大亚湾水体后向散射比率的光谱变化

采用2007年5月大亚湾浮标定点航次采集的生物-光学数据, 分析了大亚湾水体后向散射比率的光谱变化及其影响因素。分析结果表明, 660nm处后向散射比率变化范围在0.0040—0.0245之间, 均值为0.0082±0.0032, 实测后向散射比率光谱波段间的相对变化不超过15%; 颗粒后向散射比率随着叶绿素a浓度增加呈减小的趋势, 高叶绿素浓度显著对应较低的后向散射比率; 粒径是影响大亚湾水体后向散射比率的重要因素之一, 随着水体中Junge粒级斜率的增大, 颗粒后向散射比率显著增大; 折射率的变化也对后向散射比率产生一定影响, 类似的水体粒径分布情况下, 浮游植物与非藻类物质相对贡献的变化将导致折射率的明显变化, 并将主导水体后向散射比率的变化。     

Hydrological and biogeochemical features of the Northern Adriatic Sea in the period 2003–2006

This paper reports on the main biogeochemical properties of the Northern Adriatic Sea in the period May 2003–November 2006 within the framework of the European program INTERREG III Italy‐Slovenia. Spatial and temporal distributions of water density, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and silicon) and chlorophyll a are presented. Multivariate methods such as fuzzy k‐means, self‐organising maps and cluster analysis were used to identify the different water masses and to characterise the temporal and spatial variability of the main biogeochemical features present in the area. The results confirm that the Po River outflows and the meteorological forcing factors are the main components triggering the alternation of stratification and mixing of the water column and that strongly affect the trophic state of the basin. In general, oligotrophic conditions dominate, and were more pronounced offshore, but mesotrophy occurred episodically in May 2004 and July 2005, when phytoplankton blooms were observed concomitant with vertical stability of the water column. A marked interannual variability was also observed, supporting the importance of maintaining long‐term observations of the basin.     

Water quality and phytoplankton communities in Lake Pontchartrain during and after the Bonnet Carré Spillway opening,April to October 2008, in Louisiana,USA

The Bonnet Carré Spillway, located 28 miles northwest of New Orleans, was constructed in the early 1930s as part of an integrated flood-control system for the lower Mississippi River system. From 11 April to 8 May 2008, Mississippi River water was diverted through the spillway into the 629-square-mile Lake Pontchartrain, which is hydraulically connected to the Gulf of Mexico. On 8 April, prior to the opening of the spillway, water-quality instruments were deployed and recorded hourly measurements of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pH, and nitrate. Discrete water-quality and phytoplankton (algae) samples were collected in Lake Pontchartrain from 8 April to 3 October 2008 to assess the water-quality nutrient enrichment effects of the diversion on the lake. The maximum influence of river water in the southern portion of the lake was captured with continuous (hourly) monitoring of nitrate concentrations, and field measurements such as of specific conductance during the critical period in late April to early May. By late May, the deployed instruments had recorded the arrival, peak, and decline of selected constituents associated with the freshwater influx from the Mississippi River/Bonnet Carré Spillway diversion. The continuous monitoring data showed the short-term interactions of high-nitrate, low-specific conductance river water and low-nitrate, high-specific conductance lake water. The phytoplankton community composition, as an indicator of water quality, illustrated an extended response from the river water evident even after the continuous and discrete samples indicated that the lake had returned to pre-diversion conditions. The initial phytoplankton community response to nutrient increases was related to accumulations of diatoms. During periods of low nutrient concentrations, accumulations of blue-greens occurred by July and August. As blue-green algae cell densities and biovolumes increased in the summer, so did the species richness of blue-green algae, particularly the harmful algae bloom taxa. Cell densities and biovolume of the phytoplankton lake indicator taxa Skeletonema costatum, Anabaena sp., and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were highest and dominated the diatom and blue-green algae communities during the period of most river water influence on the lake and immediately following the freshwater inflows. The dominance and recession of these indictor taxa reflect the dramatic changes that occurred in the phytoplankton community in response to an increase in nutrient-rich freshwater from the diversion into the lake, and not normal seasonal phytoplankton compositional differences. Water-quality data indicated a gradual reversion to pre-diversion lake conditions by June to July, but shifts in the phytoplankton composition were still evident through August 2008. Observations from this study were similar to results from previous studies of Mississippi River/Bonnet Carré Spillway diversion opening in 1997.     

