波浪动力滑翔机海洋环境监测系统

波浪动力滑翔机将海洋波浪起伏转化为前向推进运动,同时,利用太阳能系统为电气设备提供驱动电源,可以实现长时间、远距离的走航测量,具有定点虚拟锚泊和路径自动跟踪的功能。首先分析了波浪动力滑翔机在海洋环境监测中的必要性以及当前国外技术发展现状;随后,从波浪动力滑翔机工作过程解析入手,分析了其结构组成和运动机理,给出了成功设计的关键和要领,并近似确定了第三代波浪动力滑翔机的基本物理参数;最后,总结了第二代波浪动力滑翔机的性能指标,以及其在海洋环境监测中的广泛应用。     

波浪驱动的水面波力滑翔机研究现状及应用

介绍一种基于波浪驱动的水面滑翔机,其通过单纯机械设计,将波浪能转化为波力滑翔机的前进动力,克服了常规滑翔机需要自带能源的弊端。同时,浮体上安装的太阳能电池为波力滑翔机的控制、通信系统提供电源,实现系统的长时间作业。文中首先概述了水面波力滑翔机的研究现状,然后以Liquid Robotics公司所研制的水面波力滑翔机为代表,介绍其组成、动力推进原理、动力学模型、通信及控制方式,接着介绍了水面波力滑翔机在海洋观测及通信中的应用,最后对水面波力滑翔机的发展做了总结与展望。     

水下滑翔机纵垂面运动姿态分析

在水下滑翔机的设计过程中,为了能够预先估计其水动力特性和操纵特性,避免大量的约束模型实验,需要建立动力学模型以仿真分析水下滑翔机的动力学行为。动力学建模是研究水下滑翔机水动力特性的理论基础,是运动控制的分析依据。通过软件来模拟滑翔机上浮/下潜平衡状态的姿态,并对其进行受力分析得出此姿态对应的理论俯仰角,与实验数据进行了对比,结果基本吻合,为水下滑翔机的设计与控制提供了参考。     

基于水下滑翔机平台的湍流观测方法研究

海洋微结构湍流作为常见的海洋运动,对海洋中溶解质扩散、能量转移有显著作用,对海水运动及其温盐特性等有重要影响。作为低能耗、无动力的海洋观测平台,水下滑翔机具有噪声低、航时长,易回收等优点,使得长期不间断低成本观测湍流成为了可能。在本文中,从湍流观测原理的维度出发,研究分析滑翔机运动特性对湍流数据的影响;通过解析滑翔机在垂直面内运动方程,获得适合湍流观测的滑翔机运动参数;利用傅里叶变换从时域与频域分析了滑翔机的振动特性;最后通过海试,验证了基于水下滑翔机的湍流观测平台长时间不间断观测海洋湍流的能力。     

波浪动力滑翔机岸基监控系统

波浪动力滑翔机是一款新型海洋环境观测平台,具有大尺度长时序海洋环境观测能力。利用C#.net开发环境,并结合GPS北斗双模技术和Google Earth COM API为波浪动力滑翔机开发了导航定位岸基监控应用程序,该程序主要包含卫星定位与数据传输、矢量地图的轨迹显示和路径设定、环境监测数据的分类存储与管理、平台运行状态可视化查询等功能。利用该岸基监控程序可实现在岸站对波浪动力滑翔机及其搭载的仪器进行全时段的可视化监视与控制,并完成对监测环境数据的接收、分类存储和可视化展示等操作。     

波浪滑翔机椭圆形后缘水翼动力特性研究

水翼是波浪滑翔机的重要动力转换部件。本文针对水翼平面形状的优化问题进行研究,首先,建立了波浪滑翔机水翼水动力分析模型,分析了展弦比和翼型对单个平直水翼升力特性的影响,选定了最佳展弦比和翼型;在此基础上,提出了一种椭圆形后缘的水翼平面外形技术方案,建立了水翼椭圆形后缘平面外形的控制方程;利用CFD方法,针对单个水翼和阵列化水翼2种条件,分析对比了平直水翼和具有椭圆形后缘水翼的升力和阻力特性。研究结果表明:在低雷诺数条件下,较大的展弦比有利于提高水翼的升力系数;攻角较大时NACA0012翼型截面形状的水翼性能优于平板翼;对于相同面积的水翼,当攻角较小时椭圆尾缘水翼的升力系数和阻力与平直水翼相同,而攻角较大时椭圆尾缘水翼的升/阻力特性优于平直水翼。     

