地质灾害野外调查数据采集系统数据模型研究

文章从需求分析着手,利用3S技术、结合现代化的掌上电脑,从系统构成、野外数据采集模型、实体模型等方面对系统的构建进行了探讨研究。最后结合设计,利用国产的嵌入式GIS软件MAPGIS,实现了集野外数据的组织、采集背景文件的发布、采集数据收集一体化工作流程的地质灾害野外数据数字采集系统。     

数据库建设在安徽歙县地质灾害风险调查评价中的应用

歙县位于皖南山区,是安徽省地质灾害易发区之一。在歙县地质灾害风险调查评价项目中,通过移动端的“地质灾害野外调查数据采集系统”与电脑桌面端的“地质灾害风险调查数据录入系统”,实现了从野外数据采集到成果数据的数字化建库过程。建立了统一的调查格式与数据格式,实现了歙县地质灾害风险调查评价的数据库建设,数据格式规范统一、内容完整丰富,有利于全省或全国地质灾害风险调查类项目的数据整合与管理利用。     

便携式地质灾害应急调查工具箱的研究及应用

我国是突发性地质灾害频发的国家,提高地质调查队伍的应急调查效率成为当务之急。本文介绍了一种新研发的便携式地质灾害应急调查工具箱,具有在地质调查的团队合作性、应急性、野外性等多方面的突出特点。现场应用证明,便携式工具箱配合野外数据传输装置,能够快速采集、储存、传输现场资料。野外无纸化录入数据后,自动生成各种规范的地质调查表,实现采集、编辑、输出一体化,大幅度提高应急调查的综合效率,为突发性地质灾害应急调查提供了技术支撑。     

吉林省辉南县地质灾害调查与区划空间数据库的建设

辉南县地质灾害调查与区划空间数据库建设是以Mapgis6.0软件作为工作平台,利用"县(市)地质灾害调查与区划信息系统"软件将辉南县地质灾害调查成果数据进行采集、存储、管理、分析,为辉南县地质灾害防治规划工作提供依据。     

藏东南艰险地区灾害地质调查思路与方法论述

地质灾害调查自20世纪90年代以来经历了多轮发展,目前演变为以孕灾背景调查和隐患点识别的灾害地质调查。“藏东南重要城镇和交通干线地质灾害调查”项目工作区位于西藏东南部,有工作程度落后、地质环境脆弱和工作条件恶劣等特点。项目主要从详实基础地质数据、地质灾害规律和孕灾背景调查评价和地质灾害隐患点识别等3个方面重点进行灾害地质调查工作。为了在藏东南特殊的环境中实现这些调查要求,应用了野外调查数据采集系统、InSAR、三维激光扫描、无人机航测遥感系统和简易观测等技术方法。并且总结了各类调查技术方法的适用性。通过总结经验和找到不足,从而为今后该地区的调查评价提供借鉴和参考。     

粤港澳湾区1:50 000斗门镇幅工程地质调查及岩土样品试验数据集

本数据集依托2017年中国地质调查局"粤港澳湾区1：50 000环境地质调查"项目,在充分收集以往地质资料的基础上,开展了粤港澳大湾区珠江口西岸的斗门镇幅1：50 000工程地质调查工作,编制了1：50 000工程地质图及说明书,并依据此次调查及采取的样品进行测试获取的数据建立了本数据集。本数据集包含调查与实验测试两大类10种数据类型,其中遥感野外检查验证数据53条,基础调查数据168条,野外地质综合调查数据22条,工程地质调查数据77条,地质灾害调查数据23条,钻孔基本情况数据13条,原位试验成果数据583条,岩石样品试验数据36条,土工试验数据130条,野外照片数据669幅,共计1 774条数据。本数据集对查清粤港澳大湾区珠江口西岸的工程地质条件,评价软土地面沉降、崩塌滑坡不稳定性斜坡等地质灾害具有数据支撑意义。     

地质灾害应急调查工具箱客户端软件设计

针对目前地质灾害应急调查还处在野外全手工记录、应急数据传输不及时、室内手工处理数据等效率低下的情况,进行了地质灾害应急调查工具箱配套数据采集终端的研制,重点进行了自动化数据采集、数据电子化、应急数据实时化传输、数据管理智能化等设计。本文主要介绍在基于Android系统下的平板终端上,设计开发出一套智能化地质灾害应急调查软件,该软件遵循地质灾害调查技术规范,采用结构化和标准化的调查表模板,结合可视化的Google地图数据资源,为地质灾害调查人员现场采集数据（如文字信息,灾害点空间信息,有关灾害点的语音、视频、图片信息,绘制灾害点平面图、剖面图、素描图等）和后期对灾害点的管理,提供了更直观、更快捷、更高效的技术支持手段。该软件利用GIS技术,将采集的数据以可视化的方式展现在地图平台上,直观地反映地质灾害及隐患点的空间分布、灾害类型、灾害危害等级等详细信息,为地质灾害调查提供技术支撑。     

数字地质填图研究现状与发展趋势

数字地质填图是指区域地质调查数据的野外获取及其成果的数字化统一性再现.当前数字地质填图现状和发展趋势已基本上实现了数字填图系统的采集、存储、管理、描述、分析和再现地质实体在地球表面空间分布有关的数据信息.在计算机辅助下, 通过野外观测路线的调查, 对地质、地理、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等多源地学数据进行综合分析和地质制图.在掌上机WindowsCE平台上, 实现了数字填图所需的基本GIS基本功能(GPS定位路线采集、素描), 实现了遥感系统与数字填图系统的一体化整合.      

适用于地质灾害调查的微型无人机航线控制系统设计与实现

传统的地质灾害野外调查手段已经不能满足日益增长的快速获取信息的需求以及国家精细化地质调查的要求,因此近年来掌上机、无人机、InSAR、高精度遥感等技术在地质灾害调查研究领域得到了不同程度的应用。文章紧密结合地质灾害调查数据采集业务需求和工作流程要求,以微型无人机为采集端,采用无人机技术、地理信息技术和图像融合技术,基于Android系统设计了适用于地质灾害野外调查微型无人机航线控制系统,开发了航线规划、智能续飞、图像快拼、离线地图以及针对不同形态灾害体的不同拍摄模式等功能,实现采集流程全自动化,为地质灾害调查人员提供了快速、便捷的无人机遥感影像数据采集手段,为地质调查工作提供了直观、精准的数据支撑。     

1:50 000重庆市奉节县幅灾害地质图数据集

奉节县是中国三峡库区地质灾害高发区县,区内地形起伏,构造和软弱岩层发育,地质环境较脆弱,通过对研究区开展野外地质调查,查清了区内地质灾害分布规律及孕灾地质背景,整合灾害、地质和地理信息等数据,首次编制了奉节县幅1∶50 000灾害地质图,建立数据集。本文从数据来源、数据收集方法、处理技术等方面进行了整理和归纳,以期呈现地质灾害调查领域灾害地质图数据集应用的实例,为该类型地质调查和数据集处理及应用提供参考。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)