观赏石信息管理系统开发及空间数据库建设

根据“安徽省观赏石资源调查评价项目”项目调查成果开发了观赏石信息管理系统和建立了安徽省观赏石资源调查空间数据库。     

安徽省观赏石资源开发利用研究

观赏石是一种可开发利用的经济矿产资源,安徽复杂的地质背景造就了丰富多样的观赏石资源,为了合理开发和利用安徽的观赏石资源,本文对安徽观赏石资源的品种、分布、开发利用现状与前景、存在的主要问题进行了初步研究,并提出合理开发和利用观赏石资源的建议.     

浙江省观赏石成因和分布规律

浙江省内观赏石资源丰富、类型齐全,目前已查明观赏石产地63处。本文初步探讨了浙江观赏石成因和分布规律。     

江西省观赏石资源及其开发前景

本文对观赏石的概念及江西省观赏石资源类型、石质特点、开发前景等进行了论述，就如何开发利用江西观赏石资源提出了具体建议。     

安徽省观赏石资源的分布及合理开发利用

在调查研究的基础上,论述了安徽省灵壁石、太湖石、景纹石、昌源石、腊石、青石、山花石资源的分布及其产出的地质条件,并对各石种的品质及特征进行了概述,同时,对安徽省观赏石资源开发利用现状进行分析,指出观赏石资源开发利用中存在的主要问题,并对安徽省观赏石开发利用前景进行论证,认为其开发利用前景喜人。     

谈山东观赏石资源现状及分类

山东观赏石资源十分丰富,种类多,造型美,品相佳。自古山东为观赏石大省,具有深邃的齐鲁石文化积淀。文中对山东观赏石分类,并着重论述了泰山石奇石、琅砑石、临朐石等30多种观赏石的机理及特征。对观赏石的研究与开发,领先的奇石文化市场,必然对山东经济发展具添砖增瓦意义,山东石文化将在发展中谱写出新的篇章。     

试谈观赏石类型划分

观赏石是指可供人们观赏的奇特的岩石、矿物,具有奇、特、美、珍、稀等特点,能满足人们求知、求新、求美的心里要求,它有“保值”的作用,又可供科学研究、考察与教学利用.近来,在专业刊物上发表了不少有关观赏石的含义和类型划分的文章.尽管意见不一,但有利于促进观赏石地质工作的开展,有利于观赏石业的发展.观赏石是地质矿产资源之一,有的还是地质旅游资源,因此,其类型划分时,应以地质理论作指导,以地质工作的基本方法(如地质观察研究)为基础,以地质、矿产资源为对象.在此笔者试提出观赏石类型划分的意见.     

广西观赏石资源及其开发前景

广西观赏石资源丰富，品种繁多，按观赏石产出的地质背景，形态特征及所含意义等特点将区内观赏石划分为６种类型，即造型石类，纹理石类，矿物晶体类，古生物化石类，事件石类，纪念石类，不同类型各具特色，具有广阔的开发前景，在观赏石贸易中注意保护资源，合理评估品级和价值，努力与国际接轨，不断提高广西的石文化水平。     

观赏石热令人瞩目

当今世界的发展,旅游、体育、收藏已成为三大热门。收藏热中,观赏石热正在异军突起。琳琅满目、五彩缤纷的石头,令人瞩目。近年来在江苏、上海、广西、四川、湖北、陕西、辽宁、山东、安徽等省区,开发观赏石资源的热潮发展迅速。在一些报刊、杂志、电台上,先后报道了各地造型别致、色彩艳丽的观赏石。在南京成立了雨花石协会,     

广西观赏石开发利用前景

石文化作为一种文化现象是华夏文化的重要内容，观赏石具有较高的收藏价值及商品经济价值。广西观赏石资源丰富，品种繁多，有较好的利用前景。根据观赏石的形态特征、产出地质条件划盼为造形石类，纹理石类，矿物晶体类，古生物化石类、特殊石类等，各类观赏石其形成地质环境各异，在大自然的雕塑下展现出的欣赏价值各放异彩。在商品经济中具有较大的潜力及较高收藏欣赏价值。     

新疆库车坳陷逆掩断裂在油气运聚中的作用

在研究新疆库车坳陷逆掩断裂、源岩和盖层空间发育特征的基础上,研究了逆掩断裂与源岩、盖层的空间匹配关系.认为断穿源岩、盖层的逆掩断裂则是油气散失的通道;勾通源岩,但未断穿盖层的逆掩断裂则是油气聚集的输导通道,它们控制着库车坳陷油气的聚散及其在空间上的分布.在研究库车坳陷逆掩断裂活动史和源岩排烃史、盖层封闭能力形成史的基础上,研究了逆掩断裂与源岩、盖层的时间匹配关系,认为盖层与源岩的时间匹配关系控制着可供运移的油气量;逆掩断裂与源岩的时间匹配关系控制着可供聚集的油气量,盖层与逆掩断裂的时间匹配关系控制着油气的富集量.     

