大连地磁台址的选择思路及建设方案

大连地磁台是国家基准台,也是大连地震台的一个重要组成部分。由于观测环境受到附近工厂的干扰,1993年大连地磁台搬迁到大连市西郊的甘井子区辛寨子镇由家村。目前,伴随着城市建设的快速发展,地磁观测环境再一次受到干扰,必须选择新的台址。本文主要介绍新、老地磁台的台址情况、观测环境、基础设施,并视步探讨了新台址建设方案的可行性,为其他地磁台的搬迁改造提供一些参考。     

旅顺老铁山地震与大连地磁异常

本文用大连台1984、1985年的地磁资料,做了地磁短周期转换函数A、B值的计算和分析;用北京台、大连台1983年至1986年的地磁资料,做了地磁总场F相关分析和垂直分量Z差值分析.结果表明,在旅顺老铁山发生的M_L=4.5级地震前,大连地磁出现了前兆异常.     

地磁加卸载响应比与大连地区地震

大连及邻区在1981－1991年间发生了多次中强地震。本文作者应用地磁加卸载响应比方法对大连台1981－1991年地磁资料进行处理。在研究大连台P（Z）值的异常变化与该周围中强地震关系的基础上,给出映震异常的定量指标及预报效果。     

辽宁省地震局召开“三连冠”表奖大会

辽宁省地震局于1986年10月20日在大连市召开了对大连地震台和金州地震台的表奖大会。大连地震台的地磁观测工作,在基础较差的条件下,克服重重困难、奋起直追。在1983年,1984年和1985年的全国地磁观测资料质量评比中,连续三届获得地磁三类台第一名,并荣获司南奖杯。金州地震台的短水准观测工作,自建台以来,克服各种困难,坚持高标准、严要求。     

磁通门仪器室建设要点

地磁观测条件的特殊性决定了仪器观测室建设具有难度，本文介绍了大连地震台按照《地震及前兆数字指导规范（试行）》要求建设磁通门仪器室的过程及结果。     

北黄海M＿L5．0级地震与震磁效应

１９９３年１２月３１日北黄海５．０级地震前，在辽宁省１０个地磁台中，大连台和营口台与标准台铁岭核旋总场联台差值△Ｆ，分别出现了５－６ｎＴ的负异常，并在时间、形态、幅度上准同步，据此辽宁省地震局预报研究室地磁组提出了中短期预报意见。     

用地磁短周期变化资料初探吉林省部分地区地下的电性结构

本文利用吉林省长春、盘石、通化三个台的地磁短周期变化的资料与地质构造背景结合起来进行了初步分析,得出一些有意义的结果,对划分和判断是否属地震危险区有一定参考价值此外,利用北京至满州里间八个地磁台的资料推断,沈阳——大连之间可能存在着高导带。     

大连台地磁秒数据强震响应探讨分析

通过研究大连台地磁秒采样数据,发现在汶川M8.0和日本M8.6级地震中出现了同震响应,这一发现在辽宁地区地磁分钟值采样的朝阳、铁岭、营口台并未出现。经过同步对比等方法分析,得出响应延迟时间、响应幅度等特征与地震震中距有一定对应关系,并初步探讨了产生这种现象原因。     

大连地磁台天文方位角测量

论述大连地磁台天文方位角的测量原理、方法及观测结果,在地磁观测室未封顶的条件下,能在观测墩直接观测北极星,避免比测墩转角换算等因素增加的观测误差,观测精度提高.     

大连九龙地磁台的材料磁性检测

本文介绍了大连九龙地磁台建设工作中,对建筑材料进行选定,磁性检测,以及施工过程中用G856质子旋进式磁力仪进行磁性跟踪监测。实践证明,这样做能很好地满足地磁台站建设规范的技术要求。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.