三维弹性侧壁液舱内液体晃动波面的实验研究

通过物理模型实验,对弹性侧壁液舱和刚性液舱内液体晃荡问题进行了研究。由于流固耦合的影响,弹性侧壁液舱内液体晃荡的最低阶固有频率稍小于同尺寸的刚性液舱内液体晃荡的最低阶固有频率。液舱模型处于纵向简谐激励作用下,其中激励频率在最低阶固有频率附近。实验分析两种相对液深比h/L=0.167和h/L=0.333,在二阶模态的次共振和一阶模态的共振状况下,对弹性侧壁液舱与刚性液舱内不同测点的波面、振幅谱和晃动波高进行对比分析。结果表明:在浅液深(h/L=0.167)一阶共振下,流固耦合对波面形态的影响比较明显,弹性侧壁液舱内测点晃动波高明显大于刚性液舱内对应测点波高;而在一般液深(h/L=0.333)一阶共振下,水弹性效应减弱,弹性侧壁液舱与刚性液舱内对应测点处波高差异较小。     

弹性液舱内液体晃荡实验研究

通过物理模型实验,对水平简谐激励下弹性矩形液舱内液体晃荡问题进行了研究。实验中给出了不同液深和不同激励振幅下弹性液舱内液体最低阶固有频率。采用影像采集与分析系统获得液舱内自由液面的形状和高度,通过压力采集系统得到舱壁上的压力分布。实验中分析了不同液深、不同激励频率下弹性和刚性液舱内自由液面高度和晃荡压力的变化特性。比较了弹性和刚性液舱内不同位置处自由液面高度随外界激励频率的变化规律,以及舱壁上不同位置处的压力峰值随外界激励频率的变化规律。结果表明:非共振情况下,弹性和刚性实验结果及理论值三者的波高和压力较为接近。共振情况下,弹性和刚性波高基本相等,在近舱壁处二者明显大于理论值,而在远离舱壁处二者与理论值存在一定差别;弹性压力较刚性压力略小,但二者与理论值差别较大。     

MPS方法数值模拟液舱晃荡问题

基于无网格粒子法MPS方法(moving particle semi-implicit method)研究了液舱晃荡问题。针对二维矩形液舱晃荡问题进行了数值验证,结果表明MPS方法能够很好地计算晃荡产生的拍击压力。同时将MPS方法应用到带隔板的液舱晃荡问题计算中,分析了二维和三维带隔板液舱晃荡问题。计算结果表明:隔板的存在很大程度地限制了流体的水平运动,隔板附近出现了自由面的翻卷、破碎和融合现象,MPS方法能够很好地模拟这些流动现象。计算得到的波高与实验测得的波高吻合较好,表明MPS方法模拟带隔板的晃荡问题具有一定的可靠性。     

规则波作用下四锚浮标系统动力分析

随着水深的增加,海洋浮标系泊缆索的长度也增加,对其浮标系泊系统进行动力分析是非常重要的.基于势流理论,应用边界元方法在频域内计算浮标的附加质量和阻尼、一阶波浪力和二阶平均漂移力,通过快速傅里叶变换将计算结果转换到时域,应用莫里森公式计算浮标及其skirt的粘性阻尼力,应用非线性有限元方法计算系泊缆索张力,最后在时域内应用四阶Runge- Kutta法计算浮标的运动响应和系泊缆索张力.比较分析了两种水深条件下,不同skirt直径和缆索长度情况下浮标的水动力特性、运动响应和系泊缆索张力.计算结果表明,浮标skirt的存在对纵荡方向的附加质量和辐射阻尼基本没有影响,而垂荡方向的附加质量增加,辐射阻尼减小,且能够减小二阶平均波浪力的峰值.     