Late Cretaceous to Miocene and Quaternary deformation history of the Chalk: Channels,slumps, faults,folds and glacitectonics

Late Cretaceous Chalk sedimentation history across the British Isles included (i) fault controlled uplift and subsidence in Northern Ireland and the Inner Hebrides and (ii) uplift along the lines of en echelon folds in Southern Britain and northern France. Synsedimentary slump folds and downslope displacement structures are compared with penecontemporaneous interbed slides and later tectonic folds and faults. Compressional strike-slip tectonic processes at Flamborough Head, Yorkshire, illustrate intra-Chalk slump beds in a half-graben setting. Progressive ‘growth’ of structures characterises early downslope slump folding, interbed sliding and some listric faulting. Sheet-flints replacing slide shear planes and early fractures provide evidence for early movements. Availability of open-slopes or the depth of burial under which the range of structures developed is reflected in the degree of disruption and fragmentation of chalk and flint. Fragmentation provides clues to the timing of events and origin of the Late Campanian Altachuile Breccia (Northern Ireland) and the Coniacian Hope Gap slides (Sussex). Fragmentation and formation of sheet flints together help distinguish intra-Chalk tectonics from Quaternary glacitectonic structures.The role of marl seams, high porosity chalk beds and hardgrounds on bed-sliding, décollement zones and disruption of chalk blocks from bedrock in glacitectonics is discussed. Chalk formations with marl seams develop a special style of fracturing related to early interbed sliding and pore-fluid escape structures. Marl-seams are shown to be primary sedimentary features and not the products of post depositional pressure-solution. More than any other formation the Late Santonian – Early Campanian Newhaven Chalk contains extensive sheet-flints and shows great lateral variation in thickness and lithology across the fold belts of southern England and northern France.     

辽河东部凹陷新生界火成岩岩性、岩相特征和储层控制因素

基于110口探井1 100 m岩心、500余口探井总长107 000 m火成岩井段资料,通过岩心观察、岩矿鉴定、物性测试和含油气性分析,研究了辽河坳陷东部凹陷新生界不同层系火成岩岩性、岩相发育特征和储层控制因素。结果显示：本区发育火山岩、侵入岩、沉火山碎屑岩3大类16种岩性,其中玄武岩类占91.0%;发育6相16种亚相,其中溢流相占63.0%;发育4类9种储集空间,次生孔隙和次生裂缝占主体。砾-粒间孔隙和裂缝发育的粗面岩类、玄武质火山碎屑（熔）岩和火山口-近火山口相带的侵出相、火山通道相和爆发相是最有利的储集岩性、岩相带。储层主要受岩性、岩相、断裂等多方面控制,岩性决定储集空间类型和储层微观特征,岩相控制储层宏观分布规律,断裂控制岩体分布范围、火山口位置和储层有效性。近油源、靠断裂的优势岩性、岩相带是火成岩油气勘探最有利目标。     

凹凸棒石、膨润土和活性炭吸附油中色素的研究

通过对凹凸棒石和膨润土酸活性点的测定和比较,以及对凹凸棒石、膨润土和活性炭的比表面积、孔径分布以及对油中叶绿素和胡萝卜素吸附的比较研究结果表明:凹凸棒石的B-、L-酸活性点均比膨润土高;对于膨润土和凹凸棒土,酸活性点多、孔径较大、比表面积大对叶绿素和胡萝卜素的吸附越有利,L-酸活性点主要吸附胡萝卜素;吸附剂在对叶绿素和胡萝卜的吸附过程中,起决定作用的是吸附剂与吸附质之间的相互作用力,只有在作用力较强时,比表面积和孔径分布才会对吸附效果产生影响。     

安徽铜陵地区早、晚石炭世地层之间砾岩的发现

通过一系列地层剖面的测制,在铜陵、南陵、泾县地区早、晚石炭世地层之间发现了沉积石英质砾岩和岩屑砾岩,肯定了本区在早、晚石炭世之间曾经历一次海平面下降和风化剥蚀作用,致使早石炭世地层在许多地方残缺不全,由于石英质砾岩与岩屑砾岩在岩性、沉积特征、成因等方面有明显的不同,分别称为浙溪组下段和浙溪组上段。早期的石英质砾岩由于受到后期的冲积扇沉积环境的影响,在一些剖面上表现为缺失。岩屑砾岩的沉积厚度、砾石大小等在纵、横向上变化较大,明显受古地理、古气候、古构造的控制。     

