度空间格局研究,为准确描述城市游憩空间中的点要素空间格局特征,提供了新的研究思路和具体实证。     

Spatial patterns of old, deep-seated landslides: A case-study in the northern Ethiopian highlands

During the last decade, slope failures were reported in a 500 km² study area in the Geba–Werei catchment, northern Ethiopia, a region where landslides were not considered an important hazard before. Field observations, however, revealed that many of the failures were actually reactivations of old deep-seated landslides after land use changes. Therefore, this study was conducted (1) to explore the importance of environmental factors controlling landslide occurrence and (2) to estimate future landslide susceptibility. A landslide inventory map of the study area derived from aerial photograph interpretation and field checks shows the location of 57 landslides and six zones with multiple landslides, mainly complex slides and debris flows. In total 14.8% of the area is affected by an old landslide. For the landslide susceptibility modelling, weights of evidence (WofE), was applied and five different models were produced. After comparison of the models and spatial validation using Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and Kappa values, a model combining data on elevation, hillslope gradient, aspect, geology and distance to faults was selected. This model confirmed our hypothesis that deep-seated landslides are located on hillslopes with a moderate slope gradient (i.e. 5°–13°). The depletion areas are expected on and along the border of plateaus where weathered basalts rich in smectite clays are found, and the landslide debris is expected to accumulate on the Amba Aradam sandstone and upper Antalo limestone. As future landslides are believed to occur on inherently unstable hillslopes similar to those where deep-seated landslides occurred, the classified landslide susceptibility map allows delineating zones where human interventions decreasing slope stability might cause slope failures. The results obtained demonstrate that the applied methodology could be used in similar areas where information on the location of landslides is essential for present-day hazard analysis.     

Determining landslide susceptibility in Central Taiwan from rainfall and six site factors using the analytical hierarchy process method

This work provides a landslide susceptibility assessment model for rainfall-induced landslides in Central Taiwan based on the analytical hierarchy process method. The model considers rainfall and six site factors, including slope, geology, vegetation, soil moisture, road development and historical landslides. The rainfall factor consists of 10-day antecedent rainfall and total rainfall during a rainfall event. Landslide susceptibility values are calculated for both before and after the beginning of a rainfall event. The 175 landslide cases with detailed field surveys are used to determine a landslide-susceptibility threshold value of 9.0. When a landslide susceptibility assessment value exceeds the threshold value, slope failure is likely to occur. Three zones with different landslide susceptibility levels (below, slightly above, and far above the threshold) are identified. The 9149 landslides caused by Typhoon Toraji in Central Taiwan are utilized to validate the study's result. Approximately, 0.2%, 0.4% and 15.3% of the typhoon-caused landslides are located in the three landslide susceptibility zones, respectively. Three villages with 6.6%, 0.4% and 4.9% of the landslides respectively are used to validate the accuracy of the landslide susceptibility map and analyze the main causes of landslides. The landslide susceptibility assessment model can be used to evaluate susceptibility relative to accumulated rainfall, and is useful as an early warning and landslide monitoring tool.     

Ecological Benefit Evaluation of Agricultural Heritage System Conservation—A Case Study of the Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System

In order to better understand the developmental conditions and trends of the biodiversity at agricultural heritage sites, the structure and function of the ecosystem and ecological environment in Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System is examined in the decade since the implementation of the GIAHS project. Through the collection of historical data and sample-plot survey, this study collates the data from 2005 to 2013 related to the heritage site to evaluate the ecological benefit of the Agricultural Heritage System conservation. The results show that: (1) Since the implementation of heritage conservation, the variety of traditional rice grown at the heritage sites basically remains stable, the varieties of other crops basically remain unchanged and the varieties of fruit trees and medicinal plants have developed at faster rates. As the ecological environment at the heritage sites gradually improved, the species and richness of the biodiversity in the ecosystem have increased, especially the increasing growth of egrets and boars. (2) From 2005 to 2013 in the Fangshan Town of Qingtian County, the ecosystem areas identified as river, forest, urban and bare land have increased. The increased area of the urban ecosystem is the largest one of them, which is up to 20.30 ha; while the area of the forest ecosystem has increased to 7.29 ha. The areas of wetland, reservoir, farmland and grassland have been reduced, and the area of grassland ecosystem has been reduced the most with a reduction of 28.87 ha. From the changes in the values of the ecosystem services of different ecosystem types, the values of forest ecosystem services have achieved the most growth, reaching up to 92000 yuan yr^-1 and the growth of the river and bare land ecosystem service values are not obvious. (3) Over nearly a decade, the soil nutrients and the water quality of rice fields at the heritage site have not obviously changed and the plant diseases and insect pests in the rice fields have not been aggravated. The monitoring indexes are far better than the standard values. With the great support of the local government, the production and living conditions and the living environments of farmers in the villages of the heritage sites have been greatly improved through road reconstruction, water improvement, toilet enhancements and the greening, brightness and beautification of the villages.     

