准噶尔东北缘喀拉安-恰库尔特一带晚古生代火山岩地球化学特征及构造意义

准噶尔北缘喀拉安-恰库尔特一带晚古生代火山岩十分发育,泥盆系卓木巴斯套组为一套海相火山沉积体系钙碱性系列火山岩、石炭系巴塔玛依内山组为陆相火山喷发体系碱性系列火山岩、二叠系哈尔加乌组为陆相火山-沉积体系亚碱性系列的火山岩。卓木巴斯套组无明显的Ti负异常,加上其大离子亲石元素富集的特点,说明其为岛弧发展后期地壳增厚的产物;巴塔玛依内山组高场强元素的亏损,大离子亲石元素的富集,暗示了其典型的消减带特征,但其缺乏明显的Ce负异常,推测其为弧后盆地环境;据哈尔加乌组地球化学特征,强不相容元素的富集,Nb,Ta和Ti的负异常较明显,推测其产生在裂谷环境。本文在对研究区晚古生代火山岩地质、地球化学特征等研究基础上,判断研究区早泥盆世为俯冲阶段的岛弧环境,晚石炭世为弧后盆地环境,二叠纪为造山后的拉张环境。     

准噶尔盆地东部北三台地区石炭系火山岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

准噶尔盆地北三台地区钻井岩心获得的巴塔玛依内山组火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩和英安岩及部分火山碎屑岩组成。地球化学研究结果显示,火山岩为低TiO₂、高Na₂O的钙碱性系列,具低到中度轻、重稀土分馏的谱型,相对富集大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素,明显亏损Nb和Ta、富集Pb;由基性到中酸性火山岩。Sr、Ti和P的亏损逐渐增大,证明是与大洋俯冲相关的岛弧环境同源岩浆演化的产物。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分别获得安山岩和英安岩325～321Ma和310 Ma的形成年龄,结合前人同层位获得基性火山岩300 Ma的形成年龄认为,准噶尔洋在盆地东部的俯冲作用一直延续至晚石炭世,大洋闭合可能发生在晚石炭世末期。     

东准噶尔巴塔玛依内山组火成岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

以东准噶尔双井子地区巴塔玛依内山组和石钱滩组剖面为研究对象,通过岩矿鉴定、地球化学分析、锆石U-Pb定年和牙形刺挑选等方法,对巴塔玛依内山组和石钱滩组的年代学特征进行了研究。结果表明,巴塔玛依内山组火山岩的形成时间始于348. 7±2. 9Ma,318. 7±4. 2Ma之后结束,侵入岩的形成时间为255. 9±3. 5Ma,这些样品中普遍含有捕获锆石,这些锆石具有岩浆锆石的特征,年龄介于早石炭世杜内期和前寒武纪之间(354. 7～971. 2Ma),与盆地周边发育的岛弧火成岩和蛇绿岩年龄相仿,此外在石钱滩组灰岩内得到4颗牙形刺化石,分属于2个属,分别为Idiognathodus和Streptognathodus。以此为基础,通过搜集整理前人数据,得到如下结论:(1)巴塔玛依内山组火山岩地层是穿时的,从早石炭世到晚石炭世连续发育,形成时间介于348. 7±2. 9Ma～300. 4±1. 3Ma之间;(2)巴塔玛依内山组上部的石钱滩组形成于318. 7±4. 2Ma之后的晚石炭世;(3)卡拉麦里蛇绿岩所代表的准噶尔洋盆闭合时间在晚泥盆世法门期和348. 7Ma之间;(4)准噶尔盆地基底可能由岛弧和洋壳组成,且存在前寒武纪基底。本研究旨在确定巴塔玛依内山组和石钱滩组地层时代,并为卡拉麦里洋闭合时限以及盆地基底性质等问题的解决提供依据。     

东准噶尔奥依托浪格地区原三塘湖组陆相火山岩地层的重新厘定与解体

笔者通过岩性组合与岩相组合对比研究、SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年与化石年代学研究等手段,认为东准噶尔奥依托浪格地区原三塘湖组陆相火山岩应重新厘定为巴塔玛依内山组,并建议将这套准噶尔盆地东北缘广泛分布的陆相火山岩根据地质时代解体为巴塔玛依内山组与三塘湖组,三塘湖组仅代表早二叠纪陆相火山岩。年代学研究表明:奥依托浪格地区巴塔玛依内山组年龄具有穿时性,下段年龄为(335.6±6.5)Ma,上段年龄为(320.5±7.1)Ma,属早石炭世晚期到晚石炭世,解决了巴塔玛依内山组长久以来的下、上石炭统之争。综合研究认为:这套陆相火山岩属于东准噶尔构造带自西向东链式缝合背景下的构造-岩浆活动,残余洋盆消失至陆相火山活动开启,同时受到西侧拉张环境与东侧岛弧环境的影响。奥依托浪格地区巴塔玛依内山组火山机构、构造、喷发间歇期发育,具有石油地质意义。     

