缅甸拉泰-其培河段恩梅开江断裂带氡气测量

利用测量土壤中氡气异常来确定隐伏断裂的几何学特征。在缅甸拉泰—其培河段布置的四条测氡剖面中,氡气异常明显,拉泰-芒童段异常值约为本底值的3～8倍,芒童以南部分异常值比本底值高100倍,表明芒童以南地段活动性较强。氡气测量结果很好地控制了恩梅开江断裂在覆盖层之下的延伸展布方向。地表开挖及平硐揭露,很好地验证了测氡结果所推测的断层几何学特征。因此,测定土壤中氡气异常来寻找隐伏断裂的方法是可行的。     

河南卢氏盆地黄村断裂土壤氡气测量及断裂活动性分析

本文是为了确定在卢氏盆地内被第四系覆盖的黄村断裂的位置、断裂性质,分析黄村断裂与其北侧的乔家窑地热异常的关系。断裂构造是深部氡气汇集和迁移的主要通道,氡气沿断裂向上迁移,在地表浅部形成氡异常。土壤氡气异常可揭示隐伏断裂构造的位置、产状和活动性。黄村断裂通过卢氏乔家窑一带,为第四系沉积物所覆盖。沿垂直断裂走向方向布置4条测线。应用瞬时土壤测氡仪进行了野外现场测量,测试了土壤氡气浓度,确定土壤氡气异常,分析黄村断裂位置、产状和活动性。结果表明:黄村断裂带上方土壤氡气具有异常显示,异常位置与断层位置具有较好的一致性。沿QJ12测线,从南向北,土壤氡气异常形态为低-高-较高-较低-低的峰值形态。在断层带上方氡气峰值异常高于背景值的1.5倍以上,异常峰多数为2个测点以上组成。土壤氡气变化特征表明黄村断裂具有较强的活动性。利用土壤氡气异常分析了黄村断裂深部结构特征,给出了主断裂面与次级断裂面产状和位置。结合土壤氡气异常,分析了乔家地热形成机理。初步研究结果表明,豫西基底构造具有多期活动性,活化区域内的压扭性断裂,可转变为局部张性断裂,控制水热、成矿物质的迁移和富集。     

龙泉山断裂带隐伏断层氡气特征及其活动性分析

龙泉山断裂构造带作为龙门山推覆带的前陆隆起,严格控制了成都平原东边界,其活动性历来受到人们的关注。通过对龙泉山断裂带的氡气进行测量,可以有效地判断隐伏断层的位置及其活动性。测量结果显示,龙泉山断裂带北段东坡活动性强于西坡,主断层的活动性明显强于边缘隐伏断层,4条断层的活动性由强到弱依次为合兴场断层红花塘断层龙泉驿断层松林场断层。龙泉山断裂带同一条断层在地表由多个破碎带组成,其氡气异常特征与断层活动性和破碎带特征呈正相关性,即断层活动性越强,氡气异常特征越显著。龙泉山断裂带氡气平均异常浓度是背景值的9.6倍,将各异常带峰值浓度与背景值进行对比分析,大致归纳出了龙泉山地区隐伏断层活动性的相对判别标准。     

汶川地震小鱼洞活动断裂氡气异常及其水文地质意义

利用氡气测量的方法标定断裂(裂隙)构造及其开启程度,并反应断裂(裂隙)的水文地质特征是一种有效而且快速的方法。选取小鱼洞活动断裂三个试段进行了氡气(RaA)测量,并利用统计方法对测量数据进行分析,确定研究区氡气的背景值和异常值。根据氡气异常等级对小鱼洞活动断裂开启性进行了划分,并对其水文地质意义进行了讨论。在基岩裂隙地区可用氡气测量技术圈定蓄水构造,从而确定找水的有利孔位。     

北京平原区隐伏断裂与氡浓度响应关系

北京地区隐伏断裂发育,NW及NE向断裂相互交汇,成为未来可能发生地震的构造.为了研究活动断裂与土壤氡浓度的响应关系,本次对北京平原区NW和NE向2条剖面进行了氡浓度测量.通过测试分析,基本查明了隐伏构造与土壤氡浓度的对应关系以及影响土壤氡浓度的相关地质因素.研究表明,活动断裂存在的区域氡浓度明显高于周边区域,且在构造复...     

