湖南印支期过铝质花岗岩的形成: 岩浆底侵与地壳加厚热效应的数值模拟

在合理构建华南印支期地质-物理模型的基础上, 利用FLAC软件, 模拟了该区印支期过铝质富钾花岗岩形成与基性岩浆底侵, 及陆壳变形叠置加厚两种动力学背景的可能联系. 模拟结果表明, 220 Ma±的基性岩浆底侵能导致地壳含水矿物相岩石的深熔, 但除非印支期存在大规模基性岩浆的底侵作用, 否则其热效应持续时间和热效应波及范围难以形成具大岩基规模的湖南印支期花岗岩. 在陆壳叠置加厚模型中, 地壳的叠置加厚可导致中下地壳界面温度升高到700℃以上, 引起片麻质岩石熔融, 当加厚因子达1.3, 白云母矿物脱水熔融产生的熔体达到熔体流动临界比例(≥20%), 从而形成花岗岩基; 结合印支期挤压逆冲推覆构造和同期基性火山岩极少出露的地质事实, 认为陆壳变形加厚可能是湖南印支期构造岩浆作用形成的主导因素.     

三维数值模拟研究俯冲区火山的时空活动性

俯冲板块的深部脱水使得上覆地幔含水, 从而降低含水地幔的熔点, 导致上覆地幔部分熔融。 部分熔融的地幔柱一旦喷发到地表就是俯冲带火山, 也形成新的地壳。 相对于周围的地幔来讲, 具有较小密度和黏度的部分熔融地幔的时空活动性就控制着俯冲带火山的时空分布特征。 本文主要回顾近年来运用三维热力学岩石力学模型数值模拟研究与板片脱水相关的俯冲带火山活动的时空分布特性。 结果表明, 部分熔融地幔的有效黏度和密度是影响俯冲板片之上的三维地幔柱横向分布特征的主要因素。 高黏度的部分熔融地幔(10²⁰~10²¹ Pa·s )易于形成近平行于海沟的、 长波长(70~100 km)的、 薄的波状地幔柱; 低黏度(10¹⁸~10¹⁹ Pa·s )的熔融地幔易于形成平行于海沟的, 短波长(30~50 km)的蘑菇状地幔柱和垂直于海沟的山脊状地幔柱。 当部分熔融地幔和周围地幔的密度相差小于50 kg/m³时, 在俯冲板片之上只能形成长波长低幅度(宽50~100 km, 高10~15 km)的地幔山丘。 岩浆产率随着时间的变化反映了火山活动的生命周期性。 板块俯冲速度会影响地幔柱形成的深度和范围大小。 高效率熔融提取会增加新地壳增长总量。 低的板块俯冲速度和低的熔融提取效率会增加上地壳(花岗岩质)和中地壳(英安岩质)化学成分的比例。 数值模拟结果可以很好地解释如日本东北、 新西兰、 南阿拉斯加俯冲区火山的横向分布特征。     

华南沿海基性麻粒岩捕虏体的地球化学研究和下地壳组成

华南沿海新生代火山岩中的麻粒岩捕虏体都是镁铁质的, 分为岩浆麻粒岩和堆晶麻粒岩. 前者具有与大陆火山弧玄武岩相似的不相容微量元素模式; 后者亏损K₂O和P₂O₅以及大离子亲石元素. 华南麻粒岩捕虏体是晚中生代玄武质岩浆底侵于壳幔边界结晶-变质形成. Sr和Nd同位素特征显示麻粒岩母岩浆受到了陆壳物质混染, 它们的变化由AFC成岩模式控制. 微量元素和常量元素的变化主要受结晶分异控制. 捕虏体麻粒岩与研究区地表出露的晚中生代辉长岩和玄武岩的地球化学特征一致, 它们很可能是同一时期相同构造背景下岩浆活动的产物. 华南同时代花岗质岩浆的形成与这期强烈的基性岩浆活动有关. AFC模拟和现有资料显示, 华南下地壳主要由早中元古代变质岩和中生代底侵形成的基性麻粒岩构成.     

