都兰和大武地电场观测干扰因素分析

采用都兰和大武地震台地电场观测资料,收集整理了影响地电场观测的干扰源;利用常规变化干扰的识别方法,对各种干扰因素进行分析研究。由于观测物理量的原因,地电场观测所受到的干扰因素比较多,通过对典型干扰事件进行列举论证,阐述了如何正确识别干扰异常和非干扰异常,对今后正确排除各类干扰源,鉴别地电场震前异常变化提供依据。     

湟源地震台数字地震记录的环境干扰分析及滤波器制作

对湟源地震台周边各种因素所致的地震记录干扰情况进行了分析,认为干扰源主要有采石场爆破、灌溉水渠、小河、车辆干扰及各种天气及固有干扰等。根据这些干扰源的频谱特性,采用MATLAB语言,设计、编制了不同类型的滤波器,在震相识别上发挥了很大作用。     

锡林浩特地震台地磁观测干扰分析

对内蒙古自治区锡林浩特地震台2019年10-11月质子矢量磁力仪FHD-2B的数据进行常规分析,发现D分量测值数据出现噪声大、突跳多的异常现象。对该台质子矢量磁力仪受干扰数据进行傅里叶变换和小波分析,确定干扰源范围,排除外界干扰可能。进一步对仪器进行检测,确定干扰原因为参数漂移,在进行参数校正后,观测数据恢复正常。     

青海门源地震台爆破干扰的分析与甄别

随着我国经济建设的发展,很多地震台站的观测环境受到各种工程施工的破坏,给测震观测带来干扰。对门源地震台爆破干扰进行了系统分析,确定观测环境的干扰源,并对干扰源的特征做以甄别,研究结果有助于评估门源地震台测震背景干扰的严重程度。     

石柱地震台地磁观测干扰分析

2016年以来石柱地震台地磁观测数据明显受到环境干扰,与相邻地震台日均值数据进行相关性分析,确定在干扰时段内,地磁观测数据主要受台站环境改造及周边建筑施工影响。据干扰产生原理将干扰源分为铁磁性和电磁性干扰,分析干扰时段内地磁观测数据曲线典型特征,为今后地磁台站选址及干扰判别积累经验。     

溧阳台体应变干扰的查找与排除

从溧阳台体应变分钟值曲线中．我们发现两起较明显的干扰现象。根据两起干扰的记录特征,我们对仪器、信号接线、仪器接地线和外部环境干扰逐步分析检查,发现其中一起是由交流电源干扰引起的,另一起是由仪器信号线接触不良导致的。针对不同原因,我们采取了相应的处理办法．有效排除了两起干扰源对体应变记录的干扰。     

崇明地震台ELF观测数据受地铁干扰情况分析

简要介绍崇明地震台ELF电磁观测系统,对观测数据在干扰时段与无干扰时段功率谱值进行对比分析,发现城市轨道交通对崇明台ELF观测的磁场数据存在干扰,且对磁场低频段干扰较大;对电场数据未见明显干扰;磁场与干扰源方向存在相关性。     

一种地电阻率场地干扰的快速检测方法

对2018年洛阳地震台地电阻率观测区域出现的1次典型漏电干扰进行分析。经初步分析、干扰源模拟定位、干扰源现场调查等,确定干扰源的位置。通过对此次干扰的分析与排查,归纳总结出一种便利、快速的干扰检测定位方法。     

SS-Y型伸缩仪环境干扰的异常研究

对易县地震台SS-Y型伸缩仪2014—2021年观测数据受环境干扰的5个典型事件进行异常分析,结合易县台形变山洞所处的构造应力背景场,并利用模型定量计算得出:①荷载干扰源对易县台伸缩仪观测数据造成的荷载应变量与干扰源的距离、荷载量有关并呈正相关;②易县台SS-Y型伸缩仪三分向中NS测项、NE测项受到荷载干扰曲线异常幅度...     

河北昌黎地震台地电场观测数据干扰排查与分析

地震台站地电场观测会受到各种因素的干扰,必须快速发现并消除干扰源,以保障观测数据的正常输出。2019年5月17日—6月4日,昌黎地震台地电场观测受不明原因干扰,观测数据产生畸变,与已知干扰类型数据特征进行对比分析,发现与常见干扰源所致数据变化形态特征不同;按照干扰数据变化特征,假设干扰源与观测台站的相对位置关系,布设简易的野外观测点,成功定位本次观测干扰源。最终确认,昌黎台地电场干扰由位于台站东南方向的铁件铸造厂变压器电缆漏电所致。此次干扰源排查,可为同类地电台站观测数据干扰分析提供参考。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

中国大陆构造环境监测网络基准站多路径效应影响因素浅析

在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。