汶川地震震后大成都地区断裂带活动性氡气测量分析评价

本文运用活动断裂剖面上的土壤氡气浓度测量,对大成都地区断裂的位置、范围和活动性进行监测,监测结果表明汶川地震对大成都地区断裂带有较大的影响。通过对北川断裂虹口剖面、彭灌断裂小渔洞剖面、彭灌断裂中坝剖面、彭灌断裂白鹿剖面以及新津-蒲江断裂剖面进行监测,从测量结果分析可知:断裂剖面土壤氡浓度背景高于无断裂带地区,且受地震影响较大,距汶川地震震中越近,断裂剖面土壤氡浓度值越高;断裂剖面氡浓度异常阈值与背景值之比均不大于3,最大值与背景值之比均小于5。结合测量地点的地形、表层土壤结构等地质条件,对大成都地区震后活动断裂的相对活动性的强弱进行科学评价,认为目前大成都地区并无活动性极强的断裂,且北川断裂与新津-蒲江断裂的活动性高于彭灌断裂。     

氡气测量在云南木利锑矿三号背斜寻找隐伏断裂中的应用

云南木利锑矿区矿体与断裂关系密切,为解决矿区深边部找矿问题,采用FD-3017 RaA测氡仪,对该区三号背斜进行土壤氡气测量,以寻找隐伏断裂。结果显示,研究区各已知断层和矿体上部均出现明显的氡气异常;因此,可将氡气测量作为寻找隐伏断裂的有效手段,并可作为寻找与断裂构造(包括断层、节理、劈理等)关系密切的隐伏矿床的辅助方法。依据测量结果推测,在三号背斜核部和研究区北东部各存在一条大型隐伏断裂,并发现若干条已知断裂及推测隐伏断裂的次级断裂。最后总结出研究区氡气异常的形成模式。     

土壤氡测量技术在新疆塔什库尔干县地热资源勘查中的应用

土壤氡测量技术是地热地质勘查的一种有效方法,目的是确定隐伏断层和地热流体富集部位。本次笔者在研究区进行了点状网度控制和剖面线状追索两种方法的土壤氡测量工作,野外共采集1 904组数据。根据松散堆积地层物质来源的不同,对数据采用了分区和分段处理方法,发现区内不同地层土壤氡值背景有很大差异:变质岩碎屑堆积背景值为392.1 Bq/m3,花岗岩碎屑堆积为1 930.2 Bq/m3,正长岩和花岗岩混杂堆积为1 571.1 Bq/m3。统计了数据的离散程度,确定了异常下限判断标准,在此基础上分析了区内土壤氡分布特征。研究表明:土壤氡高值分布对隐伏断裂位置和地热异常具有较好的指示意义。     

地气(氡气)测量方法寻找隐伏含矿断裂试验

介绍了FD-3017RaA测氡仪工作原理和野外工作方法。对典型不同矿种含矿断层剖面分析表明:在断层破碎带上方,氡异常的主峰位置反映构造破碎带在地表出露位置,利用测量氡进行寻找隐伏断裂效果很好,特别对于与断裂构造(断层、节理、劈理等)有关系密切的矿床,可以将氡气测量作为寻找隐伏矿床的辅助手段。     

氡气测量在佳木斯城市地下热水普查的应用

在佳木斯城区地下热水调查中,运用了水中氡活度浓度测量和土壤氡活度浓度测量综合方法,有效地克服了城市地热地质调查中的不利因素。通过对水中氡活度浓度及土壤氡活度浓度测量值的正态化变换以及原始氡活度浓度异常分析,明确了氡活度浓度异常对地下热水控制构造的指示作用。通过对氡活度浓度测量值的趋势分析,提取局部异常,综合各种异常信息,确定了城区地下热水的有利远景区。     

Spatial radon anomalies on active faults in California

Radon emanation has been observed to be anomalously high along active faults in many parts of the world. We tested this relationship by conducting and repeating soil-air radon surveys with a portable radon meter across several faults in California. The results confirm the existence of fault-associated radon anomalies, which show characteristic features that may be related to fault structures but vary in time due to other environmental changes, such as rainfall. Across two creeping faults in San Juan Bautista and Hollister, the radon anomalies showed prominent double peaks straddling the fault-gouge zone during dry summers, but the peak-to-background ratios diminished after significant rain fall during winter. Across a locked segment of the San Andreas fault near Olema, the anomaly has a single peak located several meters southwest of the slip zone associated with the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Across two fault segments that ruptured during the magnitude 7.5 Landers earthquake in 1992, anomalously high radon concentration was found in the fractures three weeks after the earthquake. We attribute the fault-related anomalies to a slow vertical gas flow in or near the fault zones. Radon generated locally in subsurface soil has a concentration profile that increases three orders of magnitude from the surface to a depth of several meters; thus an upward flow that brings up deeper and radon-richer soil air to the detection level can cause a significantly higher concentration reading. This explanation is consistent with concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen, measured in soil-air samples collected during one of the surveys.     