基于TM影像的上海地区人口密度数字模拟

人口主要分布在居住区内, 而以人工建筑物为主要特征的居住区正是人类生命财产受地震灾害威胁最大的区域, 所以人口在居住区内的空间分布模拟对震害调查与评估具有独特的作用。 该文利用上海地区TM影像提取出居住区影像, 然后对其进行1 km的格网重采样, 并统计每个格网内的居住面积; 同时根据城镇人口距离衰减加幂指数模型生成人口分布影响参数, 最后生成人口密度图。 结果表明, 上海地区农村区域的人口密度小于5000人/ km², 城镇区域人口密度大于5000人/km², 上海中心区人口密度呈现从1023人/km²到49159人/km²的非均匀分布状态。     

造山带内微陆块地壳的增生与再造过程:以额尔古纳地块为例

系统总结并分析了近年来获得的额尔古纳地块中生代花岗岩的年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素数据,以便从Hf同位素时空变异角度揭示额尔古纳地块陆壳增生及再造过程,为造山带地壳演化提供证据.基于花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年结果,额尔古纳地块中生代花岗质岩浆作用至少可划分五个阶段:早-中三叠世(249~237Ma)、晚三叠世(229~201Ma)、早-中侏罗世(199~171Ma)、晚侏罗世(155~149Ma)和早白垩世(145~125Ma).其中,前三个侵入阶段的花岗岩主要为I型花岗岩,而后两个阶段为A型花岗岩,反映中生代蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板块俯冲-碰撞-伸展过程导致额尔古纳地块陆壳由加厚向减薄变化的特征.中生代花岗岩中锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,额尔古纳地块陆壳增生主要发生于中元古代及新元古代,并且这些中生代花岗岩具有随时代变新εHf(t)值逐渐升高、二阶段模式年龄(TDM2)逐渐下降的变化趋势,揭示额尔古纳地块中生代不同期次花岗质岩浆的产生经历了从古老陆壳物质熔融至新增生陆壳物质熔融的变化过程.此外,锆石Hf同位素组成在空间上还具有随纬度增加εHf(t)值逐渐下降、二阶段模式年龄(TDM2)逐渐升高的变化特征,显示出研究区深部陆壳物质组成中古老陆壳成分由南向北增多的趋势.而在同一纬度范围内,锆石Hf同位素组成也存在差异.这些结果表明额尔古纳地块深部陆壳在横向和垂向上均存在明显的不均一性.综合上述特征,本文提出了额尔古纳地块下部陆壳的结构模型.     

大兴安岭中南段中生代的构造热演化

通过对大兴安岭中南段中生代火山 深成岩同位素年龄的测定 ,对不同阶段岩浆活动的构造背景进行分析 ,从而确立了该区构造岩浆演化的序列 :晚三叠世以含幔源包体的基性 超基性岩侵位为标志的初始幔隆 ,早 中侏罗世以辉绿岩岩墙群侵入为标志的中、上部地壳伸展 ,晚侏罗世强烈的粗面质火山岩喷发 ,早白垩世板内非造山性质的碱性 亚碱性花岗岩侵位 ,同时还形成了基性岩墙和玄武岩 .据此 ,可以认为中生代大兴安岭的隆升与幔隆背景下深部岩浆上涌密切相关 .这一研究为进一步探讨大兴安岭造山模式奠定了基础 .     

江汉盆地南部热史与下志留统海相烃源岩成熟度演化研究

应用含油气盆地热史模拟系统, 对江汉盆地南部的钻井资料进行了模拟计算, 恢复了研究区的热史和埋藏史. 在此基础上, 正演了下志留统烃源岩成熟度的演化史. 研究结果表明,江汉盆地在印支期(240 Ma)以前处于稳定的低热流(50～55 mW/m²)状态, 印支期后热流开始整体升高. 潜北断裂以北地区的热流在中燕山期(155 Ma)达到峰值(～72 mW/m²), 断裂以南的热流在晚燕山期(40 Ma)达到峰值(～76 mW/m²). 晚喜山期后, 整个研究区的热流快速下降, 盆地开始冷却. 早三叠世末, 下志留统烃源岩在枝江、当阳、沔阳凹陷一带率先进入生油门限, 早侏罗世至早白垩世末烃源岩进入快速增熟期, 成熟度具有北高南低的特征. 晚白垩世末, 烃源岩热演化特征表现为东强西弱. 到了新近纪末, 烃源岩热演化终止. 研究区热史恢复和下志留统烃源岩成熟度演化的研究为合理评估烃源岩生烃量、排烃量和油气资源量提供了科学依据.     

