华北克拉通金伯利岩型金刚石矿床含矿性判别

金伯利岩型金刚石原生矿床含矿性评价是了解金刚石成矿规律和指导区域性找矿的重要依据。华北克拉通是我国重要的金刚石成矿远景区,目前已发现了两个重要的含金刚石金伯利岩岩区（山东蒙阴和辽宁瓦房店）。近年来,对岩区内不同品位金刚石典型矿床的研究表明金伯利岩中的金刚石品位取决于以下两个重要的地质过程：金伯利岩岩浆对金刚石的捕获作用和金伯利岩岩浆对金刚石的熔蚀作用。在华北克拉通下方存在一个金刚石稳定区,温度为950~1200 ℃,压力为4. 4~6. 1 GPa。山东蒙阴和辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩岩浆在上升过程中穿过该区域并捕获其中的金刚石,成为含矿岩浆;而铁岭和鹤县等金伯利岩岩浆在上升过程中不穿过该区域,成为不含矿岩浆。在穿过金刚石稳定区时,富矿的金伯利岩捕获了更多的金刚石以及金刚石的伴生指示矿物（如镁铝榴石,镁铬铁矿）;而贫矿的金伯利岩则相对捕获了少量的金刚石和指示矿物。这些指示矿物往往参加了金刚石的形成过程,有些作为缓冲剂控制了反应（岩浆或熔体）的氧化还原状态,有些则作为反应物或者生成物参与到反应中。部分指示矿物（如镁铝榴石）还进一步地记录了金刚石形成后金伯利岩岩浆对金刚石的交代作用。金伯利岩岩浆温度（T）,氧逸度（fO2）和挥发份(H2O和CO2)均会对金刚石的熔蚀作用产生影响,其中氧逸度作用最大,温度次之,而挥发份作用最弱。在华北克拉通,金伯利岩中指示矿物（镁铝榴石、镁铬铁矿）和金伯利岩岩浆特征（温度,氧逸度和挥发份）共同组成了金伯利岩型金刚石原生矿的评价指标。     

多期岩浆侵入事件对长昌凹陷烃源岩热演化的影响

最新研究表明长昌凹陷发育多期岩浆侵入事件。针对多期岩浆侵入事件对长昌凹陷烃源岩热演化的影响尚不明确的问题,文章依据最新地震、地化、钻井等资料,利用地震相技术在凹陷内识别出9个四期岩浆侵入体;在此基础上,运用三维盆地模拟技术对岩浆侵入事件进行热模拟,定量评价多期岩浆侵入事件对凹陷内烃源岩热演化影响。模拟结果表明,岩浆侵入体对烃源岩热演化有促进,但影响范围有限,岩浆体规模与其影响范围有如下规律：岩浆体直径小于2 km,对烃源岩热演化影响范围的半径小于2 km;岩浆体直径大于2 km而小于5 km,影响范围半径小于5 km;岩浆体直径大于10 km而小于20 km,影响范围半径小于16 km。因此长昌凹陷烃源岩主体热演化基本不受岩浆侵入事件的影响,且其可能带来非烃充注风险。结合岩浆侵入体对研究区两口钻井影响的分析,厘定长昌凹陷生烃门限为海底以下2300~2500 m。这些研究为凹陷下一步油气勘探奠定了基础。     

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩内二长岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其意义

山西临县紫金山杂岩主要由深成相岩瘤、浅成相岩墙和岩基、喷出相熔岩和火山角砾岩等岩石单元组成。对该杂岩体内的浅成相次透辉二长岩、霞辉正长岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS原位U-Pb同位素测年。结果显示,次透辉二长岩锆石边部U-Pb年龄加权平均值为(136.7±6.5)Ma,Th/U比值0.781～2.559,明显呈三段性,表明岩浆同化混染过程中岩浆成分变化的岩浆混合过程信息;锆石核部U-Pb年龄加权平均值为(1937±37)Ma,Th/U比值为0.339～0.669,显示岩浆成因特征;(霓)霞(次透)辉正长岩的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(137±2.7)Ma,Th/U比值1.484～5.0,反映岩浆富Th且与二长岩互补的特征,揭示出这2期岩浆之间存在有限混合现象。2个样品年龄均显示紫金山碱性杂岩体最早的二长岩与霞辉正长岩浆活动在早白垩世。二长岩的2个孤点年龄(222±4)Ma和(323±3)Ma可能代表了霓霞钛辉岩、正霞正长岩及白霞正长岩包体岩石岩浆底侵的年龄。     

