安徽霍山地区断层活动习性研究的新进展

通过霍山地区地震地质调查和研究，发现晚第四纪以来该地区丰富的构造变形现象：盆地边缘断裂构成断层三角面；隆起区发育一系列的北东向断裂，含断层泥；盆地内中更新统中发现多期变形遗迹，共同显示晚第四纪以来构造变形的继承性和统一性.文中结合各观测点变形物质的微观、超微观变形分析和断错物质系统测龄结果分析，对研究区构造新活动期次、断层滑移特性、古地震事件等进行了有意义的探讨.结果表明，该区断裂在晚第四纪曾有过多期粘滑活动.最后结合地震层析成像等深部探测成果对研究区地震的深部介质条件进行了讨论.     

辽宁省地震构造研究

本文结合编制1∶100万辽宁省地震构造图,分析了辽宁省近20年来地震构造环境相关研究成果,确定辽宁地区共有第四纪以来活动断裂29条,其中全新世断裂1条,晚更新世断裂5条,早、中更新世断裂23条。其中北东向晚更新世活动断裂和北西向全新世活动断裂为辽宁地区的主要控震、发震构造。北东向晚更新世活动断裂与北西向断裂交汇部位、海城河隐伏断裂的端点部位和鸭绿江断裂南西端黄海海域是未来发生中强地震的主要部位。本研究可为深入研究辽宁地区地震构造条件、编制第五代全国地震区划图提供基础资料。     

辽宁省主要活动断层与地震活动特征分析

本文结合编制 1：100 万辽宁省地震构造图,分析了辽宁省近 20 年来地震构造环境相关研究成果,确定辽宁地区共有第四纪以来活动断裂 29 条：全新世断裂 1 条;晚更新世断裂 5 条;早、中更新世断裂 23 条。其中北东向晚更新世活动断裂和北西向全新世活动断裂为辽宁地区的主要控震、发震构造。北东向晚更新世活动断裂与北西向断裂交汇部位、海城河隐伏断裂的端点部位和鸭绿江断裂南西端黄海海域是未来发生中强地震的主要部位。本研究可为深入研究辽宁地区地震构造条件、编制第五代全国地震区划图提供基础资料。     

第四纪火山区活动构造的识别和地震危险性评价

在第四纪火山区作活动构造研究时需要仔细地区分岩浆原生构造，火山区非构造变动和真正的活动断裂。第四纪火山区晚更新世晚期以来不再活动的断裂不宜看成危险性断裂。第四纪火山可能发生中强地震，极少可能发生大地震。     

鄂西北两郧断裂郧西段的第四纪活动与地震危险性

两郧断裂带是鄂西北地区规模最大、影响最强的断裂之一,位于秦岭断块隆起区,长约200 km,走滑运动性质,第四纪分段活动特征明显,曾于1964年发生过郧西4.9级地震。此前对该断裂郧西段的第四纪活动研究较少,直接影响着对鄂西北地区活动构造变形格局和强震危险性的整体认识和评估。本文基于遥感解译、野外地质调查和高密度电法勘探研究,发现断裂沿线发育有串珠状盆地、负向断层长谷、断层垭口和断层崖等构造地貌形态。两陨断裂在早第四纪活动明显,晚第四纪以来活动微弱,滑动速率低,未来中强地震的危险性不容低估。      

甘肃北山地区晚第四纪构造变形特征及演化趋势

通过对甘肃北山地区ETM影像的细致分析和初步野外考察,对北山地区晚第四纪以来断裂活动时代和运动性质进行了研究。结合附近地区天山构造带、青藏高原北部边缘断裂的演化过程和区域构造应力场状态,对北山地区晚第四纪以来变形机制和演化趋势进行了研究。认为北山地区现今构造格局是在印度板块与欧亚板块相碰撞形成的北东向挤压构造应力场的作用下,重新激活东西向的晚古生代、中生代断裂,并产生北东向新生断裂而形成。晚第四纪以来,北山地区构造变形以南北向缩短为主,伴随有东西向伸展。随着印度板块的向北运移,北山地区的构造变形将进一步增强,即南北向缩短和东西向的扩展将进一步增强。     