中国东南部晚中生代大规模岩浆作用序幕: J2早期玄武岩

中国东南部在约205~180 Ma之间处于岩浆活动的沉寂期, 在随后的180~170 Ma的中侏罗世早期则出现了小规模岩浆活动, 从而揭开了本区晚中生代大规模长时期岩浆活动的序幕. 在这10 Ma左右的时间段内形成的火山岩, 分布在湘南、湘东南、赣南及闽西南地区, 构成了一条呈近EW向展布的火山岩带. 沿该岩带由内陆向沿海方向, 火山岩的规模逐渐增大, 玄武岩由单独产出过渡到与大量酸性岩类共生, 岩性由碱性变化为拉斑质, 具明显的规律性变化. 对各处玄武岩地球化学特征的研究发现, 沿内陆向沿海方向, 玄武岩原始岩浆的起源深度逐渐变浅, 而源区熔融程度、分离结晶程度以及受陆壳物质混染的程度逐渐增强, 是造成火山岩带地质特征变化的深部制约因素. 在中侏罗世早期, 西向扩张的太平洋板块开始向中国东南大陆俯冲, 并主要以挤压应力作用于中国东南部, 使得本区印支期形成的近EW向断裂重新活化拉张, 并有越靠近沿海, 近EW向断裂重新活化拉张的程度越高的趋势, 从而造成本区软流圈沿断裂拉张带减压上涌的程度自西向东逐渐增强, 并为本期岩浆活动的产生提供了动力源.     

江汉盆地热流史、沉积构造演化与热事件

江汉盆地是我国前新生代海相油气勘探的重要领域之一，为研究海相烃源岩的热演化史提供地热学参数，以镜质体反射率(Ro)为古温标进行热史反演，获得了盆地的热流史.印支运动以前，盆地基底热流为50～55mW/m2；晚印支－早燕山期，热流整体升高；不同构造单元达到最高古热流的时间不同，潜北断裂以北，157Ma左右达到最高古热流（～72 mW/m2），潜北断裂以南，43 Ma左右达到最高古热流（71～76 mW/m2）；晚喜山期，热流迅速降低，盆地快速冷却.盆地热流史和沉积构造演化、岩浆活动热事件的耦合关系表现为:印支运动以前，海相盆地稳定建造阶段为统一的低热流背景，岩浆活动微弱；晚印支－早燕山期，构造活动性增强产生深部热搅动，热流整体升高；中燕山期挤压改造变形阶段热流值的高低受控于岩浆活动热事件的分区表现，盆地基底热流表现为北降南升；晚燕山－早喜山期，陆相伸展盆地建造与叠加改造阶段，岩浆活动热事件的区域特征决定热背景分区；晚喜山期，盆地萎缩，为热流值降低的冷却过程.     

底辟热流体上涌的数值模拟及其对早古生代青藏高原柴北缘祁连弧形成的启示

底辟流是研究地球内部物质循环与迁移的重要窗口,其动力学演化过程对于我们认识区域地质构造与演化具有重要意义.本文从热-结构力学的角度,建立三组不同的数值模型,研究底辟流上涌的动力学过程,分析底辟流半径、热-结构耦合、岩浆上涌通道对底辟流上涌过程的影响.该研究对认识早古生代祁连弧的形成过程具有重要启示.数值实验结果表明,底辟流半径越大底辟上涌速度越快;单个底辟很难直接上涌至上地壳底部,柴达木北缘超高压变质带和岩浆弧可能是由于多个底辟流持续上涌,最终发育稳定岩浆通道形成的,并且岩浆通道的形成对于超高压变质岩石的减压时间以及岩浆弧的形成时间均具有重要影响;具有稳定岩浆通道的单个底辟流从地幔深处90 km上涌至壳幔边界的过程中,在水平方向的侵蚀范围要比垂向侵蚀范围大一倍左右,研究结果表明安第斯型底辟流模型可以很好地描述早古生代柴达木北缘祁连弧的形成过程.     