鸭式波浪能转换装置的水动力特性及效率研究

为了更加切合实际地研究鸭式波浪能转换装置的水动力特性及效率,考虑了鸭式装置可绕定轴转动以及装置的附加质量和附加阻尼,以ANSYS14.0软件为平台建立二维数值波浪水槽,对装置在不同波浪条件作用下的受力情况与运动情况进行了数值模拟与分析。结果表明:(1)在相同波高条件下,随着波浪周期的增大,装置受到的水动力力矩增大,转换效率下降,转换效率最高可达到70%;(2)在相同周期条件下,随着波高的增大,鸭式装置受到的水动力力矩也随之增加,波浪在经过装置后波高会发生衰减;(3)装置转换效率总体可维持在70%左右,但由于波峰到达装置时会有部分波浪从其顶部越过,随着波浪波高增大转换效率缓慢下降。为该装置的实际应用提供理论支持。     

水下滑翔机内波观测方法

在把握水下滑翔机功能特点和内波运动特征的基础上,提出水下滑翔机中性悬停、随体原位观测内波的方法。首先需要对水下滑翔机加装加速度计和深度计,用于记录并辅助控制其运动过程;其次,控制水下滑翔机下潜至目标区域的跃层梯度最大处水层,通过中性体浮力控制和姿态调节系统实现水平悬停,做到最大化无滑脱随流运动;然后,水下滑翔机在遭遇内波后跟随内波一起运动并进行同步观测;最后,分析观测数据,并基于相应特征选定内波物理模型,建立内波的三维运动学结构模型。该方法是内波直接观测技术的有益探索,对深入发挥水下滑翔机观测效能、把握内波运动学结构和动力学支撑有重要作用。     

振荡浮子波能发电装置浮子运动性能的试验研究

振荡浮子是当下波浪能发电装置中的一种典型形式,其能量俘获装置的设计及水动力学分析是波浪能开发利用技术中的一项关键技术。振荡浮子波能发电装置采用液压机构驱动发电机作为PTO系统,研究通过水工物理模型试验的方法,以浮子的水动力性能为主要内容,讨论了浮子在波浪场作用下的运动状态,以及考虑PTO后浮子的运动特性。通过两者对比,得出了振荡浮子在液压式非线性PTO作用下运动性能,为该类装置的实用化设计提供了参考依据。     

泵喷推进水下滑翔机尾舵设计及仿真分析

泵喷推进水下滑翔机是在传统浮力驱动型水下滑翔机基础上配置泵喷推进器发展而来的一种混合驱动型水下滑翔机。为了提高其机动性,泵喷推进水下滑翔机采用尾舵式结构设计方案。采用数值仿真方法,针对尾舵翼型、展弦比、后掠角、舵轴位置等相关参数开展研究,完成了尾舵水动力结构设计。利用动力学仿真方法,对比分析了泵喷推进水下滑翔机与同尺度下横滚式水下滑翔机的转向性能,仿真结果表明： 尾舵式结构的转向性能明显优于横滚式。     

仿生胸鳍的三维尾涡结构与参数影响分析

为研究仿胸鳍推进的机理和流体动力特性及缩小机器鱼与生物原型之间的性能差距,利用浸入边界法数值模拟了做耦合旋转运动胸鳍的非定常绕流问题。详细探讨胸鳍非定常运动的三维尾涡结构演化和推进机理,并开展胸鳍推进性能与尾涡结构的参数影响分析。结果表明:迎流面在背、腹侧边缘及鳍梢部显著涡旋结构的作用下所出现的低压力区,加之鳍表面和上游来流之间好的垂直度共同造成了在动力划水阶段的高推力;在恢复划水阶段的高升力与背侧边缘涡强度的持续增加,以及因鳍表面倾斜而引起的水动力被分解到竖直方向的比重提升有关;胸鳍尾流场被一个三维双环涡结构所支配;当前的模拟为仿胸鳍推进建立了一个最优的斯特劳哈尔数St范围(在0.55附近),在此之后平均推力仍随St的增大而增加,而推进效率则表现出一个缓慢降低的趋势;当前后拍动与纵倾运动之间的相位差为90度时,胸鳍同时取得最佳的推力和效率。     

