塔里木地区早古生代海平面波动特征:来自地球化学及岩溶的证据

下古生界是塔里木盆地内最有潜力找到大油气田的层位。通过盆地内48口钻至下古生界钻井的沉积层序与沉积相分析、9800km地震剖面的地震相分析、大量Sr、C同位素及微量元素分析,并结合相关资料,开展了寒武纪—奥陶纪的以世或期为单位的岩相古地理研究,定性探讨海平面变迁。在此基础上,运用沉积地球化学定量探讨海平面的波动。分析表明,早古生代塔里木地区经历了两次大规模的海侵与海退过程,寒武纪和奥陶纪各经历了一次。每个海侵与海退过程内各包含了两个较高频的海平面升降旋回,即早寒武世早期海侵—早寒武世中期至中寒武世晚期海退、中寒武世末期海侵—晚寒武世晚期海退、早奥陶世早期至中奥陶世中期海侵—中奥陶世晚期海退、晚奥陶世早期海侵—晚奥陶世中至晚期海退。在上述2次大规模的海侵与海退以及4个较高频的海平面升降旋回中,两次大的海侵分别发育于早寒武世早期以及晚奥陶世早中期,三次较大的海退出现于中寒武世晚期、晚寒武世末期、晚奥陶世早期。岩溶在地层格架中的发育支持了上述结论。     

甘肃北山地区"破城山组"的初步修订和时代

甘肃北山地区破城山组层型剖面的地层已强烈褶皱，包括时代分别属于震旦纪、早寒武世晚期、中—晚寒武世、早奥陶世的多个岩组，需要重新修订。过去在该组发现的华南早寒武世早中期的分带化石Eoredilchia纯属误定，它实际上是一个属于早寒武世中—晚期的原油栉虫科(Protolenidae)的三叶虫。     

甘肃昌马地区寒武纪构造演化探讨

位于北祁连山造山带西段的昌马地区，1：5万东湾、三道湾幅区调在中寒武世地层中发现Leiosphaeridia，Lophosphaeridium，Cymatiosphaera，Retisphaeridium，Synsphaeridium，Multiplicisphaeridium，Retinarites等晚震旦世的藻类化石。据此，笔者将本区中寒武世地层解体为3部分：晚震旦世地层、早寒武世地层和中寒武世黑茨沟组。并对锅底坑蛇绿混杂岩带进行了确认，在此基础上对本区寒武纪构造演化模式作以探讨。     

贵州寒武系的分区

本文是在综合研究了贵州寒武纪的沉积相和生物相特征、古地理位置及地质发展史之后,对贵州寒武系的分区分六个时期(即梅树村期、筇竹寺期、沧浪铺期、龙王庙期、中寒武世和晚寒武世)进行了较详细的划分和论述。     

皖南东至地区寒武系层序地层研究

皖南东至地区寒武系在地层分区上可以分为下扬子地层分区、过渡地层分区和江南地层分区，生物群上出现了两区特征分子和过渡区的混生现象，并处于台地与盆地交接部位。通过对分别位于台地、斜坡和盆地露头层序地层研究，将寒武纪地层自下而上划分为三个Ⅱ类沉积层序和二个Ⅰ类沉积层序，早寒武世的三个Ⅱ类沉积层序的陆架边缘体系域不发育；中寒武世晚期到晚寒武世的二个Ⅰ类沉积层序皆由低水位体系域、海侵体系域和高水位体系域 组成三元结构。通过层序地层分析和沉积体系演化建立了相应的海平面变化曲线，自早寒武世早期本区海平面达到最高位和最大上升速率后，至寒武纪末研究区海平面总体处于下降过程，即海平面为累进式的缓慢的下降。     

四川盆地及邻区寒武纪古地理与构造-沉积环境演化

四川盆地寒武纪台地滩相储集体是一套重要的油气勘探目的层,准确预测其发育部位、储集性能与分布规律是其油气勘探的重要基础,其中,寒武纪不同地质历史时期古地理与构造-沉积环境的研究是储集体预测的关键。根据野外实测剖面、钻井和测井分析、地震资料,应用活动论构造-古地理思想,在沉积地质条件、区域连井地层剖面,地层厚度与沉积相等分析的基础上,综合编制了寒武纪各个时期的构造-沉积环境图件,反映了四川盆地寒武纪的古地理特征及盆地演化。四川盆地寒武纪整体呈现西高东低、北高南低的古地理格局,西部发育潮坪和滨岸等碎屑岩沉积相,中东部发育缓坡相、台地相及台地边缘浅滩相等。沉积相在时空上的响应为由早寒武世梅树村期局限台地→筇竹寺期碎屑岩台地和深水盆地→早寒武世沧浪铺期滨岸-混积台地→早寒武世龙王庙期碳酸盐岩缓坡→中寒武世陡坡寺期蒸发局限镶边台地→中晚寒武世洗象池期成熟镶边台地的演化过程。其中,筇竹寺期为巨厚的烃源岩生成期;龙王庙期和洗象池期,为碳酸盐岩储集层发育的有利时期;龙王庙期及陡坡寺期发育的蒸发岩可形成良好的盖层。     