北京南口—孙河断裂带水热系统特征与成因分析

中低温对流型地热资源在华北地区广泛分布,是一种清洁的替代能源.与活动断裂带相关的水热型地热资源是中低温地热系统的重要组成部分.本文基于高精度重力测量、微动测深及钻孔温度测量等数据,从热源、通道、储层和盖层四个方面探讨了南口—孙河断裂带水热系统特征.低重力异常揭示的燕山期花岗二长岩、闪长岩岩体范围为23.8 km~2和14.3 km~2,放射性测井数据计算得到其生热率均值为3.14μW·m~(-3),侏罗系火山岩生热率均值为1.65μW·m~(-3),隐伏岩体和火山岩均难以构成地热系统的附加热源.重力异常显示南口—孙河断裂带宽度约500~800 m,断裂带切割蓟县系雾迷山组白云岩热储层.钻井温度曲线显示断裂带内水热活动强烈,说明该断裂带是导水、导热的重要通道.断裂带南西侧马池口一带第四系松散层与侏罗系火山岩形成了热储盖层,微动测深显示火山岩最大厚度约1500 m.综上源、通、储、盖四个要素分析,该地热系统为热传导一对流复合型,来自京西北山区的大气降水经远距离径流深循环吸收地层热量后沿南口—孙河断裂上移到达裂隙发育的白云岩地层中形成热水.总之,沿南口—孙河断裂带具备了良好的地热地质条件,可达到规模开采的条件.     

北京平原区西北部大地热流与深部地温分布特征

北京平原区蕴藏着丰富的中-低温水热型地热资源,其西北部分布着小汤山地热田和京西北地热田,两大地热田以南口—孙河断裂带为界.地热田及其外围地区基础的地热地质研究工作较少.为给地热学研究和地热资源精细勘探提供科学依据,本文基于前人23眼钻孔的温度测量数据以及近期完成的548件热导率和100件放射性生热率实测数据,研究了区域大地热流和0~4 km深部地温特征.结果表明：（1）研究区现今地温梯度为11.31~94.89℃·km^-1,平均值为31.79℃·km^-1;岩石热导率为0.895~5.111 W·（m·K）^-1,放射性生热率为0.257~2.305 μW·m^-3,大地热流为48.1~99.1 mW·m^-2,平均值为68.3 mW·m^-2,热流的分布受基底形态和断裂构造控制.研究区东部南口—孙河断裂带两侧小汤山和郑各庄地区为高热流异常区,中部马池口地区也存在局部高热流异常区.（2）在南口—孙河断裂带的不同位置,不同深度地层温度差异明显,体现出区域现今地温场不只受控于该活动断裂,更是多期次构造事件复合叠加的结果.（3）南口—孙河断裂带南侧存在两处有意义的较高地温异常区,分别为郑各庄异常区和马池口异常区,其中马池口异常区是未来地热开发利用有一定潜力的地区.     

Seismic image of the Mount Spurr magmatic system

 The three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure of Mount Spurr is determined to depths of 10 km by tomographic inversion of 3,754 first-arriving P-wave times from local earthquakes recorded by a permanent network of 11 seismographs. Results show a prominent low-velocity zone extending from the surface to 3–4 km below sea level beneath the southeastern flank of Crater Peak, spatially coincident with a geothermal system. P-wave velocities in this low-velocity zone are approximately 20% slower than those in the shallow crystalline basement rocks. Beneath Crater Peak an approximately 3-km-wide zone of relative low velocities correlates with a near-vertical band of seismicity, suggestive of a magmatic conduit. No large low-velocity zone indicative of a magma chamber occurs within the upper 10 km of the crust. These observations are consistent with petrologic and geochemical studies suggesting that Crater Peak magmas originate in the lower crust or upper mantle and have a short residence time in the shallow crust. Earthquakes relocated using the three-dimensional velocity structure correlate well with surface geology and other geophysical observations; thus, they provide additional constraints on the kinematics of the Mount Spurr magmatic system. Received: 4 December 1997 / Accepted: 27 February 1998     

穿越东沙隆起和潮汕坳陷的OBS广角地震剖面

为了探明南海中北部陆缘深部地壳结构,使用2D射线追踪正演和反演方法,拟合了一条南海中北部陆缘的OBS广角地震剖面(OBS2006-3).该剖面穿越东沙隆起和潮汕坳陷,长319 km,NNW-SSE走向,共投放海底地震仪14台.速度结构模型表明:潮汕坳陷存在巨厚的中生代沉积,最大厚度达到8 km,速度从顶部的4.4 km...     