Interpretation of radon anomalies in seismotectonic and tectonic-gravitational settings: the south-eastern Crati graben (Northern Calabria, Italy)

The study area is located in the south-eastern part of the Crati valley (Northern Calabria, Italy), which is a graben bordered by N–S trending normal faults and crossed by NW–SE normal left-lateral faults. Numerous severe crustal earthquakes have affected the area in historical time. Present-day seismic activity is mainly related to the N–S faults located along the eastern border of the graben. In this area, much seismically induced deep-seated deformation has also been recognised.In the present paper, radon concentrations in soil gas have been measured and compared with (a) lithology, (b) Quaternary faults, (c) historical and instrumental seismicity, and (d) deep-seated deformation.The results highlight the following:

(a) There is no evidence of a strong correlation between lithology and the radon anomalies.

(b) A clear correlation between the N–S geometry of radon anomalies and the orientation of main fault systems has been recognised, except in the southernmost part of the area, where the radon concentrations are strongly affected by the superposition of the N–S and the NW–SE fault systems.

(c) Epicentral zones of instrumental and historical earthquakes correspond to the highest values of radon concentrations, probably indicating recent activated fault segments. In particular, high radon values occur in the zones struck by earthquakes in 1835, 1854, and 1870.

(d) Deep-seated gravitational deformation generally coincides with zones characterised by low radon concentrations.

In the studied area, the anisotropic distribution of radon concentrations is congruent with the presence of neotectonic features and deep-seated gravitational phenomena. The method used in this study could profitably contribute towards either seismic risk or deep-seated gravitational deformation analyses.     

Soil-gas radon anomalies in three study areas of Central-Northern Calabria (Southern Italy)

Soil-gas radon concentrations and exhalation rates have generally been observed to be anomalously high along active faults in many parts of the world. The soil-gas method is based on the principle that faults and fractures in rocks are highly permeable pathways along which gases can migrate upward from deep crust and mantle to soil cover, retaining their source signatures. The present study summarizes the influence of fault zones on anomalous radon concentrations in soil by integrated geophysical and geo-structural analyses in three study areas of Central-Northern Calabria (Southern Italy). Soil-gas radon surveys have been carried out by means of an alpha scintillation counting system, at 12,509 locations between 2002 and 2004. A geostatistical approach has been used to estimate the spatial distribution of soil radon concentrations. Relations among soil-gas distribution and geo-structural features have been evaluated by ordinary multi-Gaussian kriging. Highest soil radon concentrations (ca. 90 kBq m^?3) have been measured in the Rossanese sector. In the three study areas, no appreciable differences can be noticed among lithotypes, with the highest concentration values (ca. 89 kBq m^?3) measured in alluvial deposit and in clay. Measurements of soil-gas radon reveal anomalies clearly connected to the tectonic structures. Increased signals are linearly distributed along regional WNW–ESE trending shear zones, with main pathways of concentration also recognizable along the E–W fault system in the Rossanese sector, the N–S fault system in the Crati Graben and the Catanzaro Trough, and the NE–SW fault system in the Catanzaro Trough. The distribution of epicentres of historical earthquakes occurred between 1184 and 2001 confirms the recent activity of the same fault systems. Soil-gas radon concentrations generally increase, as expected, with decreasing distance to the faults.     