新疆东准格尔纸房东地区奥尔吐组的厘定及火山岩形成时代

新疆纸房东地区出露一套火山岩,其形成时代缺乏年代学依据,地层单元划分也存在争议。文章采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得新疆纸房东地区火山岩成岩年龄为304±4.0 Ma,属晚石炭世。该套火山岩地层不整合于早石炭世条山群(C1T)或姜巴斯套组(C1j)之上,被早侏罗世八道湾组(J1b)不整合覆盖,地层中产晚石炭世芦木类化石Calamites undulatus sternberg。该地层以陆源碎屑岩为主,偶夹少量英安岩及英安质角砾凝灰岩,而早石炭世巴塔玛依内山组(C1b)发育基性火山岩,夹极少量陆源碎屑岩,火山岩形成于早石炭世。该套火山岩与巴塔玛依内山组火山岩在岩性组合、喷发特征及形成时代方面均具有明显差异,因此,本文将该套火山岩地层重新厘定为晚石炭世奥尔吐组(C2o)。     

东准噶尔奥依托浪格地区石炭纪双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

本文对东准噶尔造山带三塘湖盆地西北缘奥依托浪格地区石炭纪巴塔玛依内山组进行了火山岩地质、岩相学、地球化学特征研究,并结合相关年代学成果,探讨了火山岩成因、形成环境与东准噶尔造山带构造演化。研究认为：该区石炭纪巴塔玛依内山组火山岩具明显的陆相火山岩、双峰式火山岩特征,岩石组合基性端元以玄武岩为主,酸性端元为珍珠岩、英安岩;主量元素特征显示基性端元为钙碱—碱性性质,酸性端元珍珠岩、英安岩分别属于碱性、拉斑性质;微量元素特征显示基性端元相对富集Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Th、Nb、Nd等高场强元素（HFSE）,酸性端元强烈亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Sm、Ti等元素,富集K元素;稀土元素显示两端元均为轻稀土元素（LREE）相对富集、重稀土元素（HREE）相对亏损特征;珍珠岩主、微量元素特征与整体具有明显差异。综合研究表明：该双峰式火山岩基性端元来源于地幔岩的部分熔融,酸性端元英安岩来源于基性端元的分离结晶作用,珍珠岩则来源于下地壳的部分熔融;地球动力学背景为俯冲洋壳的拆沉作用,造成软流圈热源上涌,引发地幔岩的部分熔融与岩石圈的伸展减薄,进而诱发下地壳镁铁质岩的减压熔融;构造环境为后碰撞伸展阶段晚期,并指示了板块链式缝合的特点。     

准噶尔南缘古生代晚期盆山关系:阿尔巴萨依组火山岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年及岩石地球化学限定

准噶尔盆地南缘沿巴音沟蛇绿岩带北侧发育一套晚古生代(原下二叠统)阿尔巴萨依组中基性、酸性火山岩夹火山碎屑岩.采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年方法,对其中流纹岩进行定年,得到年龄为307.2±1.3Ma(MSWD=1.2),表明原定为早二叠世的阿尔巴萨依组火山岩的确切喷发时间为晚石炭世.地球化学分析表明,阿尔巴萨依组火山岩为钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土(LREE),轻重稀土有一定程度的分馏,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,流纹岩有Ba、Sr、P、Eu、Ti的异常.阿尔巴萨依组火山岩的εNd (t)值在+4.21～+7.79之间,显示源区富集特征.晚石炭世阿尔巴萨依组火山岩、火山碎屑岩与后碰撞A型花岗岩在岩石学、地球化学特征方面相似,表明两者应有相似的构造背景,都为后碰撞伸展环境.阿尔巴萨依组还发育一套火山沉积地层,表明准噶尔南缘沉积作用在晚石炭世已经开始,开始沉积盆地的类型应为伸展断陷盆地.     