台湾海峡南部7.3级地震的地质构造背景

在我国辽阔的渤海、黄海、东海和南海，只有渤海发生过７级以上地震，而面积狭小的台湾海峡却发生４次７－８级地震，数十次５－６．９级地震。是我国大陆近海地震活动强度最大，频度最高的地区。台湾海峡位于欧亚大陆板块和太平洋菲律宾海板块的结合地带，地壳运动强烈。海峡中北东、北西向断裂发育，第四纪以来，上述断裂均有强烈的活动。在这种地质构造背景下，发生了历史上一系列强烈地震和这次７．３级地震。     

福建漳州盆地的最新构造活动和地震危险性

通过漳州盆地的新生性、断裂活动性、晚第四纪地壳运动、盆地内部新构造差异活动和强震活动周期等初步探讨了该盆地的地震危险性。结果表明 ,该盆地晚更新世开始突破北东向断裂的限制 ,继续向南东方向发展 ;展布于盆地内部的北东、北西向断裂在晚更新世期间活动较为强烈 ;晚第四纪地壳升降运动频繁 ;盆地内部新构造差异活动强烈 ;最后一次历史强震距今已有 4 0 0a ,大大超过了该地区历史记录中 2 6 0a的强震活动最大间隔。因此 ,该盆地具有较大的地震危险性     

南定河断裂带断层活动特征与古地震事件

南定河断裂带是滇西南地区一条重要的北东向断裂构造，它由东、西两分支断裂组成。本文根据沿断裂带发育的串珠状盆地展布、沉积物的分布以及第四纪地层的变动情况，分析了该断裂带的活动特征，西支断裂第四以来活动强烈且明显的差异性，东支断裂从晚第三纪末起已停止活动，对于这条缺少地震历史载和仪器记录的活动断层，古地地震研究也是一个进一步认识其活动强度的行之有效的方法。     

灵武断裂晚第四纪活动特征及位称速率

灵武断裂是银川地堑南段的东侧构造边界,与灵一吴忠地区的地震活动有密切的关系,以往研究程度较低。作者通过实际调查、探槽开挖、年代侧定、相关地貌 年代测定、断错历史研究等方面的大量工作对该断层晚第四纪的活动性开展了比较系统的野外考察。本文以野外考察获得的资料为基础,论述了该以晚第四纪的活动特征,估计了其垂直位移速率。     

大别山超高压变质带深部电性结构及其动力学意义初步研究

通过在大别造山带东部横穿超高压变质带的一条NNE向剖面大地电磁测深资料的分析解释，获得了关于沿剖面的地壳上地幔二维电性结构，显示北淮阳与大别地块是电性差异显著的构造单元，它们之间的界面与晓天—磨子潭断裂对应；晓天—磨子潭断裂倾向北，在中上地壳层位出现错动解耦现象；从地表向深处可划分出4个主要电性层：地表风化层、中上地壳高阻层、壳内相对高导层以及上地幔层；大别地块内中、上地壳层位以高阻层为主，与高压-超高压变质岩分布区对应，高阻层最厚处在岳西—英山之间；在大别地块内，推测存在燕山期花岗质岩浆活动的通道，它们造成了超高压变质岩的进一步抬升，同时影响了大别地块内存在的壳内相对高导层的分布，壳内相对高导层在层位上相差较大.     