大亚湾生态监控区的浮游植物年际变化

依据国家海洋局、国家海洋局第三海洋研究所等权威机构2004~2007年所获的数据和资料,对大亚湾生态监控区近4a长时间尺度的浮游植物群落年际变化进行分析,通过物种组成、丰度变化、优势类群演替、群落结构及赤潮灾害事件来反映生境的退化,探讨其变化的主要原因及趋势。结果表明,浮游植物群落由暖水种占绝对优势转变为广温广布种占主导地位。种类与丰度呈逐年下降的态势,浮游植物丰度的分布保持西高东低,近岸高于远岸的特征,浮游植物的高丰度与营养盐丰富及温排水有关。终年以硅藻为优势种群,优势种演替具有明显的季节与年际变化,细长翼根管藻(Rhizosolenia alataf.gracillima)是春季稳定的优势种,柔弱拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissma)是夏季稳定的优势种,春末甲藻的优势度增加明显。浮游植物群落多样性指数呈逐年下降趋势,均匀度呈逐年上升态势。浮游植物的异常增殖及过度集中导致多样性较低,种间比例不均匀,群落结构单一。赤潮季节性发生频繁,发生频率及引发种类呈上升趋势,海洋环境脆弱。     

闽浙沿岸海域溶解态铝的分布及其影响因素

闽浙沿岸海域是我国赤潮多发区之一,为研究浮游植物对铝的清除提供了良好的场所。于2007年5月和2008年5月对该区域溶解态铝的分布进行了调查分析,讨论了水团混合、悬浮颗粒物以及浮游植物水华对溶解态铝分布的影响,结果表明,溶解态铝的分布表现为近岸高、远岸低、表层浓度低于底层的特点,统计分析显示两年观测的结果无显著差异。影响溶解态铝分布的因素主要有水团混合和底沉积物的再悬浮,此外浮游植物水华对溶解态铝也具有一定的清除作用。     

Spatial and temporal variations in pH and total alkalinity at the beginning of the rainy season in the Changjiang Estuary, China

The results of field observation carried out in May 2003 were used to examine pH and total alkalinity behaviors in the Changjiang Estuary. It was showed that pH and total alkalinity took on clear spatial variations in values with the minima in the low salinity region. Like salinity, transect distributions of pH and total alkalinity （TA） in a downriver direction had a sharp gradient each. These gradients appeared in such a sequence that the TA gradient was earlier than salinity and pH gradients, and the salinity gradient was earlier than the pH gradient. These distribution characteristics seemed to be strongly influenced by the mixing process of freshwater and seawater, for both pH and total alkalinity had significant linear relationships with salinity and temperature. For pH, phytoplankton activities also had a significant impact upon its spatial distribution. During a period of 48 h, pH and total alkalinity changed within wide ranges for every layer of the two anchor stations, namely, Stas 13 and 20, which were located at the mixed water mass and seawater mass, respectively. For both Stas 13 and 20, pH and TA fluctuation of every layer could be very wide during a 4 h period. As a whole, the data of the two anchor stations showed that neither variations in salinity and temperature nor phytoplankton activities were the main factors strongly influencing the total alkalinity temporal variability on a small time scale. The data of Sta. 20 implied that both salinity variation and phytoplankton activities had a significant influence on pH temporal variability, but the same conclusion could not be drawn from the data of Sta. 13.     

Seasonal distribution of primary production,phytoplankton biomass and size distribution in the Greenland Sea

The study establishes an annual estimate for annual primary production of 81 g C m⁻² for the open Greenland Sea based on data from five cruises and literature data. This estimate agrees well with a model estimate based on nutrient utilisation but is a factor of 2–5 less than published primary production estimates made by remote sensing of this area. The seasonal distribution of particulate primary production in open Greenland Sea waters followed the seasonal distribution of surface irradiance with a peak in June, indicating that light is the primary factor governing primary production in the area. At stations along the ice edge, blooms were recorded in both June and August, suggesting a pattern of repeated blooms during the summer season at the ice edge. Subsurface phytoplankton peaks were a persistent feature in the open Greenland Sea from May to August. These peaks were consisted of actively photosynthesising phytoplankton and up to 90% of total water column particulate primary production was estimated to occur in association with these peaks. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community during the spring bloom and in the Polar Water during August. Size distribution analyses of the phytoplankton communities indicated that the relative abundance of large cells compared to small cells was greatest in May as compared to June and August. No significant differences were noted between June and August in the slope of the phytoplankton size distribution spectra. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were measurable in surface waters on all cruises. Only in August were there some indications (altered Redfield ratios and higher nutrient concentrations in subsurface chlorophyll peaks than at the surface) of nutrient depletion of surface waters. Implications for food web structure and carbon flux of these patterns in phytoplankton activity and distribution are discussed.     