Structure, function, and neural control of pectoral fins in fishes

Fin-based propulsion systems perform well for both high-speed cruising and high maneuverability in fishes, making them good models for propulsors of autonomous underwater vehicles. Labriform locomotion in fishes is actuated by oscillation of the paired pectoral fins. Here, we present recent research on fin structure, fin motion, and neural control in fishes to outline important future directions for this field and to assist engineers in attempting biomimicry of maneuverable fin-based locomotion in shallow surge zones. Three areas of structure and function are discussed in this review: 1) the anatomical structure of the fin blade, skeleton, and muscles that drive fin motion; 2) the rowing and flapping motions that fins undergo for propulsion in fishes; and 3) the neuroanatomy, neural circuitry, and electrical muscle activity that are characteristic of pectoral fins. Research on fin biomechanics, muscle physiology and neural control is important to the comparative biology of locomotion in fishes and application of fin function for aid in aquatic vehicle design. Recommendations are made regarding fin propulsor designs based on the fin shape, activation pattern, and motion. Research on neural control of fins is a key piece in the puzzle for a complete understanding of comparative fin function and may provide important principles for engineers designing control systems for fin-like propulsors.     

摆动尾鳍水动力性能的试验和数值研究

鱼类能够在水下高速度、低噪音、高效率地游动。鱼类出色的推进性能通过其摆动尾鳍实现。这种摆动尾鳍推进方式已经用在了水下无人航行器上。因此研究摆动尾鳍的水动力性能是非常有意义的。对摆动尾鳍的推进水动力性能进行了详尽的研究。设计、装配了一套仿尾鳍推进系统,并对其进行了相应的水动力试验。在试验中研究了运动参数对摆动尾鳍水动力性能的影响。与此同时,采用基于雷诺平均N-S方程的数值方法对摆动尾鳍的水动力性能进行了研究。在数值计算中采用了k-ωSST湍流模型和有限体积法。数值计算结果和水动力试验结果进行了比较。对尾鳍表面的压力分布和流场中的尾涡结构进行了分析。水动力试验和数值计算都表明摆动尾鳍可以产生推进力和较高的推进效率。     

基于牛顿力学积分的水下滑翔机群协同控制研究

水下滑翔机是开展海洋无人移动观测的重要平台,其实际航行轨迹往往与预设路径存在较大差异,多台水下滑翔机协同观测时,难以始终保持预设的组网阵列.本研究提出一种基于牛顿力学积分的水下滑翔机群协同控制算法,根据水下滑翔机群出、入水的异步性调节水下滑翔机入水前的运动参数.基于对水下滑翔机受力分析,利用牛顿力学积分还原水下滑翔机在...     

波浪滑翔机水下牵引机结构设计与分析

为满足对远洋环境进行长时间、大范围监测的实际需求,设计提出一种波浪动力滑翔机,该设备是一种无需携带能源即可实现自主航行的新型海洋监测平台,其主体结构由水面母船、水下牵引机和柔性缆绳三大部分组成。平台通过即时获取海洋中的波浪能、太阳能、风能作为行走的动力源,克服了传统海洋监测设备在能源供应上存在的短板。为进一步提升水下牵引机对波浪能的利用率,采用Ansys软件中的Fluent模块对水下牵引机进行水动力仿真研究,分析了侧翼板形状、侧翼板工作最大摆动角度以及侧翼板安装分布间距对滑翔机总体行走效率的影响。结果表明:NACA翼型侧翼板具有更好的水动力性能;随着最大摆动角度的增加,水下牵引机的推进效率先增大后减小,最大摆角在20°左右时,推进效果最佳;随着侧翼板分布间距的增大,水下牵引机的推进效率逐渐减小,分布间距在80 mm左右时,推进效果最佳。     

