基于混沌时间序列法的平潭浪高预测研究

在混沌动力系统相空间重构的基础上,利用关联维数法和最大Lyapunov指数法,对平潭浪高时间序列进行混沌特性识别,并进行了预测.结果表明,浪高时间序列存在混沌现象,混沌时间序列法可应用于海浪预报的研究.     

波高时间序列的混沌特征提取

为了分析海浪混沌特征,在混沌动力系统相空间重构的基础上,利用关联维数法和最大Lyapunov指数法,对实验室波浪水池的实测波面高度时间序列进行混沌特性识别。结果表明,波高时间序列存在混沌现象,混沌理论可应用于海浪的研究。     

相空间反演方法在表层水温预报中的应用

利用相空间理论及方法对渤、黄、东海共4个站位近十几年的旬平均SST进行分析。结果表明：表层水温具有混饨特性，其吸引子关联维数平均约为1．23、嵌入相空间维数为6（渤、黄海）和7（东海178号站位）、二阶Renyi熵平均约为3．7×10-4（1／d）及平均可预报时间尺度平均为27个点；基于以上分析结果运用相空间反演方法建立了旬平均SST的反演模型，并且在试预报的前5旬的最大相对误差约为4．2％。     

相空间反演方法及其在海洋资料分析中的应用

时间序列重建相空间理论是研究实验数据所隐含着非线性复杂现象(如奇怪吸引子、分形、自相似结构及混沌)的有力工具.本文在时间序列重建相空间理论基础上,建立了在嵌入相空间中反演动力系统方法,并将此方法应用于TOGA COARE提供的海表温度(SST)时间序列资料分析中,给出了奇怪吸引子关联维数、嵌入相空间维数、Lyapunov特征指数、Kolmogorov熵及可预报时间尺度.利用相空间中反演动力系统,在可预报时间尺度上进行预报实验,其结果与实测值基本一致.     

健康人与心脏病人心电信号混沌特性比较研究

Lyapunov指数是混沌理论的重要参数之一,对分析心电信号特性有重要意义。分别计算健康人和3种心脏病人心电信号的Lyapunov指数,并首次采用室上病变病人作为样本进行研究。对比发现健康人与各类心脏病人的Lyapunov指数之间存在显著差别。同时在重构相空间过程中采用1种同时估计延迟时间τ和嵌入维数m的新方法,并与自相关函数法的计算结果进行对比,在二维相空间重构图上进行验证。结果表明这种方法优于自相关函数法。     

红树植物木榄种群分布格局关联维数的研究

应用分形理论中的关联维数分析了山口国家级红树林自然保护区木揽(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)种群的个体空间关联程度及其足度变化的特征。木揽种群个体空间关联的无标度区介于1．26—14．66m，相应的关联维数介于1．36—1．61。集群型的木榄种群的关联维数比随机型的高。关联维数的大小实际上也反映了木揽种群个体间竞争的强弱程度。分析表明，关联维数适用于定量描述种群分布格局的特征。     

华南沿海明代自然灾害的时间序列分析Ⅱ.混沌分析

对我国明代华南沿海自然灾害发生次数的混沌特征分析发现,嵌人维数取不同值时均存在分形特征,且反映这种分形特征的关联维数随着嵌入维数逐渐增大而趋于一个稳定值。稳定的关联维数为２．８,相应的饱和嵌入维数为１０。关联维数的稳定值为分数（２．８）反映了控制明代华南沿海自然灾害发生次数的动力系统是一个混沌系统。构筑该系统最少需要３个自由变量,最多需要１０个。对反映该混沌系统混沌特征强度的指标－Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒ     

华南沿海明代自然灾害的时间序列分析Ⅱ.混沌分析

对我国明代华南沿海自然灾害发生次数的混沌特征分析发现 ,嵌入维数取不同值时均存在分形特征 ,且反映这种分形特征的关联维数随着嵌入维数逐渐增大而趋于一个稳定值。稳定的关联维数为 2 8,相应的饱和嵌入维数为 1 0。关联维数的稳定值为分数 (2 8)反映了控制明代华南沿海自然灾害发生次数的动力系统是一个混沌系统。构筑该系统最少需要 3个自由变量 ,最多需要 1 0个。对反映该混沌系统混沌特征强度的指标———Kolmogorov熵K值进行了计算 ,发现当嵌入维数逐渐增大到 7时K值开始稳定于 0 3 8,由此得到我国明代华南沿海自然灾害发生次数这一时间序列的可预报时间平均长度为 2 6a。     

单纯形投影算子理论及在资料分析中的应用：Ⅱ.在表层水温和青岛气温 …

应用相空间理论对赤道单站日表层水温及青岛月平均气温的９点滑动平均资料进行了分析,结果表明：青岛月平均气温的９点滑动平均的相关维数和嵌入维数分别为５．８３、８,当反厄尔尼诺发生时赤道日ＳＳＴ的相关维和嵌入维数分别为３．９３、１１,当厄尔尼诺发生时其相关维数和嵌入维数分别为４．３７、９。揭示了无论是厄尔尼诺还是反厄尔诺发生赤道日ＳＳＴ都具有混沌特征,并且厄尔尼诺发生其内部结构复杂化使得支撑奇怪吸引子的     

南海海温可预报性的诊断研究

本文采用南沙永署礁所测的１９８８．９～１９９６．１的逐日表层海温资料和西沙１９８８．８～１９９５．１２月逐日表层海温资料，用相空间延拓方法，计算了它的关联维Ｄｍ和Ｋａｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ熵的近似值二阶Ｒｅｎｙｉ熵Ｋ２，得到Ｄｍ为分数维，Ｋ２约为一正数值，证明南海海温系统具有混沌吸引子，是一种混沌运动，是一个强迫耗散的非线性系统，其长期演变过程主要受５～９个因子控制，可估计出相应的海温预报时效约为３～９天。南海海温的预报时效与其周期有某些相似之处，但它们之间的关系还有待于进一步研究。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》Vol. 33(2014) contents

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INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,