大亚湾海水网箱养殖与海洋环境相互影响研究

１９８７－１９８９年，对大亚湾海区海水网箱养殖与海洋环境之间相互影响进行了研究。长期网箱养殖使养殖区内海水和沉积物分别受营养盐、硫化物污染，直接影响网箱养殖生态环境；养殖区附近工程建设也严重影响海水网箱养殖的发展。为此提出防治的措施和对策。     

大亚湾海水网箱养殖与海洋环境相互影响研究

１９８７—１９８９年，对大亚湾海区海水网箱养殖与海洋环境之间相互影响进行了研究。长期网箱养殖使养殖区内海水和沉积物分别受营养盐、硫化物污染，直接影响网箱养殖生态环境；养殖区附近工程建设也严重影响海水网箱养殖的发展。为此，提出防治的措施和对策。     

粤东大规模养殖区柘林湾细菌的分布与环境因素关系

近年来,随着海水养殖业的迅猛发展,养殖活动对环境的负面影响日趋严重,在海水养殖发达的地区,养殖自身污染已成为近岸海域污染的重要来源[1,2].柘林湾是粤东最大规模的网箱养殖区,长期以来,由于盲目追求网箱养殖规模和无序开发滩涂,使该湾生态环境日益恶化,赤潮时有发生.有关研究表明,细菌在海水养殖生态系统中起着非常重要的作用,能对有机物及一些无机物进行分解、转化和利用,促进水体的物质循环.因而细菌数量和种类组成的变化与海水污染程度有密切的关系[3,4].     

深度边缘光谱U-Net海水网箱养殖信息提取

网箱养殖是海水养殖的重要类型之一,传统网箱养殖目标光谱特征受近岸植被、水体影响较大,易出现噪声问题.新型深海网箱养殖目标离岸较远,但养殖目标海面框体部分较小,与自然水体光谱相似性较高,难以实现有效提取.本文提出深度边缘光谱U-Net模型对两种海水网箱养殖类型进行养殖信息提取.该模型通过Canny算子双边滤波算法去除波段...     

福建省主要港湾沉积物中硫化物的分布

海水养殖业在带来巨大的经济效益的同时，也给近岸海湾带来环境污染．目前．海上太多的网箱养鱼，阻碍了海水流动，使得水流减弱，残饵和鱼的排泄物沉积于海底，造成底质恶化，硫化物严重超标．     

关于海水网箱养殖系统风险评估的基础研究

随着海水网箱养殖业的迅速发展,制约海水网箱养殖发展的种种因素也逐步显露出来(风暴潮等恶劣气候、环境污染、人为的破坏等等),海水网箱养殖在预期获得丰厚利润的同时也面临遭受巨大损失的风险。本文对海水网箱养殖系统风险评估的可操作性进行了基础研究,提出了一套适合海水网箱养殖系统的风险评估方法,并就数据的收集和专家评审表做了一些研究,以此客观的反映系统的安全性和可靠性,使决策者实现对养殖系统生命周期的最佳控制。     

象山港海水养殖及其对环境的影响

利用2000年及2002年对象山港海域海水养殖现状及环境监测的调查和分析资料,对海水养殖业的发展给象山港周边生态环境带来的影响进行了分析,结果表明,2000年象山港海域水体中无机氮含量超四类海水水质标准的测站占86.7%,2002年已达到了100%,因而该海域水体全年均呈富营养化状态,水质主要污染因子为氮和磷,海水养殖给环境带来了一定的影响与污染。防治该海域环境污染应采取调整饵料结构、推广生态养殖、实行科学管理等有效的措施。     

广东省海水养殖排污量评估研究

海水养殖的污染物排放问题是局部海域环境污染的重要诱因之一,其中网箱养殖和池塘养殖产生的污染负荷量最大。本文利用污染系数和养殖产量对2003—2018年16 a以来广东省海水养殖中网箱养殖和池塘养殖的污染物排放量进行了初步评估。结果表明,2003—2018年广东省网箱养殖和池塘养殖的污染物排放量呈逐年上升趋势,其中网箱养殖排放N、P和COD的年均增长量分别为366.0 t、61.2 t和585.1 t,增长率均为6.6%,池塘养殖排放N、P和COD的年均增长量分别为90.5 t、9.1 t和636.1 t,增长率分别为14.2%,12.2%和13.1%。不同养殖模式、养殖种类和养殖区域的海水养殖排放的N、P和COD总量不同,网箱养殖高于池塘养殖;鱼类高于虾蟹类;粤西高于粤东和珠三角。网箱养殖和池塘养殖排放的N、P和COD分别占陆源污染物入海总量的1.3%、3.7%和0.7%,是近岸海域海洋环境污染不可忽略的因素。因此,分析海水养殖排污变化趋势及地域特点,可为近海海水养殖的可持续发展和海洋生态保护修复提供一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