西藏冈底斯造山带几乎同时形成的两套埃达克岩为什么一套含矿一套不含矿？

野外地质调查结合锆石U-Pb年龄测定和岩石化学成分分析,发现西藏冈底斯碰撞造山带晚中新世发育两套埃达克岩.一套呈NS向岩墙产出,锫石U-Pb-LAICP-MS年龄为15.6～16.8 Ma,地球化学上以富Na2O、贫K2O、Sr/Y比值高为特点,不含矿;另一套呈岩株产出,锆石 U-Pb SHRIMP 年龄为14.0～15.3 Ma,地球化学上以富K2O、贫NaO、Sr/Y比值低为特点,伴随着大规模的斑岩型铜钼矿化.两套埃达克岩都高度富集大离子不相容元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Sr、Pb,强烈亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti,反映出俯冲组分对岩浆源区的明显影响,具备岛弧岩浆作用的基本特征.比较而言,含矿埃达克岩更富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb,而不含矿埃达克岩更富集Sr;不含矿埃达克岩的高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti亏损更加强烈,Zr、Hf相对富集.两套埃达克岩都是形成于碰撞后地壳伸展的同一地球动力学背景下,其岩石地球化学差异主要与岩浆源区有关.研究表明,含矿埃达克岩的岩浆源区较浅,位于下地壳底部,参与岩浆作用的俯冲组分以沉积物熔体为主,岩浆的氧化性较强,并且经历了更多的分异过程.不含矿埃达克岩的岩浆源区较深,位于岩石圈地幔上部,参与源区岩浆作用的俯冲组分主要是板片流体,岩浆氧化性较低,岩浆分异过程较少.两套埃达克岩含矿与不含矿的原因包含了源区物质组成和岩浆生成条件两方面的差异.     

新疆尾亚地区石英二长闪长岩的岩浆混合成因

新疆东天山的尾亚钒钛磁铁矿矿区,在花岗岩中含有大量闪长岩包体,而且花岗岩与闪长岩相互包裹、渗透,并在花岗岩与闪长岩接触带形成二者混合的产物——岩浆混合岩。通过野外特征、岩相学和矿物成分对比,发现矿区中部的石英二长闪长(斑)岩体与岩浆混合岩完全相同,表明该岩体系岩浆混合成因。各类参与岩浆混合作用岩石的岩相学和矿物学表现出典型的岩浆混合作用特征。矿物不平衡组构主要有:钾长石的更长环斑结构、斑晶的环边结构、针状磷灰石发育、暗色矿物的聚晶团块、岩浆混合岩中出现钾长石"变晶"等等。各类岩石中斜长石和角闪石的主要氧化物成分对SiO_2(%)表现出类似全岩哈克图解的线性关系。主要造岩矿物的化学成分以及钾长石巨晶的化学成分剖面,反映出本区岩浆混合作用有化学混合的参与。黑云母的化学成分表明,本区岩浆混合为以壳慢混源为基础的混合作用。     

辽东金伯利岩成因研究的某些进展

金伯利岩成因是国内外许多学者一直探讨的课题.笔者通过对辽东半岛南部金伯利岩的研究表明:金伯利岩岩浆的形成是包括熔融作用在内的多种地质作用的综合结果.控制金伯利岩岩浆形成的主体作用是地幔(这种地幔具亏损和富集地幔的双重特征)的部分熔融,对于含矿性越贫的岩体,其金伯利岩岩浆就存在越强烈的结晶分离作用和地幔易熔组分的萃取作用.金伯利岩岩浆形成的深度可以通过金伯利岩中最高Cr_2O_3含量的石榴石,按照关系式p(GPa)=0.32612Cr_2O_3((?),%)+0.9278(r=0.9958)来估算.本文把岩浆温度、氧逸度、粘度、密度、上升速度及裂隙宽度的估算引入金伯利岩.金伯利岩浆是按底辟—裂隙模式形成和上侵的.     