新疆伊吾县绿源金矿地质特征及成因初探

绿源金矿位于准噶尔微板块东部三塘湖晚古生代弧间盆地内,为近年来新发现的小型金矿床。该金矿床产于上石炭统巴塔玛依内山组陆相火山岩NE向断裂构造带中,局部地段金矿层较富集。通过矿床地质特征对比研究分析,初步认为该矿床成因类型属浅成低温热液型金矿床,找矿前景较好。     

东准噶尔纸房地区晚石炭世巴塔玛依内山组陆相火山-沉积体系特征

东准噶尔巴塔玛依内山组是典型陆相火山．沉积体系(盆地)，主体由基性及中酸性火山熔岩组成，火山碎屑岩及火山碎屑沉积岩较少，通过对纸房地区晚石炭世巴塔玛依内山组陆相火山岩的岩石化学、地球化学特征进行系统研究，认为它属于造山期后固结初期，新陆壳裂谷向高原火山岩演化的同岩浆源、同沉积盆地、同火山作用的钙碱系列双峰式火山岩．     

双井子地区圆丰铜矿特征及找矿意义

1 地质背景 圆丰铜矿位于准噶尔板块克拉麦里晚古生代复合沟弧带中.区域上出露地层主要为志留系、中泥盆统、上泥盆统松喀尔苏组、下石炭统塔木岗组,南明水组,巴塔玛依内山组、中石炭统双井子组、下二叠统赤底组、上二叠统平地泉组.其中与成矿有关的是上泥盆统松喀尔苏组,岩性以中基性火山碎屑岩为主夹碎屑岩.区内侵入岩发育,岩石类型齐全,以酸性浅成-超浅成侵入岩为主.形成于晚泥盆世—早石炭世的浅成霏细斑岩和斜长花岗斑岩与铜矿化有关. 2 成矿地质条件 2.1 地层 矿区主要出露上泥盆统松喀尔苏组第四、第六岩性段.铜矿分布于第四岩性…     

Late Paleozoic volcanic record of the Eastern Junggar terrane, Xinjiang, Northwestern China: Major and trace element characteristics, Sr–Nd isotopic systematics and implications for tectonic evolution

The Eastern Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt includes a Late Paleozoic assemblage of volcanic rocks of mixed oceanic and arc affinity, located in a structurally complex belt between the Siberian plate, the Kazakhstan block, and the Tianshan Range. The early history of these rocks is not well constrained, but the Junggar terrane was part of a Cordilleran-style accreted arc assemblage by the Late Carboniferous. Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the northern part of the east Junggar terrane are divided, from base to top, into the Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Formation (Fm.), Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm., Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm., Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Fm. and Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. We present major element, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of 64 (ultra)mafic to intermediate volcanic rock samples of these formations. All Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies on the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams, and are enriched in more highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones. Furthermore, they have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, and their Zr/Nb and Sm/Nd ratios resemble those of MORBs, characteristics of arc-related volcanic rocks. The Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Fm., Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., and Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. are characterized by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities. In contrast, the Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. contains a large amount of tuff and sandstone, and its volcanic rocks have dominantly calc-alkaline affinities. We therefore propose that the Jiangzierkuduke Fm. formed in a mature island arc setting, and other Devonian Fms. formed in an immature island arc setting. The basalts from the Nanmingshui Fm. have geochemical signatures between N-MORB and island arcs, indicating that they formed in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the Batamayineishan Fm. display geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting after collision. Thus, we propose a model that involves a volcanic arc formed by northward subduction of the ancient Junggar ocean and amalgamation of different terranes during the Late Paleozoic to interpret the formation of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Junggar terrane, and the Altai and Junggar terranes fully amalgamated into a Cordilleran-type orogen during the end of Early Carboniferous to the Middle–Late Carboniferous.     

东准噶尔南缘两套泥盆纪火山岩地球化学特征对比及其地质意义

东准噶尔一直以来都是研究新疆北部古生代洋陆格局和构造演化热点地区之一.前人对东准噶尔南缘火山岩的研究较为薄弱, 关注点多在石炭纪火山岩源区及构造属性上, 对泥盆纪火山岩构造背景和岩浆演化过程缺乏认识.对卡拉麦里蛇绿岩北侧的泥盆系北塔山组和乌鲁巴斯套组火山岩的岩石学、地球化学和年代学特征进行了详细研究, 结果表明:卡拉麦里北塔山组火山岩形成于早泥盆世晚期-中泥盆世早期(404 Ma), 具中-高钾、中钛、中铁和低铝的特征, 微量元素显示其富集LREE、LILE和亏损Nb、Ta, 推测其形成于洋壳俯冲的陆缘弧环境, 源区为受过俯冲沉积物熔体和流体交代的亏损地幔楔; 而莫钦乌拉中泥盆统乌鲁巴斯套组火山岩具贫碱、低钾、低钛、高铝等特征, 显示为典型的岛弧火山岩特征, 同位素和微量元素特征显示其来源于俯冲消减板片流体交代的亏损地幔楔.综合两套火山岩的差异特征和区域地质背景, 推测中泥盆纪卡拉麦里洋北向俯冲经历了由陆缘弧到岛弧的转变过程.      