我国鲑鳟鱼类海水网箱养殖研究进展与发展远景

本文依据笔者对国内鲑鳟鱼类海水网箱养殖多年技术开发和国外鲑鳟鱼类海水网箱养殖长期跟踪研究，简要介绍我国鲑鳟鱼类海水网箱养殖研究进展，初步探讨我国鲑鳟鱼类海水网箱养殖发展方向。     

基于绿色发展的我国近海渔业资源开发利用

为保护我国近海渔业资源,实现海洋渔业的绿色发展,文章梳理我国近海渔业资源开发利用状况,结合存在的问题及其对海洋生态环境的影响,提出对策建议。研究结果表明:2017年我国近海海水养殖产量同比略有提高,海洋捕捞产量同比略有降低;2008—2017年养殖空间有所优化,以筏式养殖和底播养殖为主,深水网箱养殖和工厂化养殖的产量显著提高,海洋捕捞以拖网捕捞为主;我国近海渔业资源开发利用存在海水养殖能力与养殖面积不相称、养殖空间日趋萎缩和超负荷、养殖低效以及海洋捕捞能力不均和强度较高等问题,给海洋生态环境带来污染海水环境、占用生态空间和破坏渔业资源等不利影响,亟须完善海洋生态补偿制度、促进渔业资源恢复和合理开发利用渔业资源。     

海水网箱养殖区环境质量综合评价

近年来,我国海水网箱养殖业的迅速发展给海洋生态环境带来了相当大的压力。目前不少学者从不同方面对网箱养殖区环境质量作了分析和评价,但还没有1个公认统一的评价标准和方法,也缺乏从整体上进行综合评价的研究。本文以宁波西沪港网箱养殖区为例,采用层次分析法,从环境适宜性和水产品质量安全性两方面构建了网箱养殖区环境质量综合评价指标体系,根据历史和现状监测资料以及相关文献筛选了评价指标,确定了评价标准,并结合指数评价法对养殖区环境质量现状进行了综合评价。评价结果表明:2011年西沪港网箱养殖区综合质量等级为较好,主要存在的风险为水体富营养化和水产品中的重金属污染。     

Adaptation of fisheries and mariculture management to extreme oceanic environmental changes and climate variability in Taiwan

This study presents the response of fisheries management to the extreme climatic events that affect marine capture fisheries and mariculture in Taiwan. Two regional approaches that can be applied universally to help capture fisheries and mariculture adapt to extreme weather events are also proposed. In the winter of 2008, an anomalously strong and continuous northeasterly wind caused by a La Niña event drove the cold China Coastal Current southward to penetrate the southern Taiwan Strait, and a portion of this current intruded eastward to the southern Penghu Archipelago. The cold current intrusion appreciably damaged marine aquaculture and the wild fish population, causing the death of more than 73 t of wild fish and 80% of cage aquaculture fish at the Penghu Islands. This extremely cold seawater event occurred between late January and the beginning of February 2008. To recover fishery resources around the waters of Penghu, fishery-related agencies adapted recovery measures over 3 years starting in April 2008 that included hatchery juvenile release, environmental monitoring, fishery subsidies, and ecological field investigations. This study suggests that responding to extreme climatic influences on fisheries and mariculture should include (1) establishing an early warning system by connecting fisheries agencies and marine research institutions to assist decision makers in performing time-adaptive measures, (2) temporarily suspending fishing activities after the occurrence of a natural disaster to help recover fishery resources and ecosystems, (3) altering the governance of farming fishing right so that fish farmers can temporarily transfer their aquaculture cages from high-risk areas to waters outside the influence of extreme weather events, and (4) continually filing surveys to understand the recovery status of marine ecosystems.     

Dynamic Behavior and Deformation Analysis of the Fish Cage System Using Mass-Spring Model

Fish cage systems are influenced by various oceanic conditions, and the movements and deformation of the system by the external forces can affect the safety of the system itself, as well as the species of fish being cultivated. Structural durability of the system against environmental factors has been major concern for the marine aquaculture system. In this research, a mathematical model and a simulation method were presented for analyzing the performance of the large-scale fish cage system influenced by current and waves. The cage system consisted of netting, mooring ropes, floats, sinkers and floating collar. All the elements were modeled by use of the mass-spring model. The structures were divided into finite elements and mass points were placed at the mid-point of each element, and mass points were connected by springs without mass. Each mass point was applied to external and internal forces, and total force was calculated in every integration step. The computation method was applied to the dynamic simulation of the actual fish cage systems rigged with synthetic fiber and copper wire simultaneously influenced by current and waves. Here, we also tried to find a relevant ratio between buoyancy and sinking force of the fish cages. The simulation results provide improved understanding of the behavior of the structure and valuable information concerning optimum ratio of the buoyancy to sinking force according to current speeds.     