内孤立波与Spar型浮式风机平台耦合作用研究

针对内孤立波与系泊浮式平台的耦合作用问题,本文以单立柱Spar型浮式风机平台为研究对象,研究了平台在内孤立波作用下的耦合运动特性。利用重叠网格技术及自编耦合动力程序,以计算流体动力学求解Navier-Stokes流体控制方程,建立了Spar型浮式风机平台与内孤立波(Internal solitary waves, ISWs)流固耦合作用数值模型。通过系列数值模拟,研究了Spar型浮式风机平台在内孤立波作用下的水平动态载荷和纵荡、横荡规律。研究表明,内孤立波对Spar平台会产生较显著的水平作用力,并产生大幅的水平位移;在水深一定时,同一流体分层比下,随着内孤立波振幅提高,纵荡运动幅值增大;当振幅一定时,随着流体分层比的增大,纵荡幅值减小;通过调整系泊系统,发现非线性系泊系统下平台纵荡幅值要大于线性系泊系统下的情况,即线性系泊系统会低估纵荡运动幅值。     

畸形波作用下张力腿浮式风力机动力响应特性

针对张力腿系泊浮式风力机的基础运动,忽略柔性构件的影响,建立气动—水动—系泊非线性耦合运动方程。在运动控制方程中包含张力腿系泊系统的非线性回复刚度,桨距角控制以及浮式基础运动对空气动力载荷的影响。在波浪载荷的计算中考虑二阶波浪载荷的作用。采用随机频率相位角调制法生成畸形波波面时历,计算在畸形波作用下张力腿型浮式风力机的动力响应特性。数值模拟结果表明,在畸形波作用下,浮式基础的运动及空气动力性能均受到了显著的影响。其中浮式基础的纵荡和纵摇运动分别受二阶差频与和频波浪力的影响,而垂荡运动的增加则主要是受下沉运动的影响。在畸形波经过的时刻,风力机的功率系数迅速下降,水平方向的风载荷波动先减小,随后其数值急剧下降,而垂直方向的风载荷波动增大。     

浅水调谐液体阻尼器阻尼力的模拟研究

调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)是有效的结构减振装置。TLD在激励作用下内部液体运动属于晃荡问题。本文建立了求解二维不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的数值模型。数值模型采用对时间积分的分步方法求解压力项,THINC格式捕捉自由面。利用晃荡试验数据验证了模型计算结果的正确性。模拟了不同深度的浅水TLD在不同频率激励作用下内部液体的运动,计算了TLD晃荡产生的阻尼力。分析激励频率对TLD中液体运动的形态和阻尼力的影响。浅水TLD中液体运动形态主要为行波。TLD产生的阻尼力受激励频率影响,在固有频率附近产生共振现象,阻尼力大,减振效果理想。     

传统Spar平台和型组合共振运动响应研究

研究传统Spar平台在长周期规则波浪下的和型组合共振现象.考虑垂荡与纵摇运动的相互影响以及瞬时波面对于纵摇运动的参数激励作用,建立平台两自由度耦合运动方程.采用多尺度法导出了当波浪频率接近垂荡与纵摇固有频率之和时方程的一阶摄动解.针对一座实际Spar平台,通过求解幅值分岔方程,得到平台在不同波高下的运动响应并进行了数值模拟.计算结果发现,当波浪幅值超过某一极限值时,平台出现较大幅值的垂荡与纵摇亚谐共振运动.研究结果揭示了Spar平台出现和型组合共振的条件和组合共振时的动力特性.     

近岸带三组成波耦合作用的观测与分析

利用近岸带两个测点的波浪同步观测资料，通过二阶谱分析了三组成波的非线性相互作用。对波谱峰频自相互作用的二阶相干系数b^2(fp，fp）及对应的二阶位相值β(fp，fp)、最大二阶谱幅值B最大(f1，f2)和最大二阶相干系数b^2最大(f1，f2)的组成波频率分析结果表明：(1)弱频散作用的过渡水深区存在着明显的非共振三组成波耦合作用；(2)包括谱峰频在内的自相互作用是近岸区波耦合作用的重要形式；(3)随着水深减小，趋近碎波带，非线性耦合作用进一步增强，谱能量以向低频转移为主变为向高、低频两侧转移，波形趋于前倾。     