柔性仿金枪鱼月牙形尾鳍水动力分析

为研究鱼类高速游动机理,以金枪鱼月牙形尾鳍为对象,采用面元法计算分析了其非定常水动力性能。假设尾鳍在横移和摇摆的同时,以某一匀速向前运动,并假设其在弦向和展向以某一给定规律发生变形,以模仿柔性变形。探讨了前进速度、横移和摇摆的幅度、频率及其相位差对柔性尾鳍推进性能的影响,并与做相应运动的刚性尾鳍进行了对比。     

Simulation for the propulsion of a micro-hydro robot with an unstructured grid

The flow mechanism of contractive and dilative motion was numerically investigated to obtain a propulsive force in a highly viscous fluid. The computing program for the analysis of complicated motions was numerically developed with a cell-centered, unstructured grid scheme. The developed program was validated by the well-known equation of an oscillating plane below viscous fluid for an unsteady problem, which is known as Stokes’ second problem. Validation has continued through comparison with the experimental results.In this case, sinusoidal motion was applied to the validation, instead of trochoidal motion, because it was very difficult to actually simulate trochoidal motion in this experiment. Finally, the validation and comparison with the nodal-point scheme was accomplished by Stokes’ problem, which is the famous problem at a low Reynolds number. The validated code was applied to contractive and dilative motion in a narrow tube, whose motion was embodied by trochoidal movement. In a highly viscous fluid, such as a very sticky honey or a swamp, the computed results show that a viscous force can be used for propulsion instead of a dynamic force.From the present results, it was found that a propulsive force can be obtained by contractive and dilative motion at a low Reynolds number, which can be applied to the propulsion of micro-robots in a highly viscous fluid such as a blood vessel or a swamp. This research could also be considered fundamental research for the propulsion of micro-hydro robots, which are expected to be actively studied in the future in accord with further development of nanotechnology.     

Biorobotic AUV maneuvering by pectoral fins: inverse control design based on CFD parameterization

Biologically inspired maneuvering of autonomous undersea vehicles (AUVs) in the dive plane using pectoral-like oscillating fins is considered. Computational fluid dynamics are used to parameterize the forces generated by a mechanical flapping foil, which attempts to mimic the pectoral fin of a fish. Since the oscillating fins produce periodic force and moment of a variety of wave shapes, the essential characteristics of these signals are captured in their Fourier expansions. Maneuvering of the biorobotic AUV in the dive plane is accomplished by periodically altering the bias angle of the oscillating fin. Based on a discrete-time AUV model, an inverse control system for the dive-plane control is derived. It is shown that, in the closed-loop system, the inverse control system accomplishes accurate tracking of the prescribed time-varying depth trajectories and the segments of the intersample depth trajectory remain close to the discrete-time reference trajectory. The results show that the fins located away from the center of mass toward the nose of the vehicle provide better maneuverability.     

The Development of a Biologically Inspired Propulsor for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles

Fish are remarkable in their ability to maneuver and to control their body position. This ability is the result of the coordinated movement of fins which extend from the body and form control surfaces that can create and vector forces in 3-D. We have embarked on a research program designed to develop a maneuvering propulsor for unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) that is based on the pectoral fin of the bluegill sunfish. For this, the anatomy, kinematics, and hydrodynamics of the sunfish pectoral fin were investigated experimentally and through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. These studies identified that the kinematics of the sunfish pectoral fin are very complex and are not easily described by traditional ldquorowingrdquo- and ldquoflappingrdquo-type kinematics. A consequence of the complex motion is that the pectoral fin can produce forward thrust during both its outstroke (abduction) and instroke (adduction), and while doing so generates only small lateral and lift forces. The results of the biological studies were used to guide the design of robotic pectoral fins which were built as experimental devices and used to investigate the mechanisms of thrust production and control. Because of a design that was based heavily on the anatomy of the sunfish fin, the robotic pectoral fins had the level of control and degrees of freedom necessary to reproduce many of the complex fin motions used by the sunfish during steady swimming. These robotic fins are excellent experimental tools, and are an important first step towards developing propulsive devices that will give the next generation of UUVs the ability to produce and control thrust like highly maneuverable fish.