川南地区龙潭组页岩气成藏条件及有利区分析

基于钻井、岩心样品等分析资料,对川南地区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气成藏条件进行了系统分析,认为该区上二叠统龙潭组页岩主要形成于海陆过渡沉积相,页岩厚度较大(20~120m),富含有机质,有机质丰度高(TOC为0.85%~35.7%,平均7.51%),有机质类型主要为Ⅲ型,热演化程度达高一过成熟(Ro为1.95%~2.4%,平均2.22%),利于干气生成;页岩富含脆性矿物和黏土,微米级孔隙比较发育,利于吸附气赋存。与成功勘探开发页岩气的北美页岩相比,川南地区龙潭组页岩有利于干气的生成及赋存,综合分析提出了泸州—自贡—宜宾、女基井—潼南—高科井2个区块为页岩气富集有利区。     

川南古叙地区LD1井龙潭组海陆过渡相泥页岩地质特征及其含气性

扬子地区二叠系龙潭组海陆过渡相煤系泥页岩广泛发育。本文以川南古蔺-叙永地区页岩气调查井LD1井为例,利用测录井、岩心样品测试等资料评价其页岩气地质条件。LD1井龙潭组富有机质泥页岩与盆内JY1、N203等高产井五峰-龙马溪组海相页岩相比较,主要地质参数差异明显。LD1井龙潭组优质泥页岩单层厚度一般小于5m,累计厚度可达40m以上。龙潭组泥页岩有机碳含量总体较高,干酪根类型以Ⅱ₂型为主,有机质成熟度达到过成熟阶段（R_O平均值为3.21%）,黏土矿物组分含量相对较高,脆性矿物组分含量相对较低,孔隙度普遍大于3%。龙潭组泥页岩气测异常值偏高,共计5.9m/13层气测异常层,最高异常值可达背景值的8倍,龙潭组上段标态总含气量平均可达4.08m³/t。     

川东南石宝矿区龙潭组页岩气(煤层气)潜力分析 ——以SD1井为例

二叠系龙潭组是四川盆地最主要的海陆过渡相页岩气勘探层位。通过钻井岩芯和薄片观察、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、有机地球化学分析、孔渗测试、现场解吸和等温吸附等手段, 以SD1井为例, 对川东南石宝矿区龙潭组烃源岩特征和页岩气潜力进行研究。结果表明: 1)研究区SD1井龙潭组泥页岩累计厚度约47.74 m, 与煤层及粉-细砂岩交互出现, 主要为分流间湾和沼泽微相沉积; 2)泥页岩总体黏土矿物含量高(平均值为49.7%), 富菱铁矿、黄铁矿和锐钛矿, 缺乏长石和其他碳酸盐矿物; 3)有机质主要由镜质组构成, 干酪根δ13C集中分布在–22.8‰ ~ –24.2‰之间, 以Ⅲ型干酪根为主, 有机质丰度高(TOC平均值为7.37%), 处于过成熟生干气阶段, 生烃潜力大; 4)储集空间主要包括微裂缝、有机质孔、溶蚀孔和晶间孔, 孔隙度变化在3.05%~4.35%之间, 平均值为3.79%; 渗透率约为0.486 μD, 远小于0.1 mD, 具超低孔超低渗特征; 5)现场解吸泥页岩含气量为0.61～4.70 m3/t, 平均值为2.16 m3/t, 含气性相对较好, 饱和吸附气含量均大于2.00 m3/t, 显示出良好的吸附性能。综合研究认为, 川东南石宝矿区龙潭组页岩气开发潜力较大, 龙潭组上段中部C14–C17碳质泥岩夹煤层组合和龙潭组中段上部C20–C24碳质泥岩夹煤层组合为主力勘查层段。     