新型激光雷达浮标运动响应特性数值研究

以新型激光雷达浮标系统为研究对象,基于ANSYS/AQWA开展了激光雷达浮标系统运动响应特性数值研究,研究了浮标吃水深度、形状参数对于激光雷达浮标运动响应的影响规律,分析了附加质量、辐射阻尼、运动响应RAO及一阶、二阶波浪力等水动力参数。采用时域分析方法对不同风浪流荷载入射角度下的激光雷达浮标锚泊系统张力特性进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:随着浮标吃水深度的增加,浮标纵荡方向响应无明显变化,垂荡响应显著增大;随着浮标底部圆台直径的增大,浮标纵荡方向响应变化较小,而圆柱形浮标垂荡运动响应显著大于圆台形浮标;当浮标系泊锚链发生松弛—张紧状态变化时易出现极端张力,且极端张力出现的幅值和频率随有效波高的增大和谱峰周期的减小而增大。     

Second-order resonance of sloshing in a tank

Sloshing in a two-dimensional rectangular tank in horizontal motion is analysed based on the velocity potential theory. It is found that even when the first-order excitation is away from all the natural frequencies of the tank, second-order resonance can still occur when the sum-frequency or the difference-frequency is equal to one of the natural frequencies corresponding to the even mode. However, such resonance is not excited when the sum or difference frequency is equal to the natural frequency of an odd mode.     

Radar scattering on gravity-capillary waves: Laboratory investigation

The mechanism of the resonance (Bragg) scattering of microwaves by gravity-capillary waves (GCWs) is checked experimentally. Resonant regularities of backscattered signal intensity are obtained as functions of frequency and GCW propagation direction. It is shown that the width of the resonance curves is determined by the width of the directivity pattern of the scatterometer’s antenna. The excitation of the GCW second harmonic and the spatial structure of the wave field at the GCW doubled frequency are investigated. The ratio of the amplitudes of the free wave and forced harmonic that originated during excitation of the primary wave is determined. The resonance curve is obtained for the second-order scattering of radio waves (on forced harmonics and free GCWs). The correction to the backscattering cross section is investigated in the second order of smallness relative to the Bragg term.     

Internal Resonances for Heave, Roll and Pitch Modes of A Spar Platform Considering Wave and Vortex-Induced Loads in the Main Roll Resonance

We present a study of the nonlinear coupling internal resonance for the heave roll and pitch performance of a spar platform under the wave and vortex-induced loads when the ratio of the frequencies of heave, roll and pitch are approximately 2:1:1. In consideration of varying wet surface, the three DOFs nonlinear coupled equations are established for the spar platform under the effect of the first-order wave loads in the heave and pitch, and vortex-induced loads in the roll. By utilizing the method of multi-scales when the vortex-induced frequency is close to the natural roll frequency, the first-order perturbation solution is obtained analytically and further validated by the numerical integration. Sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the influence of the damping and the internal detuning parameter. Two cases with internal resonance are shown. The first case is that no saturation phenomenon exists under small vortex-induced loads. The first order perturbation solution illustrates that only the vortex-induced frequency motion in roll and the super-harmonic frequency motion in heave are excited. The second case is that the vortex-induced loads are large enough to excite the pitch and a saturation phenomenon in the heave mode follows. The results show that there is no steady response occurrence for some cases. For these cases chaos occurs and large amplitudes response can be induced by the vortex-induced excitation.     

Internal Resonances for Heave,Roll and Pitch Modes of A Spar Platform Considering Wave and Vortex-Induced Loads in the Main Roll Resonance

We present a study of the nonlinear coupling internal resonance for the heave roll and pitch performance of a spar platform under the wave and vortex-induced loads when the ratio of the frequencies of heave, roll and pitch are approximately 2:1:1. In consideration of varying wet surface, the three DOFs nonlinear coupled equations are established for the spar platform under the effect of the first-order wave loads in the heave and pitch, and vortexinduced loads in the roll. By utilizing the method of multi-scales when the vortex-induced frequency is close to the natural roll frequency, the first-order perturbation solution is obtained analytically and further validated by the numerical integration. Sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the influence of the damping and the internal detuning parameter. Two cases with internal resonance are shown. The first case is that no saturation phenomenon exists under small vortex-induced loads. The first order perturbation solution illustrates that only the vortex-induced frequency motion in roll and the super-harmonic frequency motion in heave are excited. The second case is that the vortex-induced loads are large enough to excite the pitch and a saturation phenomenon in the heave mode follows.The results show that there is no steady response occurrence for some cases. For these cases chaos occurs and large amplitudes response can be induced by the vortex-induced excitation.     

