怀来台形变数字化与模拟资料应用的对比分析

引言 2001年，按照首都圈防震减灾示范区工程的建设要求，怀来台形变观测进行了数字化改造，包括基础环境、供电、避雷、通信系统和前兆仪器的改造。陆续改造安装了DSQ型水管倾斜仪、SS-Y型伸缩仪、VS型垂直摆倾斜仪、TJ-IC体应变仪和辅助观测的TCM-3型洞温测量仪、PTH/R-III气象参数测量仪。2001年10月1日进入试运行，2001年底通过中国地震局工程管理中心的质量验收，2002年进入正式观测。为更好地使用该台的数字化资料，及时对数字化和模拟资料的一致性、精度质量进行对比，分析产生差别的原因，探讨辅助观测与观测值的相关性，…     

河北张家口及怀来台形变数字化观测资料的应用

为探索数字化观测资料的前兆异常特征,进一步认识其映震能力,使得数字化观测资料在今后的地震分析预报中得到充分的利用。收集2002年至2005年华北地区发生的M>5.0、张家口地区4.0级以上地震目录,对河北张家口、怀来台的形变数字化观测资料(水管倾斜仪、伸缩仪和体应变等)进行了研究。结果发现,在多次中强以上地震前几小时至几天,各个观测项目均记录到固体潮畸变、高频脉冲、抖动、转折等异常形态,并对其映震特征进行了分析。     

张家口地震台形变数字化与模拟资料应用的对比分析

介绍了张家口地震台的地质构造和形变观测数字化改造情况，对2002年数字化和模拟资料的一致性、观测精度进行对比，分析产生差别的原因，探讨辅助观测和观测值的相关性，得出张家口台的数字化改造是成功的，资料连续率高，质量高，数字化资料完全能替代模拟资料，同时注意数字化观测系统应从数据处理、分析方法及精度评定上逐步完善，才能提取真实的前兆异常，更好地应用于地震预报。     

河北形变观测资料映震能力浅析

采取Nakai拟合、振幅因子、调和分析和相对均方差等方法,对河北省数字化形变台站的形变观测进行计算和分析。结果表明,河北省形变观测资料中,怀来、易县和宽城的VS垂直摆倾斜仪、DSQ水管倾斜仪和SS-Y伸缩仪观测资料对河北范围内的中强以上地震有中、短期映震能力。     

易县地震台数字化观测与模拟观测资料对比研究

介绍了易县地震台的基本现状及形变数字化仪器改造情况,并从长期趋势、短期趋势和固体潮形态变化等方面对易县地震台形变模拟观测和数字化观测资料进行了对比。对数模两种观测资料的连续性、稳定性、一致性和固体潮观测精度进行了分析,得出数字化资料总体评价,并对数字化资料存在的问题提出具体建议。     

怀来4号井地下流体观测数字化改造

引言 2001年首都圈防震减灾示范系统工程在河北省全面实施。怀来4号井流体观测台是河北省地下流体学科的重点观测台站。经过室内外观测环境改造之后，陆续安装了SD-3A自动测氡仪、DFG-B智能测氡仪、LN-3型数字水位仪以及气象辅助观测仪器。这些新仪器采用新技术提高了资料的观测精度和自动控制功能，原有的人工读数模式改为数字化自动采集模式，增强了地震监测能力和监控范围。于2001年9月1日正式产出数据，实现了观测仪器智能化、资料产出数字化、数据处理自动化和信息传输网络化。 1 怀来4号井概况 怀来4号井位于怀来县城东南13 km后…     

张家口地震台地形变数字化与模拟资料对比研究

介绍了张家口地震台的基本现状及形变数字化仪器的改造情况。从长期趋势、短期趋势和固体潮形态变化等方面,对地形变模拟观测和数字化观测资料进行了对比,对资料的连续性、稳定性、一致性和固体潮观测精度进行了分析,得出数字化资料总体评价。并针对数字化观测存在的问题提出了具体建议。     

怀来地震台线应变观测中的干扰及消除方法

怀来地震台伸缩仪观测中存在一种干扰,此干扰起止时间、持续时间、干扰变化幅度每年基本相当.本文就引起此干扰的因素、干扰机理展开讨论与分析,并提出一种消除此干扰的方法,剔除怀来地震台伸缩仪数字化观测资料中的干扰后,发现与地震的对应关系较好,提高了地震观测资料分析的准确度.     

河北怀来ML4.4地震前的地热异常

2002年8月3日15时57分在河北怀来发生了ML4．4地震，在震中距100km范围内的4个台站，三马坊、赤城、矾山、张家口台数字化地热观测均有一定的异常反映，其中，三马坊、赤城台有较明显的临震异常。介绍了各台的地热观测情况，利用差分法、减组合滤波等非潮汐方法进行了分析，指出，该震例总结对今后的地震监测和预报有一定的借鉴和参考作用。     

涉县地震台数字化观测与模拟观测资料对比研究

介绍了涉县地震台站基本现状及其形变数字化仪器改造情况,并从长期趋势、短期趋势和固体潮形态变化等方面对涉县台形变模拟观测和数字化观测资料进行形态对比,对数模两种观测资料的连续性、稳定性、一致性和固体潮观测精度进行分析研究,得出数字化资料总体评价结论。针对涉县数字化资料存在的问题和解决办法提出具体建议。     

琼中地震台重力仪记录同震响应特征分析

2013年2月6-8日圣克鲁斯群岛发生6次强震,琼中地震台的重力仪记录都有同震响应出现。本文从重力仪记录的面波的延迟时间、最大变形幅度、同震持续时间3个方面研究了6次强震的同震响应特征。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.