楚科奇海浮游植物的分布与环境因子的关系

根据1999年7—8月“雪龙”号考察船在楚科奇海采集的样品，运用PRIMER软件分析该区网采浮游植物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：楚科奇海浮游植物群聚可分为三个生态类群：北极-亚北极类群，主要分布于水深大于2000米且受北冰洋影响较直接的东北部浅水浮冰外缘；北方温带类群，主要分布于水深小于100米的中部浅水浮冰区：广温性类群，主要分布于通过白令海峡与北太平洋进行水交换的南部水域。该区浮游植物平面分布差异大，细胞密度站间变化范围为1．6×10^3～90680．2×10^4，物种多样性指数和均匀度站间变化范围分别为0．07～O．87和0．33～3．82。主成分（PCA）分析表明，对楚科奇海浮游植物分布起支配作用为水温和盐度。此外，由于该海区所处的特殊地理环境，浮冰的位黄及其物理状态（聚集、开裂和消融等）均会增加浮游植物分布的变异。     

Tidal effects on phytoplankton assemblages in a near‐pristine estuary: a trait‐based approach for the case of a shallow tropical ecosystem in Brazil

The study of near‐pristine estuaries can be used as a tool for mitigation projects of harmful effects in anthropogenic eutrophic systems, since one can analyze the effect of temporal and spatial variations generated mainly by natural forces. Phytoplankton taxonomy has been used as a classical indicator to assess changes in transitional water communities, however alternative methods based on morphological, behavioral and physiological traits offer the opportunity to compare sites or moments with different taxonomic compositions. Our goal, in this context, is to evaluate phytoplankton community short‐term and seasonal variability in a near‐pristine estuary, Barra Grande estuary (Ilha Grande, RJ, Brazil), through species functional traits and thus community functional diversity. Samplings were carried out in a mooring in complete tidal cycles, seasonally during 2012. Our results showed a diverse phytoplankton community with 38 frequent and abundant taxa, marked by density variation (1.2 × 10.4–2 × 10.7 cell L^?1) in depth, with abundance inversely related to tidal currents. The functional structure of the phytoplankton community measured by functional diversity (FD), varied seasonally in and across a gradient of tidal energy. A core community, mainly represented by flagellates and dinoflagellates, occurred in all observations and was highly functional (high FD), exploiting a variety of habitats. The chain‐forming diatoms were associated with high tidal energy, and occurred in higher densities during summer. Phytoplankton cell size, cell shape, and the ability to form colonies are extremely plastic traits that can be regulated by the environment, however, isolated tychopelagic diatoms were present in the study area across all seasons, with higher contributions in autumn and winter, reflecting the shallow characteristic of this system. During the winter, an exposed sandbar was formed, and the lack of connection with the ocean resulted in an abundance of riverine and brackish water taxa. In this near‐pristine estuary the densities and occurrences of HAB phytoplankton are low. Trait‐based analyses add information about community structure, which can be impacted by anthropogenic actions in urbanized coastal systems. Thus the information provided by this study regarding phytoplankton functional diversity and its relation to nutrients and hydrography in Barra Grande Estuary can be applied as a baseline model for the development of public policies.     