Raising the “Sunken Billions”: Financing the transition to sustainable fisheries

Long-term investment to drive the adoption of precautionary, adaptive and resilience-building fisheries management measures is urgently required, especially given the financially difficult transition period to reach sustainable fisheries. In this paper a case for investing in the recovery of large marine ecosystems is provided based on the future value of recovered fish stocks. It is argued that the current market-based sustainable seafood movement alone will not affect the scale of change needed and must be complemented by investment in fundamental conservation measures that will lead to the recovery of marine ecosystems and promote long-term sustainable use. A rationale for addressing the economically challenging transition period is provided and the basis of a new financial institution to finance the measures necessary for realising the economic, social and environmental benefits of large-scale fisheries reform is proposed.     

褐毛鲿全人工繁殖技术研究

为了掌握褐毛鲿(Megalonibea fusca)繁殖生物学特性并突破全人工繁殖技术,作者介绍了1998～2002年项目实施期间,对褐毛鲿的性成熟年龄、生殖季节、产卵水温、性腺发育与性周期、产卵类型与产卵量、室内产卵池催产、海上网箱催产、亲鱼产卵率、受精率、催产激素与剂量、全人工繁殖技术等所做的研究,讨论和总结了褐毛鲿亲鱼的强化培育,人工催产的方法与措施。     

福建海水鱼类人工繁殖和育苗技术的现状与展望

自90年代以来，福建海水鱼类人工繁殖和育苗技术已向着多品种和批量化方向发展，各特优种类不断增加，人工种苗为海水网箱和池塘养殖提供大量苗源，科研教学单位的多项育苗成果已转化为生产力，开始进入种苗规模化生产的可持续发展阶段。迄今为止，福建海水鱼类人工繁殖和育苗成功的种类至少有14科30种，1999年大黄鱼的育苗量已超过3亿尾，其他年产种苗千万尾以上的海水鱼类有美国红鱼、花鲈、免状黄姑针、真鲷（春季生殖群体）和花尾胡椒鲷；年产种苗数百万尾的有黑鲷、勒氏笛鲷、断斑石鲈、免鱼和斜带髭稠等种类。石首鱼科鱼类已成为人工繁殖和育苗的主要对象。本文还针对福建海水鱼类增养殖的问题，提出今后可持续发展的几点设想。     

Assessment of coastal management options by means of multilayered ecosystem models

This paper presents a multilayered ecosystem modelling approach that combines the simulation of the biogeochemistry of a coastal ecosystem with the simulation of the main forcing functions, such as catchment loading and aquaculture activities. This approach was developed as a tool for sustainable management of coastal ecosystems. A key feature is to simulate management scenarios that account for changes in multiple uses and enable assessment of cumulative impacts of coastal activities. The model was applied to a coastal zone in China with large aquaculture production and multiple catchment uses, and where management efforts to improve water quality are under way. Development scenarios designed in conjunction with local managers and aquaculture producers include the reduction of fish cages and treatment of wastewater. Despite the reduction in nutrient loading simulated in three different scenarios, inorganic nutrient concentrations in the bay were predicted to exceed the thresholds for poor quality defined by Chinese seawater quality legislation. For all scenarios there is still a Moderate High to High nutrient loading from the catchment, so further reductions might be enacted, together with additional decreases in fish cage culture. The model predicts that overall, shellfish production decreases by 10%–28% using any of these development scenarios, principally because shellfish growth is being sustained by the substances to be reduced for improvement of water quality. The model outcomes indicate that this may be counteracted by zoning of shellfish aquaculture at the ecosystem level in order to optimize trade-offs between productivity and environmental effects. The present case study exemplifies the value of multilayered ecosystem modelling as a tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management and for the adoption of ecosystem approaches for marine resource management. This modelling approach can be applied worldwide, and may be particularly useful for the application of coastal management regulation, for instance in the implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive.     

福建省深远海养殖现状及发展对策

相较于池塘养殖、普通网箱养殖等传统海水养殖方式,深远海网箱养殖的区域水质环境质量更好,浮游生物密度大,可以达到仿野生养殖的环境,养殖出来的海产品存活率高,口感、品质有质的提升。发展深远海装备养殖能够有效拓展养殖空间、提升水产品品质、改善生态环境,已成为福建省推动海洋经济高质量发展的具体举措,对于进一步加快福建省海水养殖绿色发展、促进海洋科技创新发展、培育海洋产业新动能都具有重要意义。