蒙阴金伯利岩中钙钛矿的微组构及其地质意义

为探讨蒙阴地区金伯利岩岩浆的演化过程及其对金刚石含矿性的影响,利用扫描电镜与电子探针对该区金伯利岩中钙钛矿的微组构进行了研究。结果表明,钙钛矿的结晶普遍晚于铬铁矿,部分和铬铁矿同时生长;钙钛矿受金伯利岩岩浆后期的熔蚀,形成普遍的正环带;贫矿岩管和富矿岩管中钙钛矿的元素组成有较为明显的差别,其所对应的氧逸度具有不同的变化规律与数值。钙钛矿在岩浆后期易蚀变成TiO_2(金红石或者锐钛矿)、榍石及含锰钛铁矿等。由此看来,蒙阴地区的金伯利岩岩浆在成分上受到了较为明显的改变,其演化过程是相当复杂的。     

安徽铜陵角闪石堆积岩锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物化学及其对深部岩浆作用的启示

长江中下游铜陵地区晚中生代岩浆活动强烈,壳幔互动频繁,此期间形成的岩体中含有大量角闪石巨晶和堆积岩,已有研究表明它们是底侵至下地壳的幔源岩浆在下地壳岩浆房中的演化产物。本次研究首次从角闪石堆积岩中分离出了岩浆锆石,并对其和寄主岩的锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。测年数据表明,堆积岩和其寄主岩的形成年龄值分别为144.67±0.41 Ma(MSWD=0.25)和137.27±0.41 Ma(MSWD=0.25)。堆积岩中锆石的发现一方面证实了区内下地壳岩浆房中的岩浆活动,另一方面限制了铜陵地区中生代幔源岩浆底侵以及壳幔相互作用的时代。角闪石矿物化学分析结果表明它们均为具较高Al_2O_3(13.52%～13.81%)、TiO_2(2.63%～2.98%)含量的韭闪石和镁绿钙闪石,但其较低的Cr(1.78×10~(-6)～3.12×10~(-6))、Ni(21.55×10~(-6)～26.10×10~(-6))含量和Mg值(68～69),暗示其非形成于原生幔源岩浆。综合分析认为,铜陵地区下地壳深位岩浆房中的岩浆可能为一套经历了一定演化的富水玄武—安山质岩浆,角闪石是其最后的主要晶出相。     

江西横峰县港边岩浆混合杂岩体岩石学研究及其…

对我国港边岩浆混合杂岩体进行系统的地质学、岩石学和矿物学研究，并将其分解为偏酸性端夺浆、基性端元岩浆、混合岩浆和非岩浆混合物４个单元，从不同的角度探讨了岩事和分离结晶作用同时发生对岩浆混合岩成分的制约，提出存在化学和机械两种岩交混合方式，证明了它们与基性岩侵放一起构成一个连续的岩交作用序列，最天野外造背景的判别综合提出港边港混合杂岩体的构造－岩浆模型。     

华北地台金伯利岩岩浆活动时代讨论

华北地台金伯利岩岩浆活动可分为三个时期：（１）中元古代金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩岩浆活动期，以鄂尔多斯陆核边缘山西阳高岩区为代表（１６４９～１８１１Ｍａ）；（２）古生代金伯利岩岩浆活动，以冀鲁辽陆核边缘的铁岭岩区、中部的复县和蒙阴岩区为代表（含矿金伯利岩，４５７～４６２Ｍａ）；（３）中～新生代金伯利岩岩浆活动时期，以鹤壁和涉县岩区为代表（１１７～５２Ｍａ）。含矿金伯利岩岩浆活动与华北地台中奥陶世晚期的造陆抬升作用有关。这类岩浆形成时必须处于克拉通岩石圈底部有小的热扰动以及流体作用的条件，而过高的地温梯度反而起到破坏金刚石保存的作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of