青海柴达木盆地北缘寒武纪和奥陶纪海相红层的分布与时代

参照青海省柴达木盆地北缘寒武纪和奥陶纪地层相关文献资料,通过野外地质调查和系统样品分析结果,在柴北缘寒武纪—奥陶纪地层中梳理和识别出了19层海相红层。其中,寒武纪地层中识别出了12层海相红层,奥陶纪地层中识别出了7层海相红层。除奥陶纪石灰沟组海相红层(QORB3,QORB4,QORB5及QORB6)为深水大洋红层外,其余15层海相红层均属浅水—半深水陆棚红层。依据海相红层及其上下层位所含化石,本文初步论述了各海相红层的大致时代,并与我国主要块体的同期海相红层进行对比。上述研究对进一步开展全国乃至全球寒武纪、奥陶纪海相红层分布及对比提供了基础数据和资料。此外,通过国内同期红层的对比,本文还讨论了河北唐山寒武纪海相红层的分布及中国南方中奥陶世大坪期—达瑞威尔期早期海相红层广布事件。     

中国北部寒武纪介形虫地层分布时代

中国北部寒武纪介形虫分布于早晚寒武世。其所在地层的确切时代(期或亚期)以往多未完全确定下来或者还在争论之中。通过分析有关介形虫、三叶虫及小壳化石的组合面貌,并结合岩石地层学特征,文章认为:(1)新疆下寒武统肖尔布拉克组与玉尔吐斯组应合为一组,仍称肖尔布拉克组,时代大致为梅树村期最晚期至沧浪铺期红井哨亚期。其中所见的介形虫基本上均属筇竹寺期。(2)河南淅川等地包括整个下寒武统的水沟口组,自下而上宜分成水沟口组、上集组、小泉沟组和脑子寨组。目前发现的介形虫产子上集组下部(Ichangia—Neocobboldia带),时代为沧浪铺期红井哨亚期晚期;上集组上部可建立Palaeolenus带,时代为沧浪铺期乌龙箐亚期早期。(3)辛集组和雨台山组及其相当地层应统称猴家山组,但应用系指原“猴家山组”下部的一套含磷岩系,原组上部含Megapalaeolenus的一套灰岩及白云岩则应称昌平组。修订后的猴家山组时代为沧浪铺期红井哨亚期晚期。陕西、安徽迄今所见的介形虫即分布于这一时期。(4)辽宁金县所谓“三十里堡阶”实为馒头组的同物异名,其中所产的介形虫Alutella nakamurai的时代因此应为龙王庙期。(5)辽宁本溪的Aluta chiushuensis与瓦房店的A.paiensis和A.paiensis te-nuis曾被认为产于奥陶系底部,实际上其时代前者为晚寒武世凤山期晚期,后两者为凤山期早期。另外,后两者实为Mononotella的同种个体。     

中国北部寒武纪介形虫地层分布时代

中国北部寒武纪介形虫分布于早晚寒武世.其所在地层的确切时代(期或亚期)以往多未完全确定下来或者还在争论之中.通过分析有关介形虫、三叶虫及小壳化石的组合面貌,并结合岩石地层学特征,文章认为:(1)新疆下寒武统肖尔布拉克组与玉尔吐斯组应合为一组,仍称肖尔布拉克组,时代大致为梅树村期最晚期至沧浪铺期红井哨亚期.其中所见的介形虫基本上均属筇竹寺期.(2)河南淅川等地包括整个下寒武统的水沟口组,自下而上宜分成水沟口组、上集组、小泉沟组和脑子寨组.目前发现的介形虫产于上集组下部(Ichangia-Neocobboldia带),时代为沧浪铺期红井哨亚期晚期,上集组上部可建立Palaeolenus带,时代为沧浪铺期乌龙箐亚期早期.(3)辛集组和雨台山组及其相当地层应统称猴家山组,但应用系指原"猴家山组"下部的一套含磷岩系,原组上部含Megapalaeolenus的一套灰岩及白云岩则应称昌平组.修订后的猴家山组时代为沧浪铺期红井哨亚期晚期.陕西、安徽迄今所见的介形虫即分布于这一时期.(4)辽宁金县所谓"三十里堡阶"实为馒头组的同物异名,其中所产的介形虫Alutella nakamurai的时代因此应为龙王庙期.(5)辽宁本溪的Aluta chiusbueusis瓦房店的A.paiensis和A.paiensis tenuis曾被认为产于奥陶系底部,实际上其时代前者为晚寒武世凤山期晚期,后两者为凤山期早期.另外,后两者实为Mononotella的同种个体.     

塔里木盆地寒武纪构造演化研究

对塔里木盆地寒武纪早、中、晚3个时期的古水深、沉积速率、构造沉降速率和拉伸系数计算结果表明,塔里木盆地在早寒武世为深度裂陷阶段,中寒武世为裂陷迁移阶段,晚寒武世为台内裂陷阶段,早寒武世与中-晚寒武世的构造差异性十分明显。早寒武世伸展引起的裂陷作用发生在塔东地区,伸展促使该区构造沉降速率远远大于台地相区,形成半深海盆地相环境。中-晚寒武世伸展向台地内部迁移,使台地内部的构造沉降速率远大于盆地相区,而台地内部较高构造沉降速率被更高的沉积速率所补偿,使得这里始终未能出现地貌上的凹地。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)