春季水库浮游生物与鲢鳙生长的关系

通过 2 0 0 0年春季对辽宁三座大中型山谷型水库的浮游生物和鲢鳙渔获物的 4、5月二次调查发现 :( 1) . 4月 ,各水库浮游植物生物量与其鲢鳙年平均渔获量正相关 ( p<0 .10 ) ,同时发现浮游植物在各水库的空间分布与环境因子无显著关系 ,浮游植物与浮游动物之间只有在产量较低的碧流河水库有极其显著的正相关关系 ( p<0 .0 1) ;但此时三水库浮游动物生物量的空间分布都与水温或流速相关显著 ( p<0 .0 5 ) ;( 2 ) . 5月 ,这种现象消失 ,而发现浮游植物多样性指数较 4月的比值与渔获量存在极显著的负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 1) ,浮游植物量空间分布的变异性与渔获量存在极显著的负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 2 ) ,浮游动物空间分布变异性与 4月的比值与渔获量存在显著负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 7) ;而且只有在鱼产量最低的碧流河水库显示了浮游动物生物量的空间分布与环境因子 (水温 )相关 ( p<0 .10 ) ;( 3) .鲢鳙肥满度和增重率显示与上述结果相对应 ,即浮游生物空间分布越不均匀 ,浮游植物的多样性指数随着温度的升高幅度越大的水库 ,鲢鳙的生长速度越快。认为 :1.鲢鳙的摄食 ,导致浮游生物的空间分布更均匀 ,而且使浮游植物的多样性受到限制 ;2 .用浮游生物空间分布的不均匀程度以及多样性指数的变化 ,可以用来评价和指导     

Spatio-temporal changes in the distribution of phytopigments and phytoplanktonic groups at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) site

We have made a comprehensive study of pigment distributions and microscopically determined phytoplankton abundances within the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) location in the North Atlantic to better understand phytoplankton variability, and make some suggestions regarding the composition of the material falling to the sea bed and its impacts on benthic organisms such as Amperima rosea. The area has been the focus of many studies of ocean fluxes and benthic communities over recent years, but little attention has been given to the spatio-temporal variability in the surface waters. Dawn casts over a 12-day period at the PAP mooring site (48.83°N 16.5°W) revealed the presence of only one species, the diatom Actinocyclus exiguus, at bloom concentrations for just 5 days. Smaller populations of other diatoms and the dinoflagellates Gymnodinium and Gyrodinium were also present at this time. Following this 5-day interval, a mixed population of small–sized dinoflagellates, prymnesiophytes, prasinophytes, chrysophytes and cyanobacteria occurred. It is clear from concomitant CTD/bottle surveys that rapid changes in phytoplankton community structure at a fixed time series position do not necessarily reflect a degradation or manifestation of one particular species but rather represent the movement of eddies and other water masses within very short timescales. These cause substantial variability in the species class and size fraction that may explain the variability in carbon export that has been seen at the PAP site. We also make some suggestions on the variable composition of the material falling to the seabed and its impact on benthic organisms such as Amperima rosea.     

Modeling the long-term variability of phytoplankton functional groups and primary productivity in the South China Sea

Primary productivity (PP) and phytoplankton structure play an important role in regulating oceanic carbon cycle. The unique seasonal circulation and upwelling pattern of the South China Sea (SCS) provide an ideal natural laboratory to study the response of nutrients and phytoplankton dynamics to climate variation. In this study, we used a three-dimensional (3D) physical–biogeochemical coupled model to simulate nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, PP, and functional groups in the SCS from 1958 to 2009. The modeled results showed that the annual mean carbon composition of small phytoplankton, diatoms, and coccolithophores was 33.7, 52.7, and 13.6 %, respectively. Diatoms showed a higher seasonal variability than small phytoplankton and coccolithophores. Diatoms were abundant during winter in most areas of the SCS except for the offshore of southeastern Vietnam, where diatom blooms occurred in both summer and winter. Higher values of small phytoplankton and coccolithophores occurred mostly in summer. Our modeled results indicated that the seasonal variability of PP was driven by the East Asian Monsoon. The northeast winter monsoon results in more nutrients in the offshore area of the northwestern Luzon Island and the Sunda Shelf, while the southwest summer monsoon drives coastal upwelling to bring sufficient nutrients to the offshore area of southeastern Vietnam. The modeled PP was correlated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at the interannual scale. The positive phase of ENSO (El Niño conditions) corresponded to lower PP and the negative phase of ENSO (La Niña conditions) corresponded to higher PP.     