GIS analysis to assess landslide susceptibility in a fluvial basin of NW Sicily (Italy)

Landslide hazard assessment, effected by means of geostatistical methods, is based on the analysis of the relationships between landslides and the spatial distributions of some instability factors. Frequently such analyses are based on landslide inventories in which each record represents the entire unstable area and is managed as a single instability landform. In this research, landslide susceptibility is evaluated through the study of a variety of instability landforms: landslides, scarps and areas uphill from crown. The instability factors selected were: bedrock lithology, steepness, topographic wetness index and stream power index. The instability landform densities computed for all the factors, which were arranged in Unique Condition Unit, allowed us to derive a total of three prediction images for each landslide typology. The role of the instability factors and the effects generated by the use of different landforms were analyzed by means of: a) bivariate analysis of the relationships between factors and landslide density; b) predictive power validations of the prediction images, based on a random partition strategy.The test area was the Iato River Basin (North-Western Sicily), whose slopes are moderately involved in flow and rotational slide landslides (219 and 28, respectively). The area is mainly made up of the following complexes: Numidian Flysch clays (19%, 1%), Terravecchia sandy clays (5%, 1%), Terravecchia clayey sands (3%, 0.3%) and San Cipirello marly clays (9%, 0%). The steepness parameter shows the highest landslide density in the [11–19°] class for both the typologies (8%, 1%), even if the density distributions for rotational slides are right-asymmetric and right-shifted. We obtained significant differences in shape when we used different instability landforms. Unlike scarps and areas uphill from crowns, landslide areas produce left-asymmetric and left-shifted density distributions for both the typologies. As far as the topographic wetness index is concerned, much more pronounced differences were detected among the instability landforms of rotational slides. In contrast, the flow landslides produce normal-like density distributions. The latter and the rotational slide landslide areas produce the highest density values in the class [5.5–6.7], despite an abrupt decreasing trend starting from the first class [3.2–4.4], which is generated by the density values of the rotational slide scarps and areas uphill from crowns. The stream power index at the foot of the slopes, which was automatically derived using a GIS-procedure, shows a positive correlation with the landslide densities marked by the maximum classes: [4.8–6.0] for flows, and [6.0–7.2] for rotational slides. The validation procedure results confirmed that the choice of instability landform influences the results of the susceptibility analysis. Furthermore, the validation procedure indicates that: a) the predictive models are generally satisfactory; b) scarps and zones uphill from crown areas are the most diagnostically unstable landforms, for flow and rotational slide landslides respectively.     

Spatial pattern and influencing factors of landslide casualty events

Analysis of casualties due to landslides from 2000 to 2012 revealed that their spatial pattern was affected by terrain and other natural environmental factors, which resulted in a higher distribution of landslide casualty events in southern China than in northern China. Hotspots of landslide-generated casualties were in the western Sichuan mountainous area and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, southeast hilly area, northern part of the loess hilly area, and Tianshan and Qilian Mountains. However, local distribution patterns indicated that landslide casualty events were also influenced by economic activity factors. To quantitatively analyse the influence of natural environment and human-economic activity factors, the Probability Model for Landslide Casualty Events in China (LCEC) was built based on logistic regression analysis. The results showed that relative relief, GDP growth rate, mean annual precipitation, fault zones, and population density were positively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. Notably, GDP growth rate ranked only second to relative relief as the primary factors in the probability of casualties due to landslides. The occurrence probability of a landslide casualty event increased 2.706 times with a GDP growth rate increase of 2.72%. In contrast, vegetation coverage was negatively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. The LCEC model was then applied to calculate the occurrence probability of landslide casualty events for each county in China. The results showed that there are 27 counties with high occurrence probability but zero casualty events. The 27 counties were divided into three categories: poverty-stricken counties, mineral-rich counties, and real-estate overexploited counties; these are key areas that should be emphasized in reducing landslide risk.     