新疆卡拉麦里上-中泥盆统间角度不整合和346.8 Ma后碰撞火山岩的意义

在东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区的五彩湾一带出露一套具磨拉石特征的火山沉积建造, 下部为具磨拉石特征的砾岩、砂岩, 上部为一套中基性的火山熔岩夹中酸性的火山凝灰岩.1:20万卡拉麦里山幅将其归入下石炭统松喀尔苏组.通过1:5万地质调查研究发现, 该火山沉积建造底部以一套粗砾岩高角度不整合于下-中泥盆统卡拉麦里组之上, 含晚泥盆世植物化石Prelepidodendron sp.(先鳞木), 中上部火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为346.8±3.3 Ma, 且被年龄为341.1±4.0 Ma~340.9±5.1 Ma后碰撞花岗岩侵入, 表明其形成时代为晚泥盆世-早石炭世, 时代上对应于北准噶尔地层分区的上泥盆统克安库都克组.该套地层中上部的火山岩的岩石组合为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、夹少量的流纹质凝灰岩, 岩石化学特征上属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列, (La/Yb)_N=2.97~6.66, Nb、Ta亏损, 部分样品Zr、Ti弱显亏损, Nb/U、Ce/Pb比值分别为7.43~20.88、3.17~12.45.地球化学特征表明其兼具板内火山岩和弧火山岩的某些特点, 形成于后碰撞伸展环境, 是卡拉麦里洋盆于晚泥盆世之前闭合后后碰撞岩浆活动的产物.这一研究成果对广为关注的卡拉麦里洋盆的闭合时间进行了很好的限定.      

皖南屯溪盆地火山岩的地球化学、年代学及其构造意义

安徽南部侏罗至白垩纪屯溪盆地位于NE向中下扬子火山岩带和NNE向中国东南部火山岩带的交接部位,其火山岩的年代学和成因研究可以提供华南晚中生代构造演化的信息。4个火山岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其岩石地球化学数据指示屯溪盆地发育两期火山岩:早期火山岩形成于156~152 Ma,为中、高钾钙碱性系列,稀土元素分布型式为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,铕负异常不明显,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti、P;晚期火山岩形成于136~130 Ma,具有双峰式火山岩特征,其酸性组分属中钾钙碱性系列,稀土元素分布型式为右倾斜的"V"型,铕负异常明显,同样具有富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素及亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti、P的特征。皖南屯溪盆地晚侏罗世-早白垩世火山活动类似于中国东南部火山岩带。结合前人资料,认为屯溪盆地晚侏罗世火山岩形成于挤压构造环境,而早白垩世火山岩形成于伸展环境,其成因与晚侏罗至早白垩世古太平洋板块俯冲角度变化和俯冲板片后撤作用有关。     

西天山乌孙山地区大哈拉军山组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造环境

西天山乌孙山地区大哈拉军山组由玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及相应的火山碎屑岩组成,安山岩和流纹岩分布最广。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,火山活动喷发的安山岩与安山质晶屑凝灰熔岩分别形成于353.9Ma±6.5Ma和356.3Ma±4.4Ma,属于早石炭世早期。通过区域对比,西天山大哈拉军山组的火山岩浆作用显示从伊犁中天山板块南北缘向伊犁盆地内部逐渐变年轻的特点,且火山岩喷发时代差别不大(约40Ma)。岩石地球化学研究表明,火山岩属钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素。中性火山岩富集大离子亲石元素(如Cs、Rb、Th、U),而相对亏损高场强元素,具有明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,显示出岛弧火山岩的特征;酸性火山岩相对富集Rb、Th、U、Ta等元素,具有明显的Ba、Sr、P、Eu、Ti等元素的负异常。综合伊犁-中天山板块南缘的构造演化特征,认为大哈拉军山组形成于活动大陆边缘环境,产在板块俯冲-碰撞的最后阶段。     

新疆东准噶尔地区构造演化及主要成矿期

笔者认为东准噶尔地区曾是古新疆克拉通的一部分,只是到了泥盆纪才演化成大洋。值得特别提出的是,大洋消失之后,经历了残留海盆阶段才开始碰撞造山。碰撞期后的岩浆作用和板内裂陷作用在该区特别发育,而且形成相关的内生金属矿产。以大型内陆盆地沉降和山脉隆升为特征的陆内造山作用标志着大陆克拉通化的最终完成。成矿期与构造演化密切相关,自老而新划分了6个成矿期。     

新疆东准噶尔地区构造演化及主要成矿期

笔者认为东准噶尔地区曾是古新疆克拉通的一部分,只是到了泥盆纪才演化成大洋。值得特别提出的是,大洋消失之后,经历了残留海盆阶段才开始碰撞造山。碰撞期后的岩浆作用和板内裂陷作用在该区特别发育,而且形成相关的内生金属矿产。以大型内陆盆地沉降和山脉隆升为特征的陆内造山作用标志着大陆克拉通化的最终完成。成矿期与构造演化密切相关,自老而新划分了6个成矿期。     

Middle Devonian Picrites of the Southern Margin of Altay Orogenic Belt and Implications for the Tectonic Setting and Petrogenesis

INTRODUCTION Inrecentyears,greatprogressonthegeologic tec tonicevolutionandmineralresourcesofXinjianghas beenachieved.However,manyissuesarestilldebated, suchasancienttectonicpatternsandtheclosuretimeof theancientoceanicbasin(LiandXu,2004).Theseis sueshavelimitedourknowledgeoftheformationande volutionofAsiancontinents,aswellastheexploration anddevelopmentofmineralresources. Recently,theHilaketehalasuporphyrycopperde positwasdiscoveredinthestrataoftheMiddleDevoni anBeitashanFormatio…     

Zircon U–Pb ages and tectonic implications of Paleozoic plutons in northern West Junggar,North Xinjiang,China

North Xinjiang, Northwest China, is made up of several Paleozoic orogens. From north to south these are the Chinese Altai, Junggar, and Tian Shan. It is characterized by widespread development of Late Carboniferous–Permian granitoids, which are commonly accepted as the products of post-collisional magmatism. Except for the Chinese Altai, East Junggar, and Tian Shan, little is known about the Devonian and older granitoids in the West Junggar, leading to an incomplete understanding of its Paleozoic tectonic history. New SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages were determined for seventeen plutons in northern West Junggar and these ages confirm the presence of Late Silurian–Early Devonian plutons in the West Junggar. New age data, combined with those available from the literature, help us distinguish three groups of plutons in northern West Junggar. The first is represented by Late Silurian–Early Devonian (ca. 422 to 405 Ma) plutons in the EW-striking Xiemisitai and Saier Mountains, including A-type granite with aegirine–augite and arfvedsonite, and associated diorite, K-feldspar granite, and subvolcanic rocks. The second is composed of the Early Carboniferous (ca. 346 to 321 Ma) granodiorite, diorite, and monzonitic and K-feldspar granites, which mainly occur in the EW-extending Tarbgatay and Saur (also spelled as Sawuer in Chinese) Mountains. The third is mainly characterized by the latest Late Carboniferous–Middle Permian (ca. 304 to 263 Ma) granitoids in the Wuerkashier, Tarbgatay, and Saur Mountains.As a whole, the three epochs of plutons in northern West Junggar have different implications for tectonic evolution. The volcano-sedimentary strata in the Xiemisitai and Saier Mountains may not be Middle and Late Devonian as suggested previously because they are crosscut by the Late Silurian–Early Devonian plutons. Therefore, they are probably the eastern extension of the Early Paleozoic Boshchekul–Chingiz volcanic arc of East Kazakhstan in China. It is uncertain at present if these plutons might have been generated in either a subduction or post-collisional setting. The early Carboniferous plutons in the Tarbgatay and Saur Mountains may be part of the Late Paleozoic Zharma–Saur volcanic arc of the Kazakhstan block. They occur along the active margin of the Kazakhstan block, and their generation may be related to southward subduction of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean between Kazakhstan in the south and Altai in the north. The latest Late Carboniferous–Middle Permian plutons occur in the Zharma–Saur volcanic arc, Hebukesaier Depression, and the West Junggar accretionary complexes and significantly postdate the closure of the Irtysh–Zaysan Ocean in the Late Carboniferous because they are concurrent with the stitching plutons crosscutting the Irtysh–Zaysan suture zone. Hence the latest Late Carboniferous–Middle Permian plutons were generated in a post-collisional setting. The oldest stitching plutons in the Irtysh–Zaysan suture zone are coeval with those in northern West Junggar, together they place an upper age bound for the final amalgamation of the Altai and Kazakhstan blocks to be earlier than 307 Ma (before the Kaslmovian stage, Late Carboniferous). This is nearly coincident with widespread post-collisional granitoid plutons in North Xinjiang.