2013年春季崂山湾浮游植物群落及其环境控制

2013 年春季(3、4、5 月)对崂山湾海域浮游植物群落及其理化环境进行了3 个航次的调查研究。共鉴定浮游植物40 属75 种, 硅藻是调查区主要的浮游植物类群; 浮游植物细胞丰度平均为1.27×10⁶个/m³,3 月份的平均丰度显著高于4、5 月份(P<0.01); 优势种主要为冰河拟星杆藻(Asterionopsis glacialis)、加拉星平藻(Asteroplanus karianus)、密联角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans), 浮游植物群落演替明显, 由3 月份硅藻控制逐步过渡到4、5 月份硅/甲藻共同控制; 相对较低的硝酸盐水平是导致4、5 月份浮游植物丰度显著低于3 月份的主要原因; 物种–环境数据的冗余分析(RDA)结果显示, 温度、硝酸盐含量是控制崂山湾春季浮游植物分布的重要环境因子。     

Analysis of temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton by physical-biological models

I reviewed my research on analysis of temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton by physical-biological models. This paper was prepared for a lecture of the member awarded the Okada Prize for 1991 from the Oceanographical Society of Japan.Temporal change of phytoplankton in a local upwelling was studied by simulated upwelling experiments conducted with natural phytoplankton communities under natural surface light conditions. Results of the culture experiments was explained by a simple model. This model allows to predict the chlorophyll and nutrient concentration changes in a given upwelled water mass.Above model was verified by a local upwelling observed off Izu, Japan, on May, 1982. Phytoplankton growth and nutrient decrease in surface water of the local upwelling were observed within two days followed by decrease of phytoplankton concentration under depleted nutrient environment. The phytoplankton growth and nutrient decrease could explained by the model with phytoplankton removal rate of about half of the growth rate. Centric diatom was the dominant phytoplankton group and pennate diatom showed less abundance in the upwelled water. Pennate diatom showed fast growth rate when nutrient was abundant and fast decreasing rate after nutrient depleted. On the other hand, flagellate and monads showed relatively slow change of biomass under the change of nutrient concentrations. Furthermore, resting spore formation of centric diatom,Leptocylindrus danicus, was observed in a response to nutrient depletion.Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton in the southeastern U.S. continental shelf ecosystem was studied by physical-biological models. First, differences of the biological responses to frontal eddy upwelling during spring and to intrusion during summer was considered by Lagrangian particle tracing experiments with optimally-interpolated flow fields. In spring, particles showed residence time of a few days; however, particles in summer intrusion stayed on the shelf nearly 30 days. It was concluded that difference of particle residence time of upwelled water make the difference of plankton communities. Similar flow fields and particle tracing experiments were used to trace the features in chlorophyll distributions during spring of 1980 derived by Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). Phytoplankton patchness were created and deformed by frontal eddy events. Eularian physical-biological model was constructed to understand the CZCS-chlorophyll distributions. Statistical comparisons with series of numerical experiments indicate that horizontal advection is an important process for the chlorophyll distributions and that upwelling and associated phytoplankton growth are responsible for the across-shelf gradients and maintenance of concentrations. Furthermore, the CZCS data were assimilated to the model to improve the phytoplankton concentrations, and phytoplankton carbon flux across shelf was estimated. Processes causing the time changes of chlorophyll concentrations were estimated with the model and satellite data further indicated that the both physical and biological forcing is important for the time chages. Several other studies conducted presently were mentioned.     

A three-dimensional water quality model and its application to Jiaozhou Bay, China

A three-dimensional coupled physical and water quality model was developed and applied to the Jiaozhou Bay to study water quality involving nutrients, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, and phytoplankton that are closely related to eutrophication process. The physical model is a modified ECOM-si version with inclusion of flooding/draining processes over the intertidal zone. The water quality model is based on WASP5 which quantifies processes governing internal nutrients cycling, dissolved oxygen balance and phytoplankton growth. The model was used to simulate the spatial distribution and the temporal variation of water quality in the Jiaozhou Bay for the period of May 2005 to May 2006. In addition, the effect of reduction of riverine nutrients load was simulated and evaluated. The simulated results show that under the influence of nutrients discharged from river, the concentrations of nutrients and phytoplankton were higher in the northwest and northeast of the bay, and decreased from the inner bay to the outer. Affected by strong tidal mixing, the concentrations of all state variables were vertically homogeneous except in the deeper regions where a small gradient was found. Obvious seasonal variation of phytoplankton biomass was found, which exhibited two peaks in March and July, respectively. The variation of riverine waste loads had remarkable impact on nutrients concentration in coastal areas, but slightly altered the distribution in the center of the bay.     