“地球动力学”的研究现状与展望——第32届国际地质大会研究成果综述

第32届国际地质大会通过按地域和构造作用过程等形式划分11个专题会场,展示了地球动力学的研究成果。其成果主要包括特提斯域构造演化及其不同阶段的块体裂解、拼合及后期改造的细节过程,地质历史中的超大陆分布和成因,俯冲—碰撞带深部构造和变质机制,安第斯山(Andes)缓倾角平坦式俯冲过程及其地壳变形和岩浆作用的响应,显微构造对动力作用过程的影响和控制,地壳和上地幔熔融、流变学和动力学意义,大洋岩石圈构造与演化,大陆地盾区构造和再活动,稳定大陆区地震,空间大地测量学和现代板块运动等方面。这些研究成果充分显示了地球动力学研究具有多学科、多手段(如古地磁、超深钻、地球物理、大地测量和GPS等)、多尺度(宏观、微观)和多时期、全面、综合、并逐步接近定时、定位和定量地探索和研究的特点,它从地球(主要为上地幔和地壳)的组成、结构构造入手,逐步认识地球(主要为地球岩石圈)的演化和动力学。     

Mineralogy of Holocene Sediments from the Southwestern Black Sea Shelf (Turkey) in Relation to Provenance, Sea-level and Current Regimes

Grain size and mineral composition of core sediments were used to investigate influences of various terrestrial and marine conditions, which have prevailed on the southwestern Black Sea shelf during the Holocene. Siliciclastic mud with small amounts of sand and gravel from nearby coastal hinterland is the principal sediment type, whereas sediments deposited near the shelf edge and the Istanbul Strait and off the Duru Lake （a paleo-river mouth） constitued large quantities of sand and gravel of both biogenic and terrigenic origin. Variable amounts of aragonite, 1 nmmicas, quartz, feldspars, calcite and dolomite constitute the dominant non-clay minerals in bulk sediments. The clay mineral assemblage in the 〈 2 μm fraction is made up of smectite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite. Aragonite and calcite are mainly derived from benthic accumulations, whereas feldspars （mainly plagioclase） and smectite reflect magmaticvolcanic provenance and the distribution of 1 nm-micas and chlorite correlate with nearby metamorphic sources onland. Nevertheless, grain size and mineral distribution generally indicate a combination of effects of wind and wave climate, longshore and offshore cyclonic currents, changing sea-level stands and nearby source rock and morphological conditions. It is also suggested that at least part of clay minerals could be derived from the northwesterly Danube River input.     

苏北玄武岩分布区滑坡研究与防治

在苏皖交界处的盱眙、六合新生代玄武岩分布区,滑坡灾害十分发育,给当地经济建设和人民生活带来了较大危害。通过分析滑坡类型、地质特征和活动规律,提出了防治灾害的具体措施。     

Mine tailings integrated investigations: The case of Rio tailings (Panasqueira Mine, Central Portugal)

Mining generates huge quantities of waste materials from ore extraction and milling operations, which accumulate in tailings and open impoundments. The risks associated with mine tailings have different nature, namely stability, rupture, surface and groundwater contamination, acid mine drainage (AMD) and precipitation of secondary minerals. In fact catastrophic failure of tailings impoundments has occurred, transporting slurry, dissolved metals and fine reactive metal particles to the environment.Often deposition conditions of old mine tailings are unknown and monitoring is deficient or even inexistent. Thus, in order to prevent accidents it is necessary to establish the internal structure, that is, mapping tailings impoundment, internal sediment structures – limits and stratigraphy – seepage and pathway locations, bedrock depth and topography estimates and actual deposition conditions of the tailings. Owing to the complexity of the problem, only integrated approaches can investigate and monitor comprehensively the characteristics and evolution of mine tailings and its impacts on the environment.As this is a multidisciplinary problem, strategies should consider integrated studies such as Geophysics, Geochemistry and borehole surveys. However data from these sources must be interpreted together, in a GIS database, to provide better models and an enhanced overall knowledge of the studied structures.It is proposed to test and validate such a methodology in a case study, Panasqueira mine, central Portugal and to contribute to the decision-making process of environmental and civil protection agencies with responsibilities in the assessing, prevention, mitigation, and controlling the potential and actual effects of tailings spills on the environment.     

酸性环境下生物成因施氏矿物稳定性研究

施氏矿物是酸性矿山废水中广泛存在的次生矿物,其形成和转化受环境pH值、温度和共存离子等条件影响。文中研究了酸性环境中生物成因施氏矿物和吸附了三价砷的生物成因施氏矿物,在不同温度和钾离子浓度条件下的稳定性。结果表明,老化温度的增加促进施氏矿物相的转变:4℃条件下,在15周的老化时间里,无砷及含砷施氏矿物均未发生相转变;而在40℃条件下,经过15周的老化,则无砷和含砷施氏矿物均发生了部分相转变。此外,钾离子浓度变化可以导致施氏矿物老化产物不同:生物成因施氏矿物在0.01mM钾离子条件下老化15周后的转化产物主要为针铁矿,在100mM钾离子条件下老化产物为黄钾铁矾和针铁矿。含As(Ⅲ)施氏矿物在0.01mM钾离子条件下老化15周后没有发生相转变,在100mM钾离子条件下发生了部分相转变,产物为黄钾铁矾。生物成因施氏矿物中的As(Ⅲ)使得矿物在环境中更加稳定。