重庆南川地区龙潭组页岩气地质特征与甜点优选

海陆过渡相富有机质含气页岩是页岩气勘探的重要领域。利用地震、钻井、测井、分析测试等资料，选择重庆南川地区为研究对象，对我国南方四川盆地东南缘地区二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探潜力系统评价。从沉积环境、岩性组合、有机地化、储层物性、含气性、矿物组成等页岩气成藏地质条件等方面入手，探讨了页岩气富集主控因素，优选了甜点区和甜点段。研究结果表明：① 南川地区龙潭组处于潟湖相，富有机质黑色泥页岩发育，累厚50~65 m，单层厚度26~32 m，埋深主体在1000~4000 m之间。② 地球化学指标适中，TOC含量2. 0%~3. 0%，Ro为2. 0%~2. 2%，有机质类型为Ⅲ~Ⅱ2型。③ 含气性较好，气测全烃一般3%~25. 5%，含气量1. 5~3. 5 m3/t。④ 硅质、碳酸盐矿物等脆性矿物含量较高，具有较大页岩气勘探潜力。⑤ 龙潭组页岩气富集高产具有相带控烃、保存控富、可压控产“三控”规律，即潟湖相影响泥页岩厚度及地化指标，控制页岩气富集烃源基础；保存条件影响地层压力和滞留气含量，控制页岩气富集的程度；可压裂性影响改造体积和缝网复杂程度，控制页岩气井产量。⑥ 初步建立了南川地区龙潭组页岩气甜点区目标评价方法和标准，优选出具有一定构造稳定区面积、页岩气成藏指标较好、埋深适中的阳春沟背斜、东胜背斜为Ⅰ类区。⑦ 建立了以TOC、孔隙度、含气量、脆性矿物含量四项主要参数为指标的储层综合评价指数（RCEI），优选出潭三段为页岩气勘探甜点段，潭三段上部为水平井最优穿层靶窗。     

南华北盆地中牟凹陷太原组-山西组页岩气成藏特征——以河南中牟区块ZDY2井为例

河南中牟区块ZDY2井海陆过渡相太原组和山西组页岩气层系地质特征分析表明:太原组和山西组富有机质页岩厚度均为77.5m,有机质类型主要为Ⅲ型,少量Ⅱ型;有机碳平均含量分别为2.18%和1.90%;有效孔隙度分别为1.53%和2.4%,现场解析平均含气量分别为1.32m~3/t和1.1m~3/t,其中太原组中部优质压裂层段平均含气量为1.56m~3/t;有机质成熟度Ro值在2.6%～3.4%之间;黏土矿物以伊利石和伊蒙混层为主。综合研究认为中牟区块太原组、山西组页岩气层系普遍含气,太原组中部页岩层段及山西组下部大占砂岩是有利勘探层位。通过ZDY2井太原组中部43.3m页岩层段压裂,获得日产天然气3 614m~3,南华北盆地海陆过渡相页岩气勘探取得重大进展。     

鄂西巴东地区(巴页1井)发现海陆过渡相页岩气

<正>1研究目的(Objective)根据富有机质页岩沉积环境可将页岩气分为海相、陆相和海陆过渡相(含煤岩系)3大类型。近年,中国已在海相页岩和陆相页岩地层页岩气勘探中取得重大突破,而海陆过渡相的页岩气勘探工作尚处于起步阶段,整体研究程度较低。鄂西巴东地区地处四川盆地东缘,该区广泛发育上二叠统龙潭组暗色泥页岩,厚度大,有机碳含量高,埋深适中,是实现海陆过渡相页岩气勘探发现的有利远景区。为此,在野外地质调查的基础上,优选实施钻     

四川盆地南部上二叠统龙潭组页岩气储集层矿物组成特征及意义

为探讨海陆过渡相页岩储集层海陆过渡相页岩储集层矿物对煤系页岩气生成、赋存的影响作用,对四川盆地南部龙潭组富有机质页岩样品,进行了X射线衍射分析、有机地球化学分析、孔隙度测试等。结果表明,龙潭组页岩有机质丰度较高(TOC含量为0.85%~35.7%),有机质成熟度达高-过成熟度阶段(Ro=1.96%~2.40%),页岩孔隙发育良好(孔隙度为3.14%~9.95%);龙潭组页岩富含黏土矿物(含量为20.3%~92.3%),其次是石英(含量为4.2%~46.2%)和方解石(含量为0~40.3%),还含有少量长石、白云石、黄铁矿、石膏等矿物,脆性矿物含量为6.3%~65.7%,多为20%~50%,脆性指数Ⅰ、脆性指数Ⅱ平均值为24.2%、32.32%,达北美工业性开采页岩压裂下限。黏土矿物含量与页岩孔隙度发育有密切相关性,两者呈正相关关系,脆性矿物则相反。反映在龙潭组页岩具有良好的页岩气形成的成热条件。     