Analysis of the development and causes of formation of Eucampia zoodiacus red tide in Xiamen Harbor

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｕｃａｍｐｉａｚｏｏｄｉａｃｕｓｒｅｄｔｉｄｅｉｎＸｉａｍｅｎＨａｒｂｏｒ￥ＺｈａｎｇＳｈｕｉｊｉｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪｕｎｅ２０，１９９４；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅ...     

Water Quality Improvements in Liverpool Docks: The Role of Filter Feeders in Algal and Nutrient Dynamics

Abstract. The redevelopment of disused docks around Liverpool into areas suitable for shops, offices, housing and recreational watersports has necessitated the maintenance of good water quality in these areas. The main source of water to the docks is the River Mersey, which contains high concentrations of nutrients, encouraging algal blooms - including potentially nuisance species - in the enclosed dock basins. Since 1988 an extensive monitoring programme has been run sampling the hydrography, plankton and benthos of the docks. During this period there has been an improvement in water quality, including a reduction in summer phytoplankton biomass and anoxic bottom water. There are strong indications that phytoplankton biomass has been severely reduced by the filter feeding of Mytifus edulis . Changes in the composition of the benthic community since 1988 suggest that the large population of M. edulis is now suffering from limited recruitment. The long-term development and stability of the system is discussed with reference to community succession and its link to ecosystem functioning.     

Phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay,northeastern Japan,after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and tsunami

The tsunami caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake seriously damaged the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. In addition to its direct disturbance, a tsunami can indirectly affect coastal pelagic ecosystems via topographical and environmental changes. We investigated seasonal changes in the phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan, from May 2011, which was 2 months after the tsunami, to May 2013. The phytoplankton species composition in May 2011 was similar to that observed in May 2012 and 2013. The present results are consistent with the dominant species and water-mass indicator species of phytoplankton in past records. These results suggest that there was no serious effect of the tsunami on the phytoplankton community in Otsuchi Bay. Community analysis revealed that two distinct seasonal communities appeared in each year of the study period. The spring–summer community was characterized by warm-water Chaetoceros species, and dinoflagellates appeared from May to September. The fall–winter community was characterized by cold neritic diatoms, which appeared from November to March. The succession from the spring–summer community to the fall–winter community took place within a particular water mass, and the fall–winter community appeared in both the surface water and the Oyashio water mass, suggesting that water-mass exchange is not the only factor that determines the phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay.     

2009 年春季辽东湾网采浮游植物群落结构

分析了2009 年春季(5 月)渤海辽东湾网采浮游植物物种组成, 丰度分布, 生物多样性指数及群落相似性。春季共鉴定出浮游植物3 门23 属32 种, 主要隶属硅藻门和甲藻门, 生态类型多为温带近岸型和广布型种类, 少部分为暖海性物种或大洋性物种。优势种有夜光藻(Noctiluca scientillans)、翼鼻状藻(Proboscia alata)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、巨圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus gigas)和尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)等。浮游植物在各站位的细胞丰度分布不均匀, 其平面分布呈现由沿岸海域向海湾中部海域递减的趋势。Shannon-Wiener 指数、Pielou 指数较低, 群落结构简单, 稳定性较差。聚类分析结果表明群落之间的相似性较高。     

胶州湾叶绿素的浓度、分布特征及其周年变化

2003年6月-2004年5月对胶州湾及邻近海域水体中叶绿素a浓度变化及其空间分布进行了周年调查.结果表明,调查海域叶绿素a全年平均浓度为2.81mg/m^3,月平均浓度变化范围为0.73-8.44 mg/m^3.整个海域叶绿素a浓度周年变化呈现双峰型,分别在夏季8月和冬季2月出现两个高峰,但是不同区域的变化幅度不同,其水平分布格局为湾内高于湾外,湾内北部高于南部.营养盐浓度变化与叶绿素a浓度的变动未发现明显的相关性,但是在局部海域硅酸盐对冬季浮游植物水华的进一步发展具有一定的限制作用.综合分析营养盐、叶绿素a和浮游动物的周年变化及其之间的关系显示,下行控制（Top-down control）在胶州湾浮游植物的数量变动中起着重要的调控作用.