Nonlinear hydroelastic analysis of a moored floating body

By integration of the second-order fluid pressure over the instantaneous wetted surface, the generalized first- and second-order fluid forces used in nonlinear hydroelastic analysis are obtained. The expressions for coefficients of the generalized first- and second-order hydrodynamic forces in irregular waves are also given. The coefficients of the restoring forces of a mooring system acting on a flexible floating body are presented. The linear and nonlinear three-dimensional hydroelastic equations of motion of a moored floating body in frequency domain are established. These equations include the second-order forces, induced by the rigid body rotations of large amplitudes in high waves, the variation of the instantaneous wetted surface and the coupling of the first order wave potentials. The first-order and second-order principal coordinates of the hydrelastic vibration of a moored floating body are calculated. The frequency characteristics of the principal coordinates are discussed. The numerical results indicate that the rigid resonance and the coupling resonance of a moored floating body can occur in low frequency domain while the flexible resonance can occur in high frequency domain. The hydroelastic responses of a moored box-type barge are also given in this paper. The effects of the second-order forces on the modes are investigated in detail.     

Finite Element Analysis to Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Sloshing Problems

A two-dimensional nonlinear sloshing problem is analyzed by means of the fully nonlinear theory and time domain second order theory of water waves. Liquid sloshing in a rectangular container subjected to a horizontal excitation is sim-ulated by the finite element method. Comparisons between the two theories are made based on their numerical results, It is found that good agreement is obtained for the case of small amplitude oscillation and obvious differences occur for large amplitude excitation. Even though, the second order solution can still exhibit typical nonlinear features of nonlinear wave and can be used instead of the fully nonlinear theory.     

Experimental Studies on Sloshing Mitigation Using Dual Perforated Floating Plates in A Rectangular Tank

The performance of dual perforated floating plates in a rectangular tank is investigated based on the model tests under different external excitations for different filling rates.It is found that dual perforated floating plates in the tank can remarkably mitigate violent resonant sloshing responses compared with the clean tank,especially when the external excitation frequency is in the vicinity of the first-order resonant frequency.Next,the parametric studies based on different filling rates and external excitation amplitudes are performed for the first-order resonant frequencies.The presence of dual perforated floating plates seldom shifts the sloshing natural frequencies.Further,dual perforated floating plates change the sloshing modes from the standing-wave mode in the clean tank to the Utube mode,which can arise from the sloshing reduction to some extent.     

Coupled analysis of nonlinear sloshing and ship motions

A coupled numerical model considering nonlinear sloshing flows and the linear ship motions has been developed based on a boundary element method. Hydrodynamic performances of a tank containing internal fluid under regular wave excitations in sway are investigated by the present time-domain simulation model and comparative model tests. The numerical model features well the hydrodynamic performance of a tank and its internal sloshing flows obtained from the experiments. In particular, the numerical simulations of the strong nonlinear sloshing flows at the natural frequency have been validated. The influence of the excitation wave height and wave frequency on ship motions and internal sloshing has been investigated. The magnitude of the internal sloshing increases nonlinearly as the wave excitation increases. It is observed that the asymmetry of the internal sloshing relative to still water surface becomes more pronounced at higher wave excitation. The internal sloshing-induced wave elevation is found to be amplitude-modulated. The frequency of the amplitude modulation envelope is determined by the difference between the incident wave frequency and the natural frequency of the internal sloshing. Furthermore, the coupling mechanism between ship motions and internal sloshing is discussed.