河南省刘老湾地区地质、物化探特征及找矿前景分析

河南省刘老湾地区位于大别造山带北麓,南临梅山—龟山区域断裂带,西邻燕山晚期的商城花岗岩体。通过1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,在区内圈定了以Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn为主要元素的综合异常,其中Au异常浓集中心明显,规模大,与各元素套合好。1∶5万地面高磁异常明显,且与化探异常吻合较好。通过大比例尺地质、物化探综合剖面对物化探异常进行查证,圈出多个Au土壤高值异常段,并伴有高极化、低电阻率异常。本文对该区地质、物化探异常进行了详细剖析,分析了成矿地质条件,认为在中酸性岩体和胡油坊组的接触带、北西西向的断裂构造是找矿的有利部位;在土壤Au高值异常带,正负磁场突变,高级化率、低电阻率的地段,找矿前景较好。     

应用二维经验模分解(BEMD)法提取滇东Pt、Pd 元素地球化学异常

应用二维经验模分解(BEMD)法从滇东Pt-Pd含量数据中提取2类Pt-Pd异常,即由二维内蕴模函数3(BIMF3)表征的区域Pt-Pd异常和由二维内蕴模函数2(BIMF2)表征的局部Pt-Pd异常。根据异常产出的地质特征,区域Pt-Pd异常可进一步划分为2个亚类：其一是位于受SN向小江断裂和NE向寻甸-宣威深大断裂控制的二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩分布区的异常,其特征是具有明显的浓集中心,异常强度大;其二是分布于研究区中南部的黑色岩系中的异常,异常强度弱。其中前者是滇东Pt-Pd找矿的有利地段。局部Pt-Pd异常可进一步划分为3个亚类：①分布于玄武岩区,受SN-NE向深大断裂与其次级断裂交会域控制的异常;②分布于不同地质时期黑色岩系中的异常;③哀牢山断裂北侧与基性、超基性侵入岩有关的异常。其中,分布于玄武岩区的Pt-Pd局部异常强度高、规模大,是进一步找寻Pt-Pd资源的远景地段。     

Reconnaissance soil-gas radon survey over the faulted crystalline area of Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Tropical rain forest areas are well known for problems with geological mapping because of the dense vegetation and thick overburden. The application of soil-gas radon measurements was carried out over known and suspected fault zones in the basement terrains of Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. Radon concentration in the area ranged from 25.6 to 6,227.8 pCi/l, with distinct contrasts and overlap in concentrations among soil groups derived from various rock types. Radon concentrations in the soil exhibit a strong dependence on the local geology and reflect the bedrock geochemistry. Relatively high radon soil-gas concentrations of between 4,000 and 6,227.8 pCi/l were found directly on the axis of the known and suspected strike slip faults. The use of the radon-222 technique confirms its application as a useful tool in geological and structural mapping in basement terrains largely covered by relatively thick overburdens.     

应用二维经验模分解（BEMD）法提取滇东Pt、Pd元素地球化学异常

应用二维经验模分解（BEMD）法从滇东Pt-Pd含量数据中提取2类Pt-Pd异常,即由二维内蕴模函数3（BIMF3）表征的区域Pt-Pd异常和由二维内蕴模函数2（BIMF2）表征的局部Pt-Pd异常。根据异常产出的地质特征,区域Pt-Pd异常可进一步划分为2个亚类：其一是位于受SN向小江断裂和NE向寻甸-宣威深大断裂控制的二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩分布区的异常,其特征是具有明显的浓集中心,异常强度大;其二是分布于研究区中南部的黑色岩系中的异常,异常强度弱。其中前者是滇东Pt-Pd找矿的有利地段。局部Pt-Pd异常可进一步划分为3个亚类：①分布于玄武岩区,受SN-NE向深大断裂与其次级断裂交会域控制的异常;②分布于不同地质时期黑色岩系中的异常;③哀牢山断裂北侧与基性、超基性侵入岩有关的异常。其中,分布于玄武岩区的Pt-Pd局部异常强度高、规模大,是进一步找寻Pt-Pd资源的远景地段。     

额济纳旗黄山铜矿地质特征及找矿线索分析

额济纳旗黄山铜矿位于内蒙古北山额济纳-雅干华力西期铁、金、铜、钼、镍成矿带的石板井-东七一山钨、钼、铜、铁、萤石成矿亚带,成矿条件优越。对矿区地质特征及物化探异常特征的分析显示,矿体空间分布套合较好,矿化与志留系公婆泉组关系密切,矿体空间展布受北西向逆断层控制。前期工程验证工作投入较少,尚未能揭露原生矿体,后续勘查工作应加大深部工程力度,尽快寻找到原生主矿体,为本区大比例尺勘查工作提供支持。