GIS支持下的黄土高原地震滑坡区划研究

分析了影响黄土滑坡的各项影响因子,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定各影响因子的权重。在GIS支持下,建立包括各因子图的空间数据库,对各因子进行分级赋值,然后进行因子加权叠加分析,完成三种超越概率下(50年超越概率2%、10%和63.5%)黄土高原地震滑坡区划图。黄土地震滑坡灾害最严重地区一个是宁夏南部及与其相邻的甘肃白银地区,另一个是甘肃天水地区。     

中国地质灾害伤亡事件的空间格局及影响因素（英文）

Analysis of casualties due to landslides from 2000 to 2012 revealed that their spatial pattern was affected by terrain and other natural environmental factors, which resulted in a higher distribution of landslide casualty events in southern China than in northern China. Hotspots of landslide-generated casualties were in the western Sichuan mountainous area and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region, southeast hilly area, northern part of the loess hilly area, and Tianshan and Qilian Mountains. However, local distribution patterns indicated that landslide casualty events were also influenced by economic activity factors. To quantitatively analyse the influence of natural environment and human-economic activity factors, the Probability Model for Landslide Casualty Events in China(LCEC) was built based on logistic regression analysis. The results showed that relative relief, GDP growth rate, mean annual precipitation, fault zones, and population density were positively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. Notably, GDP growth rate ranked only second to relative relief as the primary factors in the probability of casualties due to landslides. The occurrence probability of a landslide casualty event increased 2.706 times with a GDP growth rate increase of 2.72%. In contrast, vegetation coverage was negatively correlated with casualties caused by landslides. The LCEC model was then applied to calculate the occurrence probability of landslide casualty events for each county in China. The results showed that there are 27 counties with high occurrence probability but zero casualty events. The 27 counties were divided into three categories: poverty-stricken counties, mineral-rich counties, and real-estate overexploited counties; these are key areas that should be emphasized in reducing landslide risk.     

Size and spatial distribution of loess slides on the Chinese Loess Plateau

ABSTRACT

The size and spatial distribution of loess slides are important for estimating the yield of eroded materials and determining the landslide risk. While previous studies have investigated landslide size distributions, the spatial distribution pattern of landslides at different spatial scales is poorly understood. The results indicate that the loess slide distribution exhibits a power-law scaling across a range of the size distribution. The mean landslide size and size distribution in the different geomorphic types are different. The double Pareto and inverse gamma functions can coincide well with the empirical probability distribution of the loess slide areas and can quantitatively reveal the rollover location, maximum probability, and scaling exponents. The frequency of loess slides increases with mean monthly precipitation. Moreover, point distance analysis showed that > 80% of landslides are located < 3 km from other loess slides. We found that the loess slides at the two study sites (Zhidan and Luochuan County) in northern Shaanxi Province, China show a significant clustered distribution. Furthermore, analysis results of the correlated fractal dimension show that the landslides exhibit a dispersed distribution at smaller spatial scales and a clustered distribution at larger spatial scales.     

汶川地震灾区滑坡空间特征变化分析

“5.12”汶川大地震触发了大量滑坡,给人民群众生命财产和社会经济发展造成了巨大损失。基于GIS空间分析方法,结合震前和震后的滑坡编目数据,对滑坡与坡度、坡向、高程、岩土类型、道路、河流和断裂带等7个孕灾环境因素的空间分布关系进行统计分析。结果表明：滑坡与孕灾环境因素的空间分布关系受地震的影响比较大。相比于震前,震后滑坡发生的优势坡度、优势岩土类型、优势距离缓冲区等均发生了很大的变化;并且坡向、距道路距离、距河流距离等因素对滑坡有明显地趋势性影响。     

汶川地震灾区滑坡空间特征变化分析简

“5.12”汶川大地震触发了大量滑坡,给人民群众生命财产和社会经济发展造成了巨大损失。基于GIS空间分析方法,结合震前和震后的滑坡编目数据,对滑坡与坡度、坡向、高程、岩土类型、道路、河流和断裂带等7个孕灾环境因素的空间分布关系进行统计分析。结果表明：滑坡与孕灾环境因素的空间分布关系受地震的影响比较大。相比于震前,震后滑坡发生的优势坡度、优势岩土类型、优势距离缓冲区等均发生了很大的变化;并且坡向、距道路距离、距河流距离等因素对滑坡有明显地趋势性影响。