公网盲区泥石流监测中无线传输技术的应用

为监测公网盲区地质灾害,提出采用无线信号将前端传感器采集的数据传输到主站,然后使用公网信号再将数据传输到后端指挥中心.对珠峰保护区泥石流沟公网盲区泥石流的监测实验表明,该方法是可行的.     

北京山区泥石流专业监测技术要求及实践

泥石流是北京山区主要突发地质灾害之一,虽然发育规模以中小型居多,但危险性很大,开展专业监测十分必要。科学选取监测对象、合理选择监测方法、监测设备类型和可靠的安装位置,明确监测技术要求,是泥石流监测预警的关键。根据北京市突发地质灾害监测预警系统(二期工程)建设的工作实践,在北京山区泥石流特征分析的基础上,总结得出泥石流监测对象选择、监测方法及设备、监测点位确定方法及技术要求等,并以小梁后沟印子峪泥石流专业监测实践为例,验证了上述原则、方法和技术的合理性。研究成果可为泥石流监测预警的前期选点工作提供思路方法和借鉴参考。     

浅析兰州市安宁区关山沟泥石流风险性

地质灾害的风险研究始于上个世纪80年代中后期。国际上,地质灾害风险评价至今仍是新兴研究课题,涉及前沿探索性领域。单沟泥石流风险性评价一直是国内外研究的热点,本文在区域风险性区划的基础上,根据关山沟泥石流的形成、发育特征,计算泥石流各特征元相应类别的综合函数值,建立单沟风险性评价模型,探讨单沟泥石流的风险等级。     

北京怀柔三道沟泥石流沟内松散物源高密度电法探测及效果分析

三道沟泥石流沟流域位于北京市怀柔区琉璃庙镇崎峰茶村,是泥石流地质灾害的易发区和高发区,历史上曾发生过多次泥石流地质灾害。本文通过使用高密度电法对三道沟泥石流沟中的物源层进行勘测,查明了三道沟泥石流主沟及I支沟地下地质体中松散物源层的厚度,并通过槽探验证,证明了高密度电法勘探结果的可靠性与有效性,为今后该泥石流沟地质灾害的预防和治理提供了准确的依据。     

金沙江某水电站库区泥石流地质灾害研究

金沙江是我国水能资源最为丰富的江河之一，但在金沙江上修建水库，泥石流是经常遇到的地质灾害问题。文章在详细调查了库区地层岩性、构造、滑坡的前提下，结合金沙江某水库区泥石流发育与降雨、地层岩性、构造、滑坡及地形地貌的关系深入探讨了库区泥石流的类型、规模、特征及发育阶段。研究表明：(1)本库区泥石流活动历史久远，泥石流地质灾害活跃，在部分泥石流地质灾害衰退的同时，更多的泥石流沟在逐步形成：(2)水库蓄水，减小了泥石流沟的比降，会在一定程度上降低泥石流的活动性及破坏能力；(3)泥石流对水库的影响主要为输送泥沙，造成水库淤积。     

机载LiDAR技术在密林区低频泥石流沟调查中的应用

机载LiDAR是一种主动扫描式遥感技术,其激光脉冲信号能部分穿过多层植被的间隙直达地表,快速获得剥离植被层后的地表高精度三维数据与影像,从而实现真实刻画地貌轮廓和精细揭示地表特征。低频泥石流沟发生间歇期长,地表植被较茂盛,常用的光学影像、InSAR等遥感技术对其解译存在一定的局限性。盐田区地质灾害详细调查采用机载LiDAR技术,提取了0.2 m分辨率的地表DEM数据,生成了精细的山体阴影图像,初步建立了泥石流机载LiDAR图像遥感解译标志,在此基础上对17条沟谷进行了判释,最终确定了4条低频泥石流沟,再结合机载LiDAR的DEM影像详细调查了泥石流沟的形态特征、物源分布,初步分析了泥石流沟的现今活动性。实践证明,在植被覆盖率高的地区,机载LiDAR图像的可解译性明显好于传统的光学遥感,适用于泥石流等地质灾害隐患的早期识别与后续调查。     

彻底关沟泥石流发育特征及其防治建议

受汶川地震扰动影响，彻底关沟泥石流物源丰富，爆发频繁，对下游公路造成严重危害。为查明彻底关沟泥石流发育特征及危害程度，对彻底关沟实地调查，并分析泥石流的形成条件、沟域特征、发展趋势。结果表明，彻底关沟沟道陡峭，雨量丰沛，物源丰富，可参与泥石流的固体物源总量达184.6×104m3，易发程度高。在此基础上，在沟道内选取了4个测流剖面进行计算泥石流运动特征参数。基于上述研究提出了“拦、固、疏、清”治理手段，并结合监测预警的综合防治措施，为类似地质灾害的评价及治理提供参考。     

北京山区基于临界土壤含水率的泥石流预警思路

北京山区地质构造条件复杂,新构造活动频繁,人为活动剧烈,泥石流地质灾害较为发育,对人民的生命财产造成较大的威胁,如何利用泥石流发生前的物理特征进行预警,是北京市突发地质灾害防治的重要研究课题。本文首先介绍了以泥石流沟物源区土体的临界土壤含水率为短临预警的理论依据,然后以北京山区密云、门头沟、房山3个区县25条泥石流沟安装的土壤含水率仪为实例,详细阐述了土壤含水率预警系统建设的关键步骤,包括:监测沟谷的选择、土壤含水率仪的选型、仪器的安装及标定以及野外含水率数据的传输。预警研究成果,为首都地质灾害预警工作提供新的技术方法和手段。     

和龙市泥石流灾害危险性分区评价

泥石流是和龙市最主要的地质灾害。研究泥石流灾害危险性分区旨在为减轻和龙市地质灾害规划提供科学依据。本文运用灰色关联分析的方法，获取了评价和龙市泥石流灾害的定量指标，并计算了各指标的权重。在此基础上得出各区域的泥石流危险度，据此对各区域进行了危险性分区。泥石流高危险区位于和龙市东北部。这些区域地质灾害频繁发生主要是由植被覆盖率低、地质环境质量较差、人类工程活动不当等因素所致。     

昆明市东川区城市后山地区泥石流特征及防治

通过系统地对城市后山地区主要泥石流沟特征的分析,科学地选取治理工程措施,基本达到有效控制深沟泥石流物源的运移,减轻或消弱其它各沟泥石流危害的防治目标。通过削弱泥石流灾害的发育、发展,从而减轻地质灾害对东川市城区的威胁。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)