Structure and development of the lower crust and upper mantle of Southwestern Japan: Evidence from petrology of deep-seated xenoliths

Abstract Basic and ultrabasic xenoliths included in Cenozoic alkali basalts from the Kibi and Sera plateaus, Southwest Japan, can be classified into five groups on the basis of mineral association and texture. Their equilibration P-T conditions estimated from paragenesis and mineral chemistry indicate that the dominant rock type from the lower crust to upper mantle changes with increasing depth as follows: (i) pyroxene granulite (Group V) and meta-sediments; (ii) garnet gabbro (Group 111) and corundum anorthosite (Group IV); (iii) spinel pyroxenite (Group 11); and (iv) spinel peridotite and pyroxenite (Group I). Groups I1 and I11 show a lower degree of recrystallization than Groups I and V, and have similarities in composition and mineral chemistry to host basalts. Based on these facts along with the P-T conditions of equilibration, Groups I1 and I11 are interpreted as formed from basaltic magma that intruded beneath the crust-mantle boundary at an early stage of the magmatism of the alkali basalts, where the lower crust and uppermost mantle had consisted of Group V and metasediments, and Group I, respectively. It follows that the crust has grown downward due to underplating of basaltic magma beneath the bottom of pre-existing crust. Group IV has commonly the same mineral assemblage, corundum + calcic plagioclase + aluminous spinel, and shows locally, nearby kyanite crystals, almost the same texture as fine-grained aggregates in a quartzite xenolith. The aggregates appear to have been formed by reaction between kyanite and host basalt, and accordingly Group IV is interpreted as formed by reaction between metasediments and basaltic magma at the time of the underplating. The Kibi, Sera and Tsuyama areas are distinguished from the areas nearby the Sea of Japan by the occurrence of the garnet gabbro and corundum anorthosite xenoliths, by the absence of the association of olivine + plagioclase in basic and ultrabasic xenoliths, and by the lower temperature of equilibration of basic xenoliths. From these facts it is stressed that in general the crust becomes thinner and geothermal gradient becomes higher towards the back-arc side. Such a regional variation in crustal structure must reflect the tectonic situation of Southwest Japan at the time of the magmatism of the alkali basalts, namely rifting and shallow-level magmatism at the back-arc side.     

Geochronological Significance of the Post-Orogenic Mafic- Ultramafic Rocks in the Hongqiling Area of Jilin Province, Northeast China

INTRODUCTIONThe mafic-ultramafic complexesinthe Hongqilingarea were emplacedintothe metamorphic rocksof the Hulan Group. Age determination of the intrusion and metamorphism of the Hulan Groupmetamorphic rocks is crucial for the study of petrogenesis and evolution, orogenesis and itsdevelopment of the region. However ,so far it has been difficult to determine the geochronology ofmafic-ultramafic rocks inthe area ,thusthe age obtainedfromprevious data hadto be used.Inrecentyears ,withthe …     

准噶尔盆地大地热流特征与岩石圈热结构

沉积盆地现今大地热流和岩石圈热结构特征是岩石圈构造-热演化过程的综合反映和盆地热史恢复的约束条件,对盆地动力学研究和油气资源评价具有重要意义.作者系统分析了准噶尔盆地2000年以来新增的102口钻孔的系统测井温度和400余口钻孔的试油温度资料,采用光学扫描法测试了15口钻孔共187块代表性岩石热导率,首次建立了准噶尔盆地岩石热导率柱,新增了11个高质量的(A类)大地热流数据,分析了准噶尔盆地大地热流分布特征,并揭示了其岩石圈热结构.研究表明,准噶尔盆地现今地温梯度介于 11.6~27.6℃/km,平均21.3±3.7℃/km,大地热流介于23.4~56.1 mW/m²,平均42.5±7.4 mW/m²,表现为低地温梯度、低大地热流的"冷"盆特征.准噶尔盆地大地热流与地温梯度分布规律基本一致,主要受控于基底的构造形态,东部隆起最高,陆梁隆起次之,乌伦古坳陷、中央坳陷和西部隆起较低,北天山山前坳陷最低.准噶尔盆地地壳热流介于18.8~26.0 mW/m²,地幔热流介于16.5~23.7 mW/m²,壳幔热流比值介于0.79~1.58,属于典型的"冷壳冷幔"型热结构.准噶尔盆地地幔热流值与莫霍面起伏一致,隆起区地幔热流高,坳陷区地幔热流低.     