安徽霍山地震区深部电性结构和发震构造特征

霍山地震区位于大别造山带北缘华北板块与扬子板块接触带上,是大别造山带及周边地震活动最频繁、最集中的地区.83个大地电磁测点组成的大地电磁三维阵列覆盖了整个霍山地震区.用多重网格法、印模迭代重构法和非线性共轭梯度法对阵列数据进行三维带地形反演,获得了地震区深部三维电性结构.电性结构显示,北大别、北淮阳区的中上地壳为电阻率1000Ωm以上的高阻区,中下地壳为电阻率数十欧姆米的相对低阻区;六安盆地电阻率整体较低,中地壳存在显著的电阻率为几欧姆米的壳内高导层.北西向的晓天—磨子潭断裂分隔了北大别高阻层和北淮阳高阻层,在浅部向NE倾,深部向SW倾;北东向的落儿岭—土地岭断裂切穿北大别上地壳高阻层.小震双差定位结果表明,地震主要发生在NE向延伸的落儿岭—土地岭断裂附近的北大别、北淮阳中上地壳的高阻区,并集中于NW向的晓天—磨子潭断裂运动所造成的构造薄弱带中;2014年M S4.3霍山地震震源深度较深,位于北大别高阻区内部的电性梯度较大的区域.综合上述结果我们认为,霍山地震区的主要发震断裂为落儿岭—土地岭断裂,断裂的运动变形充分利用了晓天—磨子潭断裂早先活动所形成的构造薄弱带,断裂下方壳源高导体中的流体沿断层传播使断层强度弱化,使得这些薄弱带区易于发生小地震.由于北大别、北淮阳构造区显著高阻层的存在,我们认为霍山地震区存在发生6级以上中强震的深部孕震环境.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前青藏块体边界断层异常活动

系统分析了青藏块体边界断层的形变资料，研究了断层活动的动态过程及空间分布。结果表明，昆仑山口西8．1级地震前孕震影响范围达到青藏块体的周边地区；发震断层所在的构造带震前断层活动最为剧烈；加强对构造块体断层整体活动的宏观动态比较和分析，有助于判定未来强震发生的危险地段；震后应力将转移并集中到西秦岭构造带及其邻近地区。     

RAYLEIGH WAVE TOMOGRAPHY IN THE CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE OF THE DABIE-TANLU OROGENIC ZONE

Dabie Orogen has a series of special tectonic and geological features which make it important to the study of the tectonic evolution of mainland China and East Asia. The distribution of high pressure/ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks discovered on the surface, the specific location of a series of deep and shallow sutures in the collisional convergence collage, and the seismogenic environment of shallow earthquakes attract many scientists continuously to study the interesting Dabie Orogen. In this paper, we used waveform records of 200 broadband seismic stations deployed by China Digital Seismograph Network and vertical component records of 21 mobile seismic stations located in the Dabie-Tanlu orogenic zone and its surrounding areas. Based on seismic ambient noise tomography, we have obtained the phase velocity distributions of Rayleigh surface wave with the periods between 8~40s, with the resolution higher than 50km. The high velocity anomalies are observed on the Hong'an-Tongbo region in the images of 8~16s phase velocity, which decreases with increasing periods. These high velocity anomalies are in consistence with the ultra-high pressure(UHP)metamorphic rocks of the region. It leads us an estimation of the extension of UHP metamorphic rocks at various depths. The distribution of these anomalies found in phase velocity maps of 8s to 16s indicates that the estimated depth is up to~20km. The horizontal distribution forms a heart shape, which is narrower on western side and wider on the eastern side. It is very much consistent with the surface observations. The whole shape is similar to a cone that laterally extends its wings on the southwest. It indicates that the high-pressure/ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks had experienced quick exhumation after they broke and formed a drag at the tail, and the residual area formed by the fast exhumation was likely to be invaded by magma. We agree that it has experienced complex structural history, such as stretching, magmatic emplacement and tectonic extrusion, resulting in the high-pressure/UHP metamorphic rocks finally exhuming on the surface with the structural pattern of narrower on the western margin and wider on the eastern margin in the Hong'an-Tongbo area. The significant phase velocity difference from the period of 8s to 35s on both sides of the southern Tanlu fault zone enables us to infer that the Tanlu fault zone is a deep and huge fault, and the entire crust of the eastern zone of Dabie was cut by the Tanlu fault zone. It demonstrates that the Dabie block is separated from the northern Subei Basin and southern Yangtze blocks, which forms a seismogenic environment suitable for the generation of small-to-intermediate earthquakes in this region. Most of earthquakes in Anhui and adjacent provinces are distributed in those areas where the phase velocities changed dramatically, which are in consistence with the small faults of the upper crust in shallow layers of the Dabie-Tanlu orogenic belt. The shallow-source earthquakes mainly occur in velocity contrast regions, as demonstrated by the short period images. Earthquakes distribution and velocity maps show that the possible distribution of tiny faults of the upper crust can be roughly inferred from the geological structure. It helps to understand the seismogenic environment and seismic hazard in the Dabie areas. We conclude that the shallower faults with different velocity on either side of this region are still seismically active. These results have important significance for understanding the tectonic activity of the research areas.More detail work and further discussion are needed on the velocity structure of the Dabie orogen.     