河南中牟区块页岩气特征及勘探前景分析

文章通过对河南中牟区块海陆过渡相太原组和山西组页岩气形成的地质条件与特征分析,认为区块构造较为简单、稳定,其海陆交互相沉积环境控制太原组和山西组页岩发育,分布广泛,富含有机质页岩厚度大,为页岩气目标层;有机碳含量w(TOC)=1.1%~3.7%,有机质类型为Ⅲ型,有机质成熟度指标镜质体反射率(Ro)3.0%~3.8%;目标层有效孔隙度1.0%~5.0%,黏土矿物以伊利石和伊/蒙混层为主;含气量0.5~3.3m~3/t,平均1.7m~3/t。对牟页1井太原组、山西组三段采用快钻桥塞分段压裂,累计注入压裂液量5 055.9m~3,加砂量202.7m~3,三层合采求产为1 256m~3/d,标志着南华北盆地海陆过渡相页岩气勘探取得重大发现。通过地质评价和资源量计算,中牟区块太原组、山西组页岩气地质资源量较为丰富,勘探有利区面积大,具备较好的页岩气勘探前景。     

海陆过渡相页岩气成藏特征初探:以湘中坳陷二叠系为例

通过对湘中坳陷邵阳市泉塘村、隆回县北山和邵阳市黄亭等地露头观察及涟源县龙场建新村和涟源县七星街龙潭组、大隆组页岩露头剖面实测、取样和测试分析,重点研究了二叠系页岩龙潭组和大隆组页岩的地化特征、储层特征、含气特征,建立了页岩岩性-岩矿-地化-物性-含气性综合剖面。研究区龙潭组和大隆组页岩干酪根显微组分以壳质组为主,镜质组和惰质组含量较少,有机碳含量大于2%的占样品总数的40%以上,纵向上主要分布在龙潭组上部和大隆组下部,成熟度分布在1.10%~2.22%,平均为1.42%,处在成熟-高成熟阶段。储层微观类型主要有矿物质孔和微裂缝,次要类型为有机质气孔,其中矿物质孔包括残留粒间孔隙、粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶蚀孔和粒内孔隙。综合分析上二叠统龙潭组-大隆组泥页岩层系厚度、有机碳含量等指标,结合油气显示分析认为,页岩气有利的富集层段为大隆组下部-龙潭组上部厚约80m的优质泥页岩,具备良好的页岩气勘探潜力。值得注意的是,在四川盆地内部的二叠系页岩在地化指标、矿物组成、储层特征和含气量等页岩气成藏条件与湘中地区大致相同,且具有生烃高峰期晚,抬升幅度小等特征,发现了以二叠系泥页岩为源岩的普光等大气田,是海陆过渡相页岩气勘探研究需要注意的地区和领域。     

湘中涟源凹陷石炭系测水组页岩气成藏特征及勘探潜力

目前对海陆过渡相页岩的储层及其成藏特征研究较少.湘中地区涟源凹陷下石炭统测水组海陆过渡相页岩是重要的页岩气勘探层位,基于二维地震资料、钻井岩心资料和测录井资料,选取2015H-D6井进行了井区构造与测水组岩性描述,页岩储层地化、物性及含气量等测试分析,以及单井埋藏史和热史模拟.研究表明:涟源凹陷海陆过渡相测水组泥页岩沉积于滨岸泻湖或沼泽环境,有效厚度为71.8 m,埋深大于2 500 m;泥页岩有机碳含量平均为1.68%,干酪根类型以Ⅱ型为主,具备良好的生气基础和吸附载体;成熟度分布在2.30%~3.32%,平均为2.96%,处于过成熟阶段;储层脆性矿物含量超过60%,粘土矿物含量小于30%,储层整体表现为低孔低渗特性,孔隙以微孔隙为主,具较好的页岩气储层条件.利用测井解释、等温吸附以及现场解析等方法,揭示出测水组泥页岩具有较好的含气量,结合模拟结果提出了构造保存并持续沉降是涟源凹陷海陆过渡相测水组页岩气藏形成的关键因素.      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with