Petrogenesis of the Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Tongling area,Anhui Province,China and their constraint on geodynamic process

TheTonglingarea,whichiscalledtheChineseCopperCapital,isoneofthemostimportantnon-ferrousmetalproducersinChina(e.g.Cu,AuandAg,especiallyCu).ManyresearchershavenotedthatthemetaldepositsarecloselyrelatedtotheMesozoicintrusiverocksinthisarea.Therefore,theTongl…     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of the intrusives in the Tongling metallogenic cluster and its dynamic setting

This paper selected five typical Mesozoic intrusives from the Tongling metallogenic cluster (Xiaotongguanshan, Fenghuangshan, Xinqiao, Dongguashan, and Shatanjiao plutons), and made a systemic SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating for the five plutons, which produced an age range of 151.8±2.6- 142.8±1.8 Ma. This work put an accurate constraint on the formation age of the intrusives in the Tongling metallogenic cluster. These age data indicate that magmatic activity reached a peak during Late Jurassic. The intrusive sequence of magma is generally from quartz monzonite (porphyry) through monzonite to granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite to pyroxene monzodiorite to gabbro-diabase. The intrusives of different lithology differed in crystallization age, probably implying the intrusives in the Tongling area underwent an evolutional process of magma, which was closely related to geodynamical setting in the depths of the area. A dynamic model was presented for the origin of the igneous rocks in the study area as follows. The assembly between the Yangtze craton and the North China craton fini- shed at the end of T3, and then the stage of another compressional orogeny began in the Tongling area, i.e., Pacific dynamic system. Along with the subduction of the Izanagi plate underneath the Eurasian plate at J2-J3, NW-trending compression toward the East China continent was produced, and compres- sional deformation also took place, forming NE-trending fold and resulting in thickening of the crust in the Tongling area. High-density eclogite-facies rocks were produced in the low part of the crust, re- sulting in the delamination of mantle lithosphere and lower crust, and upwelling of materials in as- thenosphere. Decompression melting produced basaltic magma, and the materials in lower crust were heated by the underplating of the basaltic magma. Thus, melting of lower crust yielded granitic magma, which intruded along deep and large faults through various geological processes (J3-K1). The SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of 151.8±2.6-142.8±1.8 Ma for intrusives in the Tongling area suggests that the de- lamination of lithosphere mantle and lower crust at least began at middle-late stage of Late Jurassic, resulting in sharp thinning of lithosphere and intense extension of middle-upper crust. Thus, a lot of decollements were produced between cover and cover, basement and cover, and middle and lower crust. This was structural layering or detachment of lithosphere in the Tongling area. Three concordant ages for old inherited cores of magmatic origin (747-823 Ma) indicated that there were obvious mag- matism in the Tongling area during Neoproterozoic, and a little more of the Neoproterozoic igneous source rocks participated in the formation of Mesozoic intrusives.     

Numerical modeling of the formation of Indo-Sinian peraluminous granitoids in Hunan Province: Basaltic underplating versus tectonic thickening

The genesis of Indo-Sinian granitic plutons with peraluminous and potassium-rich affini-ties from Hunan Province, China has been investigated by numerical modeling using the numericalcode FLAC. On the basis of the regional geological evolution in South China, we employed a real-istic numerical model in an attempt to unravel the influences of basaltic underplating and tectoniccrustal thickening on the crustal anatexis. Heat production derived from basaltic underplating (e.g.ca. 220 Ma gabbro xenoliths) can result in dehydration melting of fluid-bearing minerals in crustalrocks such as gneisses and metapelites, but its effect is limited in a relatively short time span (5-15 Ma) and on a small scale, Accordingly, it is very difficult for basaltic underplating to generate thelarge-scale Indo-Sinian granitic bathliths unless voluminous mafic magmas had been underplatedat the lower/middle crust during this period. Alternatively, crustal thickening induced by tectoniccompression can also lead to geothermal elevation, during which the temperature at the boundarybetween lower and middle crusts can be up to or greater than 700℃, triggering dehydration melt-ing of muscovite in gneiss and metapelite. The proportion of melts from muscovite-induced dehy-dration melting is close to critical melt percentage (≥20%) once the thickening factor reaches 1.3.These melts can be effectively transferred to the crust-level magma chamber and form large-scalegranitic batholiths. In combination with the Indo-Sinian convergent tectonic setting in South Chinaas well as sparse outcrops of contemporary mafic igneous rocks, we consider that tectonic crustalthickening is likely to be the predominant factor controlling the formation of the Indo-Sinian per-aluminous and potassium-rich granitoids in Hunan Province.