Lateral variation in Moho depth around the southern Tanlu fault zone and its adjacent area

We estimated Moho depth beneath the southern Tanlu fault zone and its adjacent area using common-conversion-point(CCP)stacking of receiver fun-ctions,which were computed from teleseismic records of the CEArray.Our estimated Moho depth matches well with 2-D profiles derived from active-source deep seismic reflection surveys,suggesting that the calculated the Moho depth map is likely accurate beyond the 2-D profiles.Overall,the estimated Moho depth map showed a high spatial correlation with tectonic provinces,i.e.,Moho topographic boundaries are in good agreement with geological boundaries.Beneath the Dabie orogenic belt and the mountainous areas in southern Anhui Province,the Moho lies relatively deep,and there is an obvious difference in Moho depth between the two sides of this segment of the Tanlu fault.We further selected four depth profiles with dense instrumentation to show Moho depth changes across different tectonic blocks in the study area.We saw two step-like changes in Moho depth beneath the Xiangfan-Guangji and Gushi-Feizhong,which run parallel along the WNW-ESE direction and delineate the southern and northern bounds of the northern Dabie orogenic belt,which is likely the suture zone between the North China Block and South China Block.Crust beneath the northeast corner of the study area is significantly thinner than other areas,which is consistent with the crustal detachment model proposed for suturing between the North and South China blocks in the region east to the Tanlu fault.     

Tectonic evolution of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts from central China

Abstract In the Triassic suture between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons, the Dabie metamorphic Complex in central China includes three tectonic units: the northern Dabie migmatitic terrane, the central ultrahigh-P coesite- and diamond-bearing eclogite belt, and the southern high-P blueschist-eclogite belt. This complex is bounded to the north by a north-dipping normal fault with a Paleozoic accretionary complex and to the south by a north-dipping reverse fault with Yangtze basement plus its foreland fold-and-thrust sequence. Great differences in metamorphic pressure suggests that these units reached different depths during metamorphism and their juxtaposition occurred by wedge extrusion of subducted old continental fragments. These units were subsequently subjected to (i) Barrovian type regional metamorphism and deformation at shallow depths; (ii) intrusion of Cretaceous granitic plutons; and (iii) doming and segmentation into several blocks by normal and strike-slip faults. A new speculative model of tectonic exhumation of UHP rocks is proposed.     

青海湖的地质构造背景及形成演化

青海湖地区位于 3个构造单元及多条深断裂的交汇部位 ,结构复杂 ,强度较弱。上新世出现断陷 ,中更新世成湖。湖盆可划分为 3个地垒和 3个次级断陷盆地。其形成和演化受中祁连南缘大断裂带、宗务隆山 -青海南山大断裂带和黑马河 -达日大断裂带重新活动及其它NWW ,NW ,NNW ,SN ,NE向断裂的活动及伴随的差异隆升所控制 ,与青藏高原的隆升演化有密切关系 ,尤其是可能与青藏高原发生后造山伸展作用有关的应力场转变造成的负反转构造有重要关系。中中新世夷平面形成以来的新构造活动和青海湖的形成演化具明显的脉动性。中中新世以来的新构造活动可分为 5个阶段 ,青海湖形成演化过程可大致分为 9期     

MIGRATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN TIBETAN BLOCK AREA AND DISSCUSSION ON MAJOR ACTIVE REGION IN THE FUTURE

On the basis of summarizing the circulation characteristics and mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above in continental China, the spatial-temporal migration characteristics, mechanism and future development trend of earthquakes with magnitude above 7 in Tibetan block area are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that there are temporal clustering and spatial zoning of regional strong earthquakes and large earthquakes in continental China, and they show the characteristics of migration and circulation in time and space. In the past 100a, there are four major earthquake cluster areas that have migrated from west to east and from south to north, i.e. 1)Himalayan seismic belt and Tianshan-Baikal seismic belt; 2)Mid-north to north-south seismic belt in Tibetan block area; 3)North-south seismic belt-periphery of Assam cape; and 4)North China and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The cluster time of each area is about 20a, and a complete cycle time is about 80a. The temporal and spatial images of the migration and circulation of strong earthquakes are consistent with the motion velocity field images obtained through GPS observations in continental China. The mechanism is related to the latest tectonic activity in continental China, which is mainly affected by the continuous compression of the Indian plate to the north on the Eurasian plate, the rotation of the Tibetan plateau around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and the additional stress field caused by the change of the earth's rotation speed.
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with M_S7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out.     

江苏及邻区地壳上地幔结构研究

根据江苏及邻区大地构造单元和人工地震研究程度的不同,划分为下扬子地区、郯庐断裂带、大别山东段、苏鲁地块等地区,介绍了利用人工地震、天然地震层析成像及其它地球物理探测等方法对这一地区的深部构造研究结果。其中下扬子地区莫霍面的深度为28~33 km,横向不均匀,由西向东逐渐减薄;大别—苏鲁地区地表超高压变质带地壳波速特征主要表现在上地壳顶部的高速层,其厚度一般小于10 km;苏鲁地块地壳厚度约在32~33 km之间,明显高于周边地区;大别山地区沿造山带方向莫霍面变化平缓,地壳厚度33 km左右;横穿造山带方向起伏变化较大,莫霍面最深达41 km左右。天然层析成像研究范围大,分辨率较低。大别苏鲁地区人工地震测深工作较深入,但调查范围较小,主要在浅层,认识相对局部,有待于面上的大范围深部结构图像研究。     

利用接收函数方法研究西秦岭构造带及其邻区地壳结构

根据西秦岭构造带及其周边地区117个宽频带地震台站的高质量波形数据, 利用远震P波接收函数的H-k叠加方法, 求得地壳厚度和平均波速比. 通过分析地壳厚度、 波速比及其关系和接收函数CCP叠加剖面, 研究了该区域的地壳结构特征. 结果表明, 研究区域内地壳结构差异大, 呈过渡带特征. 地壳厚度总体上呈北北西向分布, 自西南向东北逐渐减小. 羌塘块体地壳厚度为72 km, 渭河盆地附近为39 km. 西秦岭构造带的地壳厚度为42—56 km, 南北向莫霍界面平坦. 研究区域P波与S波波速比平均为1.74, 其中西秦岭构造带平均为1.72. 较低的波速比主要分布在西秦岭构造带、 祁连山块体、 松潘—甘孜地块北部以及香山—天景山断裂区域, 这可能是由于含长英质酸性岩组分的上地壳叠置增厚而导致的. 该区域缺少超高波速比, 表明这一区域发生岩浆底侵或上地壳熔融的可能性很小. 综合分析表明, 西秦岭构造带及邻区的地壳结构主要是由于青藏高原隆升并在向东北向扩张中受到周边块体的阻挡而引起的地壳构造变形所致. 西秦岭构造带的莫霍界面变化和波速比分布与该构造带经历碰撞地壳增厚